CWE-289

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  "details": "### Issue\n\nIf an attacker is able to control a threshold of keys to insert the same public key more than once with different key IDs into signed, trusted metadata on a TUF repository, then go-tuf [clients](https://github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf#client) \u003c [0.3.2](https://github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf/releases/tag/v0.3.2) are susceptible to an attack where attackers can cause the same signature from the same public key to be counted more than once against the threshold of signatures because they were mistakenly distinguished due to having different key IDs.\n\nFor example, suppose that in the root metadata file, there were a threshold of 2 self-signatures required from 2 different keys $K_A$ and $K_B$ belonging to Alice and Bob respectively. Bob has either mistakenly or maliciously produced a signed a malicious version of the root metadata file where Alice\u0027s key is listed once with the keyid $SHA2_{256}(K_A)$, but his public key is listed twice, once with the keyid $SHA2_{256}(K_B)$, and the other with $SHA2_{512}(K_B)$. If Bob can convince Alice to mistakenly sign this root metadata file without noticing this error, then clients \u003c 0.3.2 would mistakenly count the same signature from Bob twice, once with the keyid $SHA2_{256}(K_B)$, and the other with $SHA2_{512}(K_B)$.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhile the impact is potentially high, the severity is low as it requires either attackers or the repository (deliberately or mistakenly respectively) to have produced such an incorrect distribution of public keys, causing clients \u003c 0.3.2 to fall prey to this issue.\n\n### Patches\n\nA fix is available for clients with versions \u003e= [0.3.2](https://github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf/releases/tag/v0.3.2).\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUsers can work around this vulnerability in previous clients by checking for and removing _duplicate_ public keys with different key IDs (e.g., SHA2-256 and SHA2-512 hashes of the same public key) in all signed metadata on their TUF repositories.\n\n### References\n\n* The PR fixing this issue is #369.\n* The [latest](https://theupdateframework.github.io/specification/v1.0.30/index.html#role-keyid) TUF specification advises using only SHA2-256 hashes of public keys.\n* Commit b383bafd27472310a650f3733e686163a868b71a removed support for clients generating multiple key IDs for the same public key. This commit is older than the first [v.0.1.0 tag](https://github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf/releases/tag/v0.1.0) for go-tuf.\n* There is an outstanding [issue](https://github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf/issues/368) for removing the non-standard `keyid_hash_algorithms` field in TUF metadata which arguably led to this issue.\n* A more robust solution is discussed (but not necessarily recommended) in [TAP 12](https://github.com/theupdateframework/taps/blob/master/tap12.md), which suggests deduplicating public keys even more strongly on the basis of the fundamental parameters (e.g., exponents) to the cryptosystem rather than specific encodings (e.g., PEM) of public keys.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [go-tuf](https://github.com/theupdateframework/go-tuf/issues)\n* Email us at TUF\u0027s [mailing list](mailto:theupdateframework@googlegroups.com)\n* The [#tuf](https://cloud-native.slack.com/archives/C8NMD3QJ3) channel on [CNCF Slack](https://slack.cncf.io/).",
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  "published": "2022-09-16T17:17:13Z",
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    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-13T19:21:02Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-12T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the JNDI Realm of Apache Tomcat allows an attacker to authenticate using variations of a valid user name and/or to bypass some of the protection provided by the LockOut Realm. This issue affects Apache Tomcat 10.0.0-M1 to 10.0.5; 9.0.0.M1 to 9.0.45; 8.5.0 to 8.5.65.",
  "id": "GHSA-36qh-35cm-5w2w",
  "modified": "2022-02-08T21:08:59Z",
  "published": "2021-08-13T15:21:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30640"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r59f9ef03929d32120f91f4ea7e6e79edd5688d75d0a9b65fd26d1fe8%40%3Cannounce.tomcat.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/08/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-34"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210827-0007"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4952"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4986"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Authentication Bypass by Alternate Name in Apache Tomcat"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "hail"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.127"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-51663"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-289"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-02T16:40:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-12-29T17:16:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nAll Hail Batch clusters are affected. An attacker is able to:\n\n1. Create one or more accounts with Hail Batch without corresponding real accounts in the organization.\n\nFor example, a user could create a Microsoft or Google account and then change their email to \"inconspicuous@example.org\". This Microsoft or Google account can then be used to create a Hail Batch account in Hail Batch clusters whose organization domain is \"example.org\".\n\nIn Google, this attack is partially mitigated because Google requires users to verify ownership of their Google account. However, a valid user is able to create multiple distinct Hail Batch accounts by creating multiple distinct Google accounts using email addresses of the form \"real_user_email_name+random_id@example.org\".\n\nIn Microsoft, this attack requires Azure AD Administrator access to an Azure AD Tenant. The Azure AD Administrator is permitted to change the email address of an account to any other email address without verification. An attacker can create an Azure Tenant for free.\n\n1. The attacker *does not* have access to any private data (because the new service principals or service accounts are not granted any privileges).\n3. If trial Hail Batch billing projects are enabled, the attacker *does* have the ability to run jobs and thus spend money. An attacker can create as many accounts as Microsoft or Google permit.\n4. The attacker *cannot* impersonate another user because, in Azure, we use the `sub` from the OAuth2 response, and, in Google, Google does an email verification.\n\n### Remediation\n\n1. Apply this patch to prevent third-party attackers from creating accounts.\n2. Audit your users list https://auth.example.org/users for user accounts whose login ids are not valid login ids with your identity provider. Delete such users.\n\nA forthcoming change will prevent users from creating multiple accounts using Google\u0027s `+` email redirection.\n\n### Workarounds\nNone.\n\n### References\n1. https://trufflesecurity.com/blog/google-oauth-is-broken-sort-of/\n2. https://www.descope.com/blog/post/noauth\n4. https://developers.google.com/identity/openid-connect/openid-connect#an-id-tokens-payload\n5. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/access-token-claims-reference#payload-claims\n\n[1] Hail Batch must separately stop using emails and start using the OAuth2 `sub` in Google. This is a known deficiency. In particular, if an email is re-used by the organization for a new user, the new user could access the old user\u0027s Hail Batch account.",
  "id": "GHSA-487p-qx68-5vjw",
  "modified": "2024-11-22T17:59:30Z",
  "published": "2024-01-02T16:40:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hail-is/hail/security/advisories/GHSA-487p-qx68-5vjw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-51663"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hail-is/hail/commit/0dcc17ff24564b6f5592261d7975e8afd0f95de7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hail-is/hail"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/hail/PYSEC-2023-271.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Hail relies on OIDC email claims to verify the validity of a user\u0027s domain."
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14777"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-289"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T05:16:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Keycloak. An IDOR (Broken Access Control) vulnerability exists in the admin API endpoints for authorization resource management, specifically in ResourceSetService and PermissionTicketService. The system checks authorization against the resourceServer (client) ID provided in the API request, but the backend database lookup and modification operations (findById, delete) only use the resourceId. This mismatch allows an authenticated attacker with fine-grained admin permissions for one client (e.g., Client A) to delete or update resources belonging to another client (Client B) within the same realm by supplying a valid resource ID.",
  "id": "GHSA-4cj5-g32w-86fv",
  "modified": "2026-04-02T15:31:34Z",
  "published": "2025-12-16T06:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14777"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6477"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6478"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-14777"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2422596"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43617"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-289"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-20T02:16:36Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Rsync version\u00a03.4.2 and prior contain an authorization bypass vulnerability in the rsync daemon\u0027s hostname-based access control list enforcement when configured with chroot. Attackers can bypass hostname-based deny rules by controlling the PTR record for their source IP address, allowing connections from hostnames that administrators intended to deny when reverse DNS resolution fails and defaults to UNKNOWN.",
  "id": "GHSA-4j4q-473w-9q2r",
  "modified": "2026-05-20T03:31:33Z",
  "published": "2026-05-20T03:31:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/security/advisories/GHSA-rjfm-3w2m-jf4f"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43617"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/RsyncProject/rsync/releases/tag/v3.4.3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/rsync-authorization-bypass-via-hostname-resolution"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-60375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-289"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-09T21:15:39Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The authentication mechanism in Perfex CRM before 3.3.1 allows attackers to bypass login credentials due to insufficient server-side validation. By sending empty username and password parameters in the login request, an attacker can gain unauthorized access to user accounts, including administrative accounts, without providing valid credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-59gp-8f8p-cr76",
  "modified": "2025-10-10T15:31:28Z",
  "published": "2025-10-09T21:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/AhamedYaseen03/CVE-2025-60375"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55130"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-281",
      "CWE-289"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-20T21:16:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw in Node.js\u2019s Permissions model allows attackers to bypass `--allow-fs-read` and `--allow-fs-write` restrictions using crafted relative symlink paths. By chaining directories and symlinks, a script granted access only to the current directory can escape the allowed path and read sensitive files. This breaks the expected isolation guarantees and enables arbitrary file read/write, leading to potential system compromise.\nThis vulnerability affects users of the permission model on Node.js v20,  v22,  v24, and v25.",
  "id": "GHSA-62wc-jj78-f4f6",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T03:35:27Z",
  "published": "2026-01-20T21:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55130"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2025/cve-2025-55130.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/december-2025-security-releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2431352"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-55130"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7387"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7386"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6431"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2899"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2864"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2783"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2782"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2781"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2768"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2767"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2422"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2421"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:2420"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1843"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:1842"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}