Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-290

Allowed

Authentication Bypass by Spoofing

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

This attack-focused weakness is caused by incorrectly implemented authentication schemes that are subject to spoofing attacks.

925 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-RGGC-M335-3WVJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 16:03 – Updated: 2026-07-02 16:03
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Same-host trusted-proxy deployments could accept local forged identity headers
Details

Summary

Same-host trusted-proxy deployments could accept local forged identity headers. In affected versions, a local same-host caller that can reach the proxy-facing Gateway port could supply identity headers normally reserved for the trusted proxy.

This advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw's trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.

Impact

When the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could receive operator identity associated with the forged headers. Practical impact depends on the operator's configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.

Patched Versions

The first stable patched version is 2026.5.18.

Mitigations

bind trusted-proxy ingress behind the actual proxy and firewall direct same-host access. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.

Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.5.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-02T16:03:10Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nSame-host trusted-proxy deployments could accept local forged identity headers. In affected versions, a local same-host caller that can reach the proxy-facing Gateway port could supply identity headers normally reserved for the trusted proxy.\n\nThis advisory is scoped to the named feature and configuration. It does not change OpenClaw\u0027s trusted-operator model: authenticated Gateway operators, installed plugins, and intentional local execution surfaces remain trusted unless a separate policy, approval, allowlist, sandbox, or auth boundary is crossed.\n\n### Impact\n\nWhen the affected feature is enabled and reachable, this could receive operator identity associated with the forged headers. Practical impact depends on the operator\u0027s configuration and whether lower-trust input can reach that path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nThe first stable patched version is `2026.5.18`.\n\n### Mitigations\n\nbind trusted-proxy ingress behind the actual proxy and firewall direct same-host access. As general hardening, keep channel and tool allowlists narrow, avoid sharing one Gateway between mutually untrusted users, and disable the affected feature when it is not needed.",
  "id": "GHSA-rggc-m335-3wvj",
  "modified": "2026-07-02T16:03:10Z",
  "published": "2026-07-02T16:03:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rggc-m335-3wvj"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Same-host trusted-proxy deployments could accept local forged identity headers"
}

GHSA-RJR7-JGGH-PGCP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 18:19 – Updated: 2026-06-25 18:19
VLAI
Summary
chi's RealIP Middleware allows IP spoofing via unvalidated X-Forwarded-For header
Details

Summary

realip middleware in go-chi/chi trusts headers like x-forwarded-for without checking them, so attackers can fake their ip and bypass rate limits or access controls

Details

the vuln is in middleware/realip.go , the realIP() function pulls IPs straight from client headers and replaces r.RemoteAddr without checking if the request came from a trusted proxy

func realIP(r *http.Request) string {
    var ip string
    if tcip := r.Header.Get(trueClientIP); tcip != "" {
        ip = tcip  // controlled by attacker
    } else if xrip := r.Header.Get(xRealIP); xrip != "" {
        ip = xrip  // controlled by attacker
    } else if xff := r.Header.Get(xForwardedFor); xff != "" {
        ip, _, _ = strings.Cut(xff, ",")  // controlled by attacker
    }
    // ...
    return ip
}

no trusted proxy cidr check in place, any client can send these headers

PoC

create a server with chi and use realip middleware

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5"
    "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware"
)

func main() {
    r := chi.NewRouter()
    r.Use(middleware.RealIP)

    r.Get("/admin", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        // ip-based access control got bypassed
        if r.RemoteAddr == "127.0.0.1" {
            w.Write([]byte("SECRET ADMIN DATA"))
            return
        }
        http.Error(w, "Forbidden", 403)
    })

    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", r)
}

spoofed the ip to bypass access control

curl -H "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1" http://localhost:8080/admin

Impact

  • ip-based access control bypass lets attackers reach restricted endpoints
  • rate limiting bypass lets attackers avoid limits by rotating spoofed ips
  • audit logs show fake ips picked by attacker instead of real ones
  • attackers can get around geo ip restrictions

Remediation Recommendation

validate proxy cidr first before trusting forwarded ip headers

// add your reverse proxy ip addresses here
var trustedProxies = []net.IPNet{
       {IP: net.ParseIP("10.0.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(8, 32)},
    {IP: net.ParseIP("172.16.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(12, 32)},
    {IP: net.ParseIP("192.168.0.0"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32)},
}

func isTrustedProxy(ip net.IP) bool {
    for _, cidr := range trustedProxies {
        if cidr.Contains(ip) {
            return true
        }
    }
    return false
}
Severity
7.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
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To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-chi/chi/middleware"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.5.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-chi/chi/v2/middleware"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "2.1.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-chi/chi/v3/middleware"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-chi/chi/v4/middleware"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "4.1.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290",
      "CWE-348"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-25T18:19:15Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nrealip middleware in go-chi/chi trusts headers like x-forwarded-for without checking them, so attackers can fake their ip and bypass rate limits or access controls\n\n### Details\n\nthe vuln is in middleware/realip.go , the realIP() function pulls IPs straight from client headers and replaces r.RemoteAddr without checking if the request came from a trusted proxy\n\n```go\nfunc realIP(r *http.Request) string {\n    var ip string\n    if tcip := r.Header.Get(trueClientIP); tcip != \"\" {\n        ip = tcip  // controlled by attacker\n    } else if xrip := r.Header.Get(xRealIP); xrip != \"\" {\n        ip = xrip  // controlled by attacker\n    } else if xff := r.Header.Get(xForwardedFor); xff != \"\" {\n        ip, _, _ = strings.Cut(xff, \",\")  // controlled by attacker\n    }\n    // ...\n    return ip\n}\n```\n\nno trusted proxy cidr check in place, any client can send these headers\n\n### PoC\n\ncreate a server with chi and use realip middleware\n\n```go\npackage main\n\nimport (\n    \"fmt\"\n    \"net/http\"\n    \"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5\"\n    \"github.com/go-chi/chi/v5/middleware\"\n)\n\nfunc main() {\n    r := chi.NewRouter()\n    r.Use(middleware.RealIP)\n\n    r.Get(\"/admin\", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n        // ip-based access control got bypassed\n        if r.RemoteAddr == \"127.0.0.1\" {\n            w.Write([]byte(\"SECRET ADMIN DATA\"))\n            return\n        }\n        http.Error(w, \"Forbidden\", 403)\n    })\n\n    http.ListenAndServe(\":8080\", r)\n}\n```\n\nspoofed the ip to bypass access control\n\n```bash\ncurl -H \"X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\" http://localhost:8080/admin\n```\n\n\n### Impact\n\n- ip-based access control bypass lets attackers reach restricted endpoints\n- rate limiting bypass lets attackers avoid limits by rotating spoofed ips\n- audit logs show fake ips picked by attacker instead of real ones\n- attackers can get around geo ip restrictions\n\n## Remediation Recommendation\n\nvalidate proxy cidr first before trusting forwarded ip headers\n\n```go\n// add your reverse proxy ip addresses here\nvar trustedProxies = []net.IPNet{\n       {IP: net.ParseIP(\"10.0.0.0\"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(8, 32)},\n    {IP: net.ParseIP(\"172.16.0.0\"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(12, 32)},\n    {IP: net.ParseIP(\"192.168.0.0\"), Mask: net.CIDRMask(16, 32)},\n}\n\nfunc isTrustedProxy(ip net.IP) bool {\n    for _, cidr := range trustedProxies {\n        if cidr.Contains(ip) {\n            return true\n        }\n    }\n    return false\n}\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-rjr7-jggh-pgcp",
  "modified": "2026-06-25T18:19:15Z",
  "published": "2026-06-25T18:19:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-chi/chi/security/advisories/GHSA-rjr7-jggh-pgcp"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-chi/chi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-chi/chi/releases/tag/v5.3.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "chi\u0027s RealIP Middleware allows IP spoofing via unvalidated X-Forwarded-For header"
}

GHSA-RJRM-HGHF-RQWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 15:31 – Updated: 2026-03-11 15:31
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains Hub before 2026.1 possible on sign-in account mismatch with non-SSO auth and 2FA disabled

Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32229"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T15:16:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains Hub before 2026.1 possible on sign-in account mismatch with non-SSO auth and 2FA disabled",
  "id": "GHSA-rjrm-hghf-rqww",
  "modified": "2026-03-11T15:31:52Z",
  "published": "2026-03-11T15:31:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32229"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RMV6-3GMQ-Q94G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-11 21:31 – Updated: 2023-04-14 15:30
VLAI
Details

Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-24935"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290",
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Spoofing Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-rmv6-3gmq-q94g",
  "modified": "2023-04-14T15:30:28Z",
  "published": "2023-04-11T21:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24935"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-24935"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RMXW-JXXX-4CPC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 21:34 – Updated: 2026-03-06 01:01
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw has a Matrix allowlist bypass via displayName and cross-homeserver localpart matching
Details

Summary

OpenClaw Matrix DM allowlist matching could be bypassed in certain configurations.

Matrix support ships as an optional plugin (not bundled with the core install), so this only affects deployments that have installed and enabled the Matrix plugin.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected: >= 2026.1.14-1, < 2026.2.2
  • Patched: >= 2026.2.2

Details

In affected versions, DM allowlist decisions could be made by exact-matching channels.matrix.dm.allowFrom entries against multiple sender-derived candidates, including:

  • The sender display name (attacker-controlled and non-unique)
  • The sender MXID localpart with the homeserver discarded, so @alice:evil.example and @alice:trusted.example both match alice

If an operator configured channels.matrix.dm.allowFrom with display names or bare localparts (for example, "Alice" or "alice"), a remote Matrix user may be able to impersonate an allowed identity for allowlist purposes and reach the routing/agent pipeline.

Impact

Matrix DM allowlist identity confusion. The practical impact depends on your Matrix channel policies and what capabilities are enabled downstream.

Mitigation

  • Upgrade to openclaw >= 2026.2.2.
  • Ensure Matrix allowlists contain only full Matrix user IDs (MXIDs) like @user:server (or *). Do not use display names or bare localparts.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 8f3bfbd1c4fb967a2ddb5b4b9a05784920814bcf

Release Process Note

The patched version is already published to npm; the advisory can be published once you're ready.

Thanks @MegaManSec (https://joshua.hu) of AISLE Research Team for reporting.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2026.1.14-1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28471"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-17T21:34:17Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T22:16:20Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nOpenClaw Matrix DM allowlist matching could be bypassed in certain configurations.\n\nMatrix support ships as an optional plugin (not bundled with the core install), so this only affects deployments that have installed and enabled the Matrix plugin.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003e= 2026.1.14-1, \u003c 2026.2.2`\n- Patched: `\u003e= 2026.2.2`\n\n### Details\n\nIn affected versions, DM allowlist decisions could be made by exact-matching `channels.matrix.dm.allowFrom` entries against multiple sender-derived candidates, including:\n\n- The sender display name (attacker-controlled and non-unique)\n- The sender MXID localpart with the homeserver discarded, so `@alice:evil.example` and `@alice:trusted.example` both match `alice`\n\nIf an operator configured `channels.matrix.dm.allowFrom` with display names or bare localparts (for example, `\"Alice\"` or `\"alice\"`), a remote Matrix user may be able to impersonate an allowed identity for allowlist purposes and reach the routing/agent pipeline.\n\n### Impact\n\nMatrix DM allowlist identity confusion. The practical impact depends on your Matrix channel policies and what capabilities are enabled downstream.\n\n### Mitigation\n\n- Upgrade to `openclaw \u003e= 2026.2.2`.\n- Ensure Matrix allowlists contain only full Matrix user IDs (MXIDs) like `@user:server` (or `*`). Do not use display names or bare localparts.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `8f3bfbd1c4fb967a2ddb5b4b9a05784920814bcf`\n\n### Release Process Note\n\nThe patched version is already published to npm; the advisory can be published once you\u0027re ready.\n\nThanks @MegaManSec (https://joshua.hu) of [AISLE Research Team](https://aisle.com/) for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-rmxw-jxxx-4cpc",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T01:01:45Z",
  "published": "2026-02-17T21:34:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-rmxw-jxxx-4cpc"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28471"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/8f3bfbd1c4fb967a2ddb5b4b9a05784920814bcf"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-allowlist-bypass-via-displayname-and-cross-homeserver-localpart-matching-in-matrix"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw has a Matrix allowlist bypass via displayName and cross-homeserver localpart matching"
}

GHSA-RP3R-3VQ4-29FG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-25 15:31 – Updated: 2025-03-28 18:32
VLAI
Details

Authentication bypass in the 2FA feature in Devolutions Server 2024.1.14.0 and earlier allows an authenticated attacker to authenticate to another user without being asked for the 2FA via another browser tab.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-4846"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-25T13:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Authentication bypass in the 2FA feature in Devolutions Server 2024.1.14.0 and earlier allows an authenticated attacker to authenticate to another user without being asked for the 2FA via another browser tab.",
  "id": "GHSA-rp3r-3vq4-29fg",
  "modified": "2025-03-28T18:32:55Z",
  "published": "2024-06-25T15:31:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4846"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2024-0009"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RPJR-PCMR-9PPW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-10 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-14 17:40
VLAI
Summary
Alt Redirect: Potential Authentication Bypass by Spoofing through query-string stripping logic flaw
Details

The Alt Redirect 1.6.3 addon for Statamic fails to consistently strip query string parameters when the "Query String Strip" feature is enabled. Case variations, encoded keys, and duplicates are not removed, allowing attackers to bypass sanitization. This may lead to cache poisoning, parameter pollution, or denial of service.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "alt-design/alt-redirect"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.6.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-60868"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-13T13:23:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-10T14:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Alt Redirect 1.6.3 addon for Statamic fails to consistently strip query string parameters when the \"Query String Strip\" feature is enabled. Case variations, encoded keys, and duplicates are not removed, allowing attackers to bypass sanitization. This may lead to cache poisoning, parameter pollution, or denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-rpjr-pcmr-9ppw",
  "modified": "2025-10-14T17:40:22Z",
  "published": "2025-10-10T15:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60868"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/alt-design/Alt-Redirect-Addon/commit/5dc6753c7151ac994c63e18914998991b1f65cbd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/kasiasok/870933de18d1400fa8be88e1bcadec6c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/alt-design/Alt-Redirect-Addon"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/alt-design/Alt-Redirect-Addon/releases/tag/v1.6.4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://statamic.com/addons/alt-design/alt-redirects/release-notes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Alt Redirect: Potential Authentication Bypass by Spoofing  through query-string stripping logic flaw"
}

GHSA-RQPG-F8J3-2GM3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-13 00:34 – Updated: 2026-06-13 00:34
VLAI
Details

OpenClaw before 2026.5.3 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the allowFrom feature that binds to mutable Slack display names. Attackers with Slack account access can change display name metadata to match policy entries, potentially gaining unauthorized agent access intended for other identities.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
8.6 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T22:16:53Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "OpenClaw before 2026.5.3 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability in the allowFrom feature that binds to mutable Slack display names. Attackers with Slack account access can change display name metadata to match policy entries, potentially gaining unauthorized agent access intended for other identities.",
  "id": "GHSA-rqpg-f8j3-2gm3",
  "modified": "2026-06-13T00:34:31Z",
  "published": "2026-06-13T00:34:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-c29c-2q9c-pc86"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-privilege-escalation-via-mutable-slack-display-names-in-allowfrom"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RR4V-XRWQ-7RHX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-15 12:30 – Updated: 2024-02-16 15:30
VLAI
Details

An authentication bypass flaw was found in GRUB due to the way that GRUB uses the UUID of a device to search for the configuration file that contains the password hash for the GRUB password protection feature. An attacker capable of attaching an external drive such as a USB stick containing a file system with a duplicate UUID (the same as in the "/boot/" file system) can bypass the GRUB password protection feature on UEFI systems, which enumerate removable drives before non-removable ones. This issue was introduced in a downstream patch in Red Hat's version of grub2 and does not affect the upstream package.

Severity
5.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-4001"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-15T11:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An authentication bypass flaw was found in GRUB due to the way that GRUB uses the UUID of a device to search for the configuration file that contains the password hash for the GRUB password protection feature. An attacker capable of attaching an external drive such as a USB stick containing a file system with a duplicate UUID (the same as in the \"/boot/\" file system) can bypass the GRUB password protection feature on UEFI systems, which enumerate removable drives before non-removable ones. This issue was introduced in a downstream patch in Red Hat\u0027s version of grub2 and does not affect the upstream package.",
  "id": "GHSA-rr4v-xrwq-7rhx",
  "modified": "2024-02-16T15:30:26Z",
  "published": "2024-01-15T12:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0456"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2024:0468"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2023-4001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2224951"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://dfir.ru/2024/01/15/cve-2023-4001-a-vulnerability-in-the-downstream-grub-boot-manager"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3OBADMKHQLJOBA32Q7XPNSYMVHVAFDCB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CHLZQ47HM64NDOHMHYO7VIJFYD5ZPPYN"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240216-0006"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/01/15/3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-RR6V-3F8X-4HWG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

Foxit PDF Editor and Reader before 2025.2.1 allow signature spoofing via OCG. When Optional Content Groups (OCG) are supported, the state property of an OCG is runtime-only and not included in the digital signature computation buffer. An attacker can leverage JavaScript or PDF triggers to dynamically change the visibility of OCG content after signing (Post-Sign), allowing the visual content of a signed PDF to be modified without invalidating the signature. This may result in a mismatch between the signed content and what the signer or verifier sees, undermining the trustworthiness of the digital signature. The fixed versions are 2025.2.1, 14.0.1, and 13.2.1.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59802"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-11T16:16:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Foxit PDF Editor and Reader before 2025.2.1 allow signature spoofing via OCG. When Optional Content Groups (OCG) are supported, the state property of an OCG is runtime-only and not included in the digital signature computation buffer. An attacker can leverage JavaScript or PDF triggers to dynamically change the visibility of OCG content after signing (Post-Sign), allowing the visual content of a signed PDF to be modified without invalidating the signature. This may result in a mismatch between the signed content and what the signer or verifier sees, undermining the trustworthiness of the digital signature. The fixed versions are 2025.2.1, 14.0.1, and 13.2.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-rr6v-3f8x-4hwg",
  "modified": "2025-12-11T18:30:44Z",
  "published": "2025-12-11T18:30:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59802"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers

An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.

CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client

An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.

CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.

CAPEC-461: Web Services API Signature Forgery Leveraging Hash Function Extension Weakness

An adversary utilizes a hash function extension/padding weakness, to modify the parameters passed to the web service requesting authentication by generating their own call in order to generate a legitimate signature hash (as described in the notes), without knowledge of the secret token sometimes provided by the web service.

CAPEC-473: Signature Spoof

An attacker generates a message or datablock that causes the recipient to believe that the message or datablock was generated and cryptographically signed by an authoritative or reputable source, misleading a victim or victim operating system into performing malicious actions.

CAPEC-476: Signature Spoofing by Misrepresentation

An attacker exploits a weakness in the parsing or display code of the recipient software to generate a data blob containing a supposedly valid signature, but the signer's identity is falsely represented, which can lead to the attacker manipulating the recipient software or its victim user to perform compromising actions.

CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction

This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-667: Bluetooth Impersonation AttackS (BIAS)

An adversary disguises the MAC address of their Bluetooth enabled device to one for which there exists an active and trusted connection and authenticates successfully. The adversary can then perform malicious actions on the target Bluetooth device depending on the target’s capabilities.

CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)

An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.

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