Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-306

Allowed

Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

3465 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-MPCQ-QM9F-9QFJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 00:31 – Updated: 2025-12-31 00:31
VLAI
Details

Akuvox Smart Intercom S539 contains an unauthenticated vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access live video streams by requesting the video.cgi endpoint on port 8080. Attackers can retrieve video stream data without authentication by directly accessing the specified endpoint on affected Akuvox doorphone and intercom devices.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-58336"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T23:15:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Akuvox Smart Intercom S539 contains an unauthenticated vulnerability that allows remote attackers to access live video streams by requesting the video.cgi endpoint on port 8080. Attackers can retrieve video stream data without authentication by directly accessing the specified endpoint on affected Akuvox doorphone and intercom devices.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpcq-qm9f-9qfj",
  "modified": "2025-12-31T00:31:11Z",
  "published": "2025-12-31T00:31:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-58336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/180262"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/akuvox-smart-intercom-s-unauthenticated-video-stream-disclosure"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2024-5826.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MPQV-244M-CF9R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-26 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-07 18:31
VLAI
Details

OpenViking through version 0.1.18, prior to commit 0251c70, contains a broken access control vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to gain ROOT privileges when the root_api_key configuration is omitted. Attackers can send requests to protected endpoints without authentication headers to access administrative functions including account management, resource operations, and system configuration.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-22207"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-26T21:28:52Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "OpenViking through version 0.1.18, prior to commit\u00a00251c70,\u00a0contains a broken access control vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to gain ROOT privileges when the root_api_key configuration is omitted. Attackers can send requests to protected endpoints without authentication headers to access administrative functions including account management, resource operations, and system configuration.",
  "id": "GHSA-mpqv-244m-cf9r",
  "modified": "2026-04-07T18:31:29Z",
  "published": "2026-02-26T21:31:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/issues/302"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/pull/310"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/pull/310/changes/0251c7045b3f8092c4d2e1565115b1ba23db282f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/volcengine/OpenViking/commit/0251c7045b3f8092c4d2e1565115b1ba23db282f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openviking-missing-root-api-key-allows-anonymous-root-access"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQ4X-26C5-HG9P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:37
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in the Infosysta "In-App & Desktop Notifications" app 1.6.13_J8 for Jira. By using plugins/servlet/nfj/PushNotification?username= with a modified username, a different user's notifications can be read without authentication/authorization. These notifications are then no longer displayed to the normal user.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-16906"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-10-31T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in the Infosysta \"In-App \u0026 Desktop Notifications\" app 1.6.13_J8 for Jira. By using plugins/servlet/nfj/PushNotification?username= with a modified username, a different user\u0027s notifications can be read without authentication/authorization. These notifications are then no longer displayed to the normal user.",
  "id": "GHSA-mq4x-26c5-hg9p",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:37:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:00:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16906"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Nov/0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154991/Infosysta-Jira-1.6.13_J8-Push-Notification-Authentication-Bypass.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQGV-QM98-7W7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 00:30
VLAI
Details

General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway is missing critical authentication in the embedded web server which could allow an attacker to send GET requests to obtain sensitive device information.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59780"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-15T00:15:47Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway\u00a0is missing critical authentication in the embedded web server which \ncould allow an attacker to send GET requests to obtain sensitive device \ninformation.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqgv-qm98-7w7m",
  "modified": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
  "published": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59780"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-317-08.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-317-08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQJ4-JXHW-766G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-16 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-28 21:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Authentication vulnerability in upKeeper Solutions product upKeeper Manager allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects upKeeper Manager: through 5.1.9.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42462"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-16T14:15:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper Authentication vulnerability in upKeeper Solutions product upKeeper Manager allows Authentication Bypass.This issue affects upKeeper Manager: through 5.1.9.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqj4-jxhw-766g",
  "modified": "2024-08-28T21:31:27Z",
  "published": "2024-08-16T15:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42462"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.upkeeper.se/hc/en-us/articles/15432045399452-CVE-2024-42462-Bypass-multifactor-authentication"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQP5-VPV8-VHQM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-10 21:31 – Updated: 2024-09-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

An authentication bypass weakness in the message broker service of Ivanti Workspace Control version 10.18.0.0 and below allows a local authenticated attacker to escalate their privileges.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8012"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-288",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-10T21:15:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An authentication bypass weakness in the message broker service of Ivanti Workspace Control version 10.18.0.0 and below allows a local authenticated attacker to escalate their privileges.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqp5-vpv8-vhqm",
  "modified": "2024-09-10T21:31:40Z",
  "published": "2024-09-10T21:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8012"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://forums.ivanti.com/s/article/Security-Advisory-Ivanti-Workspace-Control-IWC"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MQXF-VWW6-RXWW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:34
VLAI
Details

The Rede Itaú for WooCommerce — Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the clearOrderLogs() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete the Rede Order Logs metadata from all WooCommerce orders.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-0942"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T07:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Rede Ita\u00fa for WooCommerce \u2014 Payment PIX, Credit Card and Debit plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the clearOrderLogs() function in all versions up to, and including, 5.1.2. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to delete the Rede Order Logs metadata from all WooCommerce orders.",
  "id": "GHSA-mqxf-vww6-rxww",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:34:02Z",
  "published": "2026-01-16T09:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0942"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-rede/tags/5.1.2/Includes/LknIntegrationRedeForWoocommerceWcEndpoint.php#L42"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/woo-rede/tags/5.1.2/Includes/LknIntegrationRedeForWoocommerceWcEndpoint.php#L58"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4927c060-f2b2-4916-b049-1442bba63e98?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR2J-X367-GMVC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:35 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:46
VLAI
Details

A potential security vulnerability has been identified in HPE Application Performance Management (BSM) Platform versions 9.26, 9.30, 9.40. The vulnerability could be remotely exploited to allow code execution.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-14350"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-09-30T01:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A potential security vulnerability has been identified in HPE Application Performance Management (BSM) Platform versions 9.26, 9.30, 9.40. The vulnerability could be remotely exploited to allow code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr2j-x367-gmvc",
  "modified": "2025-04-20T03:46:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:35:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14350"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://softwaresupport.hpe.com/km/KM02960811"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/100988"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-17-825"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-MR32-VWC2-5J6H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 16:45 – Updated: 2026-03-06 01:02
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw's Browser Relay /cdp websocket is missing auth which could allow cross-tab cookie access
Details

Summary

In affected versions, the Browser Relay /cdp WebSocket endpoint did not require an authentication token. As a result, a website running in the browser could potentially connect to the local relay (via loopback WebSocket) and use CDP to access cookies from other open tabs and run JavaScript in the context of other tabs.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • npm: openclaw >= 2026.1.20, < 2026.2.1
  • npm: moltbot <= 0.1.0

Details

The Chrome extension Browser Relay service exposes a local WebSocket endpoint at ws://127.0.0.1:18792/cdp (default port) for forwarding Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) messages.

In affected versions, the /cdp upgrade path verified the TCP peer was loopback but did not require a shared secret and did not block browser-initiated cross-origin requests.

Impact

  • Potential disclosure of sensitive information (for example, session cookies from other open tabs)
  • Potential JavaScript execution in the context of other open tabs

Users must have the Browser Relay extension installed and active, and must visit an untrusted site.

Fix

openclaw now requires a per-instance shared secret header for Browser Relay access: - HTTP header: x-openclaw-relay-token

It also rejects /cdp WebSocket upgrades when the Origin header is present but is not chrome-extension://..., and refuses /cdp connections unless the extension is connected.

Fix Commit(s)

  • a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c

Releases

  • openclaw@2026.2.1 includes the fix.
  • Latest published openclaw at time of writing: 2026.2.13.

Mitigation

  • Update to openclaw@>= 2026.2.1.
  • If you cannot update immediately, disable the Browser Relay extension / relay server and avoid visiting untrusted sites.

Thanks @johnatzeropath, @LeftenantZero, and @yueyueL for reporting.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2026.1.20"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "moltbot"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28458"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-17T16:45:47Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T22:16:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nIn affected versions, the Browser Relay `/cdp` WebSocket endpoint did not require an authentication token. As a result, a website running in the browser could potentially connect to the local relay (via loopback WebSocket) and use CDP to access cookies from other open tabs and run JavaScript in the context of other tabs.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- npm: `openclaw` `\u003e= 2026.1.20, \u003c 2026.2.1`\n- npm: `moltbot` `\u003c= 0.1.0`\n\n### Details\nThe Chrome extension Browser Relay service exposes a local WebSocket endpoint at `ws://127.0.0.1:18792/cdp` (default port) for forwarding Chrome DevTools Protocol (CDP) messages.\n\nIn affected versions, the `/cdp` upgrade path verified the TCP peer was loopback but did not require a shared secret and did not block browser-initiated cross-origin requests.\n\n### Impact\n- Potential disclosure of sensitive information (for example, session cookies from other open tabs)\n- Potential JavaScript execution in the context of other open tabs\n\nUsers must have the Browser Relay extension installed and active, and must visit an untrusted site.\n\n### Fix\n`openclaw` now requires a per-instance shared secret header for Browser Relay access:\n- HTTP header: `x-openclaw-relay-token`\n\nIt also rejects `/cdp` WebSocket upgrades when the Origin header is present but is not `chrome-extension://...`, and refuses `/cdp` connections unless the extension is connected.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c`\n\n### Releases\n- `openclaw@2026.2.1` includes the fix.\n- Latest published `openclaw` at time of writing: `2026.2.13`.\n\n### Mitigation\n- Update to `openclaw@\u003e= 2026.2.1`.\n- If you cannot update immediately, disable the Browser Relay extension / relay server and avoid visiting untrusted sites.\n\nThanks @johnatzeropath, @LeftenantZero, and @yueyueL for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-mr32-vwc2-5j6h",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T01:02:27Z",
  "published": "2026-02-17T16:45:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mr32-vwc2-5j6h"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28458"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a1e89afcc19efd641c02b24d66d689f181ae2b5c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.2.1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-missing-authentication-in-browser-relay-cdp-websocket-endpoint"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw\u0027s Browser Relay /cdp websocket is missing auth which could allow cross-tab cookie access"
}

GHSA-MRGC-J2HJ-4QQ8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:20 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:20
VLAI
Details

A missing authentication for appliance registration vulnerability in Trend Micro Email Encryption Gateway 5.5 could allow an attacker to manipulate the registration process of the product to reset configuration parameters.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-6223"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-03-15T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A missing authentication for appliance registration vulnerability in Trend Micro Email Encryption Gateway 5.5 could allow an attacker to manipulate the registration process of the product to reset configuration parameters.",
  "id": "GHSA-mrgc-j2hj-4qq8",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:20:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:20:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6223"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/1119349"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/trend-micro-email-encryption-gateway-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44166"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
  • Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
  • In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
  • In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].

CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values

An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.

CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation

An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.

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