Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-306

Allowed

Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

3465 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PFFP-QX9Q-H7V4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-26 18:30
VLAI
Details

Screen SFT DAB 600/C firmware versions up to and including 1.9.3 contain an improper access control on the user management API allows unauthenticated requests to retrieve structured user data, including account names and connection metadata such as client IP and timeout values.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-7328"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-14T23:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Screen SFT DAB 600/C firmware versions up to and including 1.9.3 contain an improper access control on the user management API allows unauthenticated requests to retrieve structured user data, including account names and connection metadata such as client IP and timeout values.",
  "id": "GHSA-pffp-qx9q-h7v4",
  "modified": "2025-12-26T18:30:24Z",
  "published": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7328"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/172332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dbbroadcast.com/products/radio/sft-dab-series-compact-air"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51460"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/screen-sft-dab-600c-unauthenticated-information-disclosure"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2023-5776.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFQ8-M2Q4-6WMH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-29 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-09 21:31
VLAI
Details

Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 25.1.102 and Application prior to version 25.1.1413 (VA/SaaS deployments) contain a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability. The console_release directory is reachable from the internet without any authentication. Inside that directory are dozens of PHP scripts that build URLs from user‑controlled values and then invoke either 'curl_exec()orfile_get_contents()without proper validation. Although many files attempt to mitigate SSRF by callingfilter_var', the checks are incomplete. Because the endpoint is unauthenticated, any remote attacker can supply a hostname and cause the server to issue requests to internal resources. This enables internal network reconnaissance, potential pivoting, or data exfiltration. This vulnerability has been confirmed to be remediated, but it is unclear as to when the patch was introduced.

Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
8.8 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-34225"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306",
      "CWE-918"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-29T21:15:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 25.1.102\u00a0and Application prior to version 25.1.1413\u00a0(VA/SaaS deployments) contain a server-side request forgery (SSRF) vulnerability. The `console_release` directory is reachable from the internet without any authentication.  Inside that directory are dozens of PHP scripts that build URLs from user\u2011controlled values and then invoke either \u0027curl_exec()` or `file_get_contents()` without proper validation.\u00a0Although many files attempt to mitigate SSRF by calling `filter_var\u0027, the checks are incomplete. Because the endpoint is unauthenticated, any remote attacker can supply a hostname and cause the server to issue requests to internal resources. This enables internal network reconnaissance, potential pivoting, or data exfiltration. This vulnerability has been confirmed to be remediated, but it is unclear as to when the patch was introduced.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfq8-m2q4-6wmh",
  "modified": "2025-10-09T21:31:09Z",
  "published": "2025-09-29T21:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34225"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.printerlogic.com/saas/Print/Security/Security-Bulletins.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://help.printerlogic.com/va/Print/Security/Security-Bulletins.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pierrekim.github.io/blog/2025-04-08-vasion-printerlogic-83-vulnerabilities.html#va-ssrf-03"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vasion-print-printerlogic-ssrf-via-console-release-directory"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFV4-P727-HWGQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2024-09-25 12:30
VLAI
Details

Missing authentication in the GetLogFiles method in IDAttend’s IDWeb application 3.1.052 and earlier allows retrieval of sensitive log files by unauthenticated attackers.

Severity
5.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27256"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:26Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Missing authentication in the GetLogFiles   method in IDAttend\u2019s IDWeb application 3.1.052 and earlier allows retrieval of sensitive log files by unauthenticated attackers.  ",
  "id": "GHSA-pfv4-p727-hwgq",
  "modified": "2024-09-25T12:30:40Z",
  "published": "2023-10-25T18:32:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27256"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.themissinglink.com.au/security-advisories/cve-2023-27256"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PFV7-RR5M-QMV6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:42 – Updated: 2026-03-03 21:42
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw has auth inconsistency on local Browser Extension Relay /extension endpoint
Details

Summary

When the optional Chrome extension relay is enabled, /extension accepted unauthenticated WebSocket upgrades while /json/* and /cdp required auth.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Affected: <= 2026.2.17
  • Latest published npm version at triage time: 2026.2.17

Impact

This is a local-only issue on loopback (127.0.0.1) and only applies when the extension relay feature is in use. A local process on the same machine could connect to /extension without the token and interfere with extension-relay behavior.

No remote network exploit path is involved.

Fix

  • Require gateway-token auth on both /extension and /cdp relay WebSocket endpoints.
  • Keep loopback/origin checks as defense-in-depth, not as authentication.
  • Use one token path in setup: gateway.auth.token / OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 7e54b6c96feb1a5c30884f2b32037b8dadd0e532

OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.

Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.2.19"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T21:42:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nWhen the optional Chrome extension relay is enabled, `/extension` accepted unauthenticated WebSocket upgrades while `/json/*` and `/cdp` required auth.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected: `\u003c= 2026.2.17`\n- Latest published npm version at triage time: `2026.2.17`\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is a local-only issue on loopback (`127.0.0.1`) and only applies when the extension relay feature is in use. A local process on the same machine could connect to `/extension` without the token and interfere with extension-relay behavior.\n\nNo remote network exploit path is involved.\n\n### Fix\n\n- Require gateway-token auth on both `/extension` and `/cdp` relay WebSocket endpoints.\n- Keep loopback/origin checks as defense-in-depth, not as authentication.\n- Use one token path in setup: `gateway.auth.token` / `OPENCLAW_GATEWAY_TOKEN`.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `7e54b6c96feb1a5c30884f2b32037b8dadd0e532`\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfv7-rr5m-qmv6",
  "modified": "2026-03-03T21:42:27Z",
  "published": "2026-03-03T21:42:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-pfv7-rr5m-qmv6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/7e54b6c96feb1a5c30884f2b32037b8dadd0e532"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw has auth inconsistency on local Browser Extension Relay /extension endpoint"
}

GHSA-PFXC-95P3-JHV6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:38
VLAI
Details

Computing For Good's Basic Laboratory Information System (also known as C4G BLIS) version 3.5 and earlier suffers from an instance of CWE-284, "Improper Access Control." As a result, an unauthenticated user may alter several facets of a user account, including promoting any user to an administrator.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-5644"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-11-06T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Computing For Good\u0027s Basic Laboratory Information System (also known as C4G BLIS) version 3.5 and earlier suffers from an instance of CWE-284, \"Improper Access Control.\" As a result, an unauthenticated user may alter several facets of a user account, including promoting any user to an administrator.",
  "id": "GHSA-pfxc-95p3-jhv6",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T02:38:35Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:00:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5644"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2019/09/10/r7-2019-09-cve-2019-5617-cve-2019-5643-cve-2019-5644-c4g-blis-authentication-and-authorization-vulnerabilities-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PG72-CM62-849Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:14
VLAI
Details

SAP Solution Manager (Diagnostics Agent), version 7.2, does not perform the authentication check for the functionalities of the Collector Simulator, leading to Missing Authentication.

Severity
8.6 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-6235"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-04-14T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP Solution Manager (Diagnostics Agent), version 7.2, does not perform the authentication check for the functionalities of the Collector Simulator, leading to Missing Authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-pg72-cm62-849q",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:14:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:14:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6235"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/2906994"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=544214202"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PGFF-HRQV-M9QW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details

D-Link D-View shutdown_coreserver Missing Authentication Denial-of-Service Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations of D-Link D-View. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the shutdown_coreserver action. The issue results from the lack of authentication prior to allowing access to functionality. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to create a denial-of-service condition on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-19572.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-44413"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "D-Link D-View shutdown_coreserver Missing Authentication Denial-of-Service Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to create a denial-of-service condition on affected installations of D-Link D-View. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the shutdown_coreserver action. The issue results from the lack of authentication prior to allowing access to functionality. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to create a denial-of-service condition on the system. Was ZDI-CAN-19572.",
  "id": "GHSA-pgff-hrqv-m9qw",
  "modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:04Z",
  "published": "2024-05-03T03:31:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44413"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1511"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PGJ3-FH25-FQR8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-26 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-26 15:30
VLAI
Details

A missing authentication for critical function vulnerability has been reported to affect myQNAPcloud Link. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users with the privilege level of some functionality via a network.

We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: myQNAPcloud Link 2.4.51 and later

Severity
9.9 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32764"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-26T15:15:48Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A missing authentication for critical function vulnerability has been reported to affect myQNAPcloud Link. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow users with the privilege level of some functionality via a network.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nmyQNAPcloud Link 2.4.51 and later\n",
  "id": "GHSA-pgj3-fh25-fqr8",
  "modified": "2024-04-26T15:30:33Z",
  "published": "2024-04-26T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32764"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-24-09"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PH29-G65G-M574

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-10 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-10 00:31
VLAI
Details

Hermes WebUI before 0.51.788 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by accessing the embedded terminal API endpoints without credentials. Attackers can create a session, attach a PTY shell, and write arbitrary commands through the terminal input endpoint to achieve full command execution as the server process user via four sequential unauthenticated HTTP requests.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3 (Critical)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58123"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T22:17:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Hermes WebUI before 0.51.788 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary shell commands by accessing the embedded terminal API endpoints without credentials. Attackers can create a session, attach a PTY shell, and write arbitrary commands through the terminal input endpoint to achieve full command execution as the server process user via four sequential unauthenticated HTTP requests.",
  "id": "GHSA-ph29-g65g-m574",
  "modified": "2026-07-10T00:31:27Z",
  "published": "2026-07-10T00:31:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58123"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/pull/5268"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/commit/d257e5f36cfa9328600c8bde6f0de09a6ad9b6f4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nesquena/hermes-webui/releases/tag/v0.51.788"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/hermes-webui-unauthenticated-rce-via-terminal-api"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PH65-XPV9-V765

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2023-02-01 15:30
VLAI
Details

TP-LINK TL-WR849N 0.9.1 4.16 devices do not require authentication to replace the firmware via a POST request to the cgi/softup URI.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-19143"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-01-27T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "TP-LINK TL-WR849N 0.9.1 4.16 devices do not require authentication to replace the firmware via a POST request to the cgi/softup URI.",
  "id": "GHSA-ph65-xpv9-v765",
  "modified": "2023-02-01T15:30:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:07:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19143"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fireshellsecurity.team/hack-n-routers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156586/TP-Link-TL-WR849N-0.9.1-4.16-Authentication-Bypass.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
  • Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
  • In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
  • In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].

CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values

An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.

CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation

An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.

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