Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-306

Allowed

Missing Authentication for Critical Function

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.

3449 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-V3R5-HC9J-49G7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

PACSgear PACS Scan 5.2.1 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to read and write arbitrary files by exploiting an exposed .NET Remoting TCP service on port 22222 via PGImageExchQueue.exe without any authentication requirement. Attackers can chain the arbitrary file write primitive with DLL hijacking in PGImageExchangeQueueSvc.exe, which loads missing DLLs such as CRYPTSP.DLL from the application directory, to achieve remote code execution as NT Authority\SYSTEM upon service restart.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-58126"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T16:16:51Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "PACSgear PACS Scan 5.2.1 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulnerability that allows remote attackers to read and write arbitrary files by exploiting an exposed .NET Remoting TCP service on port 22222 via PGImageExchQueue.exe without any authentication requirement. Attackers can chain the arbitrary file write primitive with DLL hijacking in PGImageExchangeQueueSvc.exe, which loads missing DLLs such as CRYPTSP.DLL from the application directory, to achieve remote code execution as NT Authority\\SYSTEM upon service restart.",
  "id": "GHSA-v3r5-hc9j-49g7",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:50Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T18:31:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-58126"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/VAMorales/6dc232729cdd517fa30d581fbcd98d8f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.hyland.com/en/solutions/products/pacsgear"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/pacsgear-pacs-scan-unauthenticated-rce-via-net-remoting-tcp-service"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V3X9-33C3-3V3M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 12:30 – Updated: 2026-03-02 12:30
VLAI
Details

The vulnerability enables an attacker to fully bypass authentication in CGM CLININET and gain access to any active user account by supplying only the username, without requiring a password or any other credentials. Obtaining a session ID is sufficient for session takeover and grants access to the system with the privileges of the targeted user.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30035"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-02T12:16:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The vulnerability enables an attacker to fully bypass authentication in CGM CLININET and gain access to any active user account by supplying only the username, without requiring a password or any other credentials. Obtaining a session ID is sufficient for session takeover and grants access to the system with the privileges of the targeted user.",
  "id": "GHSA-v3x9-33c3-3v3m",
  "modified": "2026-03-02T12:30:27Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T12:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2026/03/CVE-2025-10350"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://https://www.cgm.com/pol_pl/products/szpital/cgm-clininet.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V435-3JG8-VQ2R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-29 00:01
VLAI
Details

When connecting to a certain port Axeda agent (All versions) and Axeda Desktop Server for Windows (All versions) may allow an attacker to send certain XML messages to a specific port without proper authentication. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to read and modify the affected product’s configuration.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25251"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-16T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "When connecting to a certain port Axeda agent (All versions) and Axeda Desktop Server for Windows (All versions) may allow an attacker to send certain XML messages to a specific port without proper authentication. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to read and modify the affected product\u2019s configuration.",
  "id": "GHSA-v435-3jg8-vq2r",
  "modified": "2022-03-29T00:01:39Z",
  "published": "2022-03-17T00:00:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-067-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article/CS363561"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V44R-R7PP-7R2W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-23 15:30 – Updated: 2025-04-02 18:30
VLAI
Details

ONLYOFFICE all versions as of 2021-11-08 is affected by Incorrect Access Control. An authentication bypass in the document editor allows attackers to edit documents without authentication.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43447"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-23T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ONLYOFFICE all versions as of 2021-11-08 is affected by Incorrect Access Control. An authentication bypass in the document editor allows attackers to edit documents without authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-v44r-r7pp-7r2w",
  "modified": "2025-04-02T18:30:39Z",
  "published": "2023-01-23T15:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ONLYOFFICE/server"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://labs.nettitude.com/blog/exploiting-onlyoffice-web-sockets-for-unauthenticated-remote-code-execution"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.onlyoffice.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V4F9-5946-4V4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-30 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-30 21:02
VLAI
Details

Sourcecodester Online Medicine Ordering System 1.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. There is a lack of authorization checks for admin operations. Specifically, an attacker can perform admin-level actions without possessing a valid session token. The application does not verify whether the user is logged in as an admin or even check for a session token at all.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-46293"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-30T15:15:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Sourcecodester Online Medicine Ordering System 1.0 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. There is a lack of authorization checks for admin operations. Specifically, an attacker can perform admin-level actions without possessing a valid session token. The application does not verify whether the user is logged in as an admin or even check for a session token at all.",
  "id": "GHSA-v4f9-5946-4v4f",
  "modified": "2024-09-30T21:02:12Z",
  "published": "2024-09-30T15:30:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46293"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bunyamindemir/vulnerability-disclosures/blob/main/omos-authorization-bypass.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V4FH-4PMV-92GC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:11
VLAI
Details

Zoho ManageEngine Applications Manager 14590 and before allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to disclose license related information via WieldFeedServlet servlet

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-19799"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-13T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Zoho ManageEngine Applications Manager 14590 and before allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to disclose license related information via WieldFeedServlet servlet",
  "id": "GHSA-v4fh-4pmv-92gc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:11:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:11:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-19799"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/eLeN3Re/cve-2019-19799"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.manageengine.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.manageengine.com/products/applications_manager/security-updates/security-updates-cve-2019-19799.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V4P5-W6R3-2X4F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-10 00:27 – Updated: 2026-02-10 02:57
VLAI
Summary
FUXA Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Node-RED Integration
Details

Summary

Description An authentication bypass vulnerability in FUXA allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server when the Node-RED plugin is enabled. This affects FUXA version 1.2.8 through version 1.2.10. This has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11.

Impact

This affects all deployments with the Node-RED plugin enabled, including those with runtime.settings.secureEnabled set to true.

Exploitation allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send a specially crafted request to the /nodered/flows endpoint to bypass authentication checks, granting the attacker administrative access to the Node-RED deployment API. By submitting a malicious flow configuration, an attacker can execute arbitrary code in the context of the FUXA service. Depending on deployment configuration and permissions, this may lead to full system compromise and could further expose connected ICS/SCADA environments to follow-on actions.

Patches

This issue has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11. Users are strongly encouraged to update to the latest available release.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "fuxa-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.2.8"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.2.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25938"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-290",
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-10T00:27:31Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-09T23:16:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\n**Description**\nAn authentication bypass vulnerability in FUXA allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server when the Node-RED plugin is enabled. This affects FUXA version 1.2.8 through version 1.2.10. This has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11.\n\n### Impact\nThis affects all deployments with the Node-RED plugin enabled, including those with `runtime.settings.secureEnabled` set to true.\n\nExploitation allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send a specially crafted request to the `/nodered/flows` endpoint to bypass authentication checks, granting the attacker administrative access to the Node-RED deployment API. By submitting a malicious flow configuration, an attacker can execute arbitrary code in the context of the FUXA service. Depending on deployment configuration and permissions, this may lead to full system compromise and could further expose connected ICS/SCADA environments to follow-on actions.\n\n### Patches\nThis issue has been patched in FUXA version 1.2.11. Users are strongly encouraged to update to the latest available release.",
  "id": "GHSA-v4p5-w6r3-2x4f",
  "modified": "2026-02-10T02:57:49Z",
  "published": "2026-02-10T00:27:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/security/advisories/GHSA-v4p5-w6r3-2x4f"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25938"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/commit/5e7679b09718534e4501a146fdfe093da29af336"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/frangoteam/FUXA/releases/tag/v1.2.11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "FUXA Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution in Node-RED Integration"
}

GHSA-V4Q3-4WC9-GF9F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-26 00:01 – Updated: 2022-06-04 00:00
VLAI
Details

An external config control vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine SecureAddUser functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform V16.00.0112. A specially-crafted series of network requests can lead to the creation of an OAS user account. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-26303"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-25T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An external config control vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine SecureAddUser functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform V16.00.0112. A specially-crafted series of network requests can lead to the creation of an OAS user account. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-v4q3-4wc9-gf9f",
  "modified": "2022-06-04T00:00:56Z",
  "published": "2022-05-26T00:01:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26303"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1488"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V4X2-MQQ5-6XQV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-03 21:31
VLAI
Details

A specific administrative endpoint notifications is accessible without proper authentication.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28767"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-03T21:17:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A specific administrative endpoint notifications is accessible without proper authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-v4x2-mqq5-6xqv",
  "modified": "2026-04-03T21:31:43Z",
  "published": "2026-04-03T21:31:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28767"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-055-03.json"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mygardyn.com/security"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-055-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V55W-RVX7-PQ26

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 15:31
VLAI
Details

A missing authentication for critical function vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2.9 through 6.2.17 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-53847"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-306"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-14T16:16:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A missing authentication for critical function vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiOS 6.2.9 through 6.2.17 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets.",
  "id": "GHSA-v55w-rvx7-pq26",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T15:31:15Z",
  "published": "2026-04-14T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-53847"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-975644.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-26-125"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
  • Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
  • In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
  • In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
  • For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].

CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier

This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.

CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values

An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.

CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation

An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.

CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality

An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.