CWE-346
Allowed-with-ReviewOrigin Validation Error
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
779 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-WW75-9MPC-WVR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31Inappropriate implementation in NFC in Google Chrome on Android prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13887"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in NFC in Google Chrome on Android prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-ww75-9mpc-wvr2",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T00:34:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/500508524"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWFF-QQFJ-CV2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-23 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:53Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Zscaler Client Connector on Linux allows Inclusion of Code in Existing Process. This issue affects Zscaler Client Connector for Linux: before 1.3.1.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28795"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-23T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Zscaler Client Connector on Linux allows Inclusion of Code in Existing Process. This issue affects Zscaler Client Connector for Linux: before 1.3.1.6.\n\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-wwff-qqfj-cv2g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:53:03Z",
"published": "2023-10-23T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28795"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://help.zscaler.com/client-connector/client-connector-app-release-summary-2022?applicable_category=Linux\u0026applicable_version=1.3.1\u0026deployment_date=2022-09-19"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWPQ-HGFX-QQ8X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:15 – Updated: 2024-02-08 21:30The default configuration for the domain name resolver for Microsoft Windows 98, NT 4.0, 2000, and XP sets the QueryIpMatching parameter to 0, which causes Windows to accept DNS updates from hosts that it did not query, which allows remote attackers to poison the DNS cache.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2000-1218"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2000-04-14T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The default configuration for the domain name resolver for Microsoft Windows 98, NT 4.0, 2000, and XP sets the QueryIpMatching parameter to 0, which causes Windows to accept DNS updates from hosts that it did not query, which allows remote attackers to poison the DNS cache.",
"id": "GHSA-wwpq-hgfx-qq8x",
"modified": "2024-02-08T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:15:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2000-1218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/4280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/458659"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WWR3-9QHX-Q62F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32A logic issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iCloud for Windows 7.17, iTunes 12.10.4 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 10.9.2, tvOS 13.3.1, Safari 13.0.5, iOS 13.3.1 and iPadOS 13.3.1. A DOM object context may not have had a unique security origin.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3864"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-27T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved validation. This issue is fixed in iCloud for Windows 7.17, iTunes 12.10.4 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 10.9.2, tvOS 13.3.1, Safari 13.0.5, iOS 13.3.1 and iPadOS 13.3.1. A DOM object context may not have had a unique security origin.",
"id": "GHSA-wwr3-9qhx-q62f",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3864"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210918"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210920"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT210948"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-WX4C-59W2-PW86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-18 21:30An issue in kodbox v.1.52.04 and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the captcha feature in the password reset function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51037"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-15T19:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in kodbox v.1.52.04 and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the captcha feature in the password reset function.",
"id": "GHSA-wx4c-59w2-pw86",
"modified": "2024-11-18T21:30:45Z",
"published": "2024-11-15T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51037"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kalcaddle/kodbox"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tommonkey.cn/2024/11/13/CVE-2024-51037-Disclosed"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://kodbox.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXHG-Q73J-67J9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-30 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-30 15:30A vulnerability exists in the too permissive HTTP response header web server settings of the SDM600. An attacker can take advantage of this and possibly carry out privileged actions and access sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2377"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-30T13:15:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in the too permissive HTTP response header web server settings of the SDM600. An attacker can take advantage of this and possibly carry out privileged actions and access sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-wxhg-q73j-67j9",
"modified": "2024-04-30T15:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-04-30T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://publisher.hitachienergy.com/preview?DocumentId=8DBD000191\u0026languageCode=en\u0026Preview=true"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-WXPC-2674-RXVW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-21 16:59A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) vulnerability exists in feast-dev/feast version 0.40.0. The CORS configuration on the agentscope server does not properly restrict access to only trusted origins, allowing any external domain to make requests to the API. This can bypass intended security controls and potentially expose sensitive information.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "feast"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.40.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11602"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-03-21T16:59:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) vulnerability exists in feast-dev/feast version 0.40.0. The CORS configuration on the agentscope server does not properly restrict access to only trusted origins, allowing any external domain to make requests to the API. This can bypass intended security controls and potentially expose sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-wxpc-2674-rxvw",
"modified": "2025-03-21T16:59:37Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11602"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/feast-dev/feast"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/7b24ecbe-0af7-4125-ab56-bce09786042e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Feast Cross-Origin Resource Sharing vulnerability"
}
GHSA-X299-8CCG-M7C3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2023-02-15 03:30A security vulnerability exists in the Zingbox Inspector versions 1.293 and earlier, that could allow an attacker to supply an invalid software update image to the Zingbox Inspector that could result in command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-09T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability exists in the Zingbox Inspector versions 1.293 and earlier, that could allow an attacker to supply an invalid software update image to the Zingbox Inspector that could result in command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-x299-8ccg-m7c3",
"modified": "2023-02-15T03:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2019-15020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securityadvisories.paloaltonetworks.com/Home/Detail/185"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X369-MCW8-8RVJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-04 18:18 – Updated: 2026-03-05 15:26Description
Dark Reader versions prior to 4.9.117 included a behavior where a website could request a style sheet from a locally running web server, for example http://localhost:8080/style.css, If an address was available and returned a text/css content type.
Patches
The problem was fixed in version 4.9.117, released on December 3, 2025. Most users received the update automatically. Users running manual builds must upgrade to version 4.9.117 or later.
The installed extension version number can be verified in Dark Reader's menu (More > All settings > About), browser settings, chrome://extensions or about:addons pages.
Users are encouraged not to disable automatic extension updates and use the latest browser version, as browser releases typically include multiple security fixes of varying severity.
NPM package
The issue does not affect developers using the darkreader NPM package for website integration. Developers using the setFetchMethod() API must ensure the cross-origin requests are restricted to the intended scope.
Custom forks
Developers using custom forks of earlier versions of Dark Reader to build other extensions, or integrating it into their apps or browsers, should review their implementation to ensure cross-origin requests are handled securely.
Acknowledgements
Security research performed by Brian Carpenter - Deep Fork Cyber.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "darkreader"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.9.117"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68467"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-346",
"CWE-668"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-04T18:18:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T22:16:11Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Description\nDark Reader versions prior to 4.9.117 included a behavior where a website could request a style sheet from a locally running web server, for example `http://localhost:8080/style.css`, If an address was available and returned a `text/css` content type.\n\n### Patches\nThe problem was fixed in version 4.9.117, released on December 3, 2025. Most users received the update automatically. Users running manual builds must upgrade to version 4.9.117 or later.\n\nThe installed extension version number can be verified in Dark Reader\u0027s menu (More \u003e All settings \u003e About), browser settings, `chrome://extensions` or `about:addons` pages.\n\nUsers are encouraged not to disable automatic extension updates and use the latest browser version, as browser releases typically include multiple security fixes of varying severity.\n\n### NPM package\n\nThe issue does not affect developers using the `darkreader` NPM package for website integration. Developers using the `setFetchMethod()` API must ensure the cross-origin requests are restricted to the intended scope.\n\n### Custom forks\n\nDevelopers using custom forks of earlier versions of Dark Reader to build other extensions, or integrating it into their apps or browsers, should review their implementation to ensure cross-origin requests are handled securely.\n\n### Acknowledgements\nSecurity research performed by [Brian Carpenter](https://x.com/geeknik) - [Deep Fork Cyber](https://deepforkcyber.com/).",
"id": "GHSA-x369-mcw8-8rvj",
"modified": "2026-03-05T15:26:18Z",
"published": "2026-03-04T18:18:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/darkreader/darkreader/security/advisories/GHSA-x369-mcw8-8rvj"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68467"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/darkreader/darkreader"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Dark Reader gives users the ability to request style sheets from local web servers"
}
GHSA-X3MF-C66J-H6VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31Inappropriate implementation in WebAppInstalls in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13881"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in WebAppInstalls in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-x3mf-c66j-h6vv",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T00:34:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13881"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/499100491"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.