CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14231 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HMR2-JQQV-R579
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 06:30 – Updated: 2025-04-07 06:30Permissive Cross-domain Policy with Untrusted Domains vulnerability in local API server of DestinyECM solution(versions described below) which is developed and maintained by Cyberdigm may allow Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack, which probabilistically enables JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking) via forgery web page.* Due to product customization, version information may differ from the following version description. For further inquiries, please contact the vendor.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-11071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T06:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Permissive Cross-domain Policy with Untrusted Domains vulnerability in local API server of DestinyECM solution(versions described below) which is developed and maintained by\u00a0Cyberdigm may allow Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attack, which probabilistically enables JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking) via forgery web page.* Due to product customization, version information may differ from the following version description. For further inquiries, please contact the vendor.",
"id": "GHSA-hmr2-jqqv-r579",
"modified": "2025-04-07T06:30:28Z",
"published": "2025-04-07T06:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cyberdigm.co.kr/destinyEcm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMRJ-V2V6-QP25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-23 12:32 – Updated: 2026-07-23 12:32Unauthenticated Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in Simple Link Directory Pro <= 15.0.8 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61981"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-23T12:18:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in Simple Link Directory Pro \u003c= 15.0.8 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-hmrj-v2v6-qp25",
"modified": "2026-07-23T12:32:26Z",
"published": "2026-07-23T12:32:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61981"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/simple-link-directory-pro/vulnerability/wordpress-simple-link-directory-pro-plugin-15-0-8-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HMRX-6PR5-HPWJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-22 18:32 – Updated: 2025-04-28 19:29Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the content page editor in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.103, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.2, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.5, 7.4 GA through update 92 and 7.3 update 29 through update 35 allows remote attackers to (1) change user passwords, (2) shut down the server, (3) execute arbitrary code in the scripting console, (4) and perform other administrative actions via the _com_liferay_commerce_catalog_web_internal_portlet_CommerceCatalogsPortlet_redirect parameter.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.portal.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4.3.104"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2023.Q4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2023.Q4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2023.Q3.1"
},
{
"fixed": "2023.Q3.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.4u92"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.4.GA"
},
{
"fixed": "7.4u93"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.liferay.portal:release.dxp.bom"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.3u29"
},
{
"fixed": "7.3u36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-28T19:29:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-22T15:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the content page editor in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.103, and Liferay DXP 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.2, 2023.Q3.1 through 2023.Q3.5, 7.4 GA through update 92 and 7.3 update 29 through update 35 allows remote attackers to (1) change user passwords, (2) shut down the server, (3) execute arbitrary code in the scripting console, (4) and perform other administrative actions via the `_com_liferay_commerce_catalog_web_internal_portlet_CommerceCatalogsPortlet_redirect` parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-hmrx-6pr5-hpwj",
"modified": "2025-04-28T19:29:54Z",
"published": "2024-10-22T18:32:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26273"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/liferay/liferay-portal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://liferay.dev/portal/security/known-vulnerabilities/-/asset_publisher/jekt/content/CVE-2024-26273"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Liferay Portal and Liferay DXP Vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) via the Content Page Editor"
}
GHSA-HMW6-R547-42FR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 18:30 – Updated: 2023-07-12 22:31Jenkins Pipeline restFul API Plugin 0.11 and earlier does not require POST requests for an HTTP endpoint, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
This vulnerability allows attackers to have Jenkins connect to an attacker-specified URL, capturing a newly generated JCLI token that allows impersonating the victim.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "io.jenkins.plugins:pipeline-restful-api"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-12T22:31:55Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T16:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Pipeline restFul API Plugin 0.11 and earlier does not require POST requests for an HTTP endpoint, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nThis vulnerability allows attackers to have Jenkins connect to an attacker-specified URL, capturing a newly generated JCLI token that allows impersonating the victim.",
"id": "GHSA-hmw6-r547-42fr",
"modified": "2023-07-12T22:31:55Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2023-07-12/#SECURITY-3126"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/07/12/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Pipeline restFul API Plugin vulnerable to Cross Site Request Forgery"
}
GHSA-HMX8-R748-3CRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:52 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:52Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Command School Student Management System 1.06.01 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of (1) administrators for requests that change the administrator password via an update action to sw/admin_change_password.php or (2) unspecified victims for requests that add a topic or blog entry to sw/add_topic.php. NOTE: vector 2 can be leveraged to bypass the authentication requirements for exploiting vector 1 in CVE-2014-1914.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-1915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-02-07T15:48:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Command School Student Management System 1.06.01 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of (1) administrators for requests that change the administrator password via an update action to sw/admin_change_password.php or (2) unspecified victims for requests that add a topic or blog entry to sw/add_topic.php. NOTE: vector 2 can be leveraged to bypass the authentication requirements for exploiting vector 1 in CVE-2014-1914.",
"id": "GHSA-hmx8-r748-3crv",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:52:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:52:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/101889"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/101890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/124708/Command-School-Student-Management-System-1.06.01-SQL-Injection-CSRF-XSS.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/64707"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HMXF-3R58-8G5V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38The Elementor Contact Form DB plugin before 1.6 for WordPress allows CSRF via backend admin pages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-12T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Elementor Contact Form DB plugin before 1.6 for WordPress allows CSRF via backend admin pages.",
"id": "GHSA-hmxf-3r58-8g5v",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:38:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisory.checkmarx.net/advisory/CX-2020-4293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2454670"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/sb-elementor-contact-form-db/#developers"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HP2Q-QH64-CGFW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:30 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:30The integrated web server in Siemens RUGGEDCOM ROX I (all versions) at port 10000/TCP could allow remote attackers to perform actions with the privileges of an authenticated user, provided the targeted user has an active session and is induced into clicking on a malicious link or into visiting a malicious website, aka CSRF.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2688"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-03-29T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The integrated web server in Siemens RUGGEDCOM ROX I (all versions) at port 10000/TCP could allow remote attackers to perform actions with the privileges of an authenticated user, provided the targeted user has an active session and is induced into clicking on a malicious link or into visiting a malicious website, aka CSRF.",
"id": "GHSA-hp2q-qh64-cgfw",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:30:17Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2688"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-087-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.siemens.com/cert/pool/cert/siemens_security_advisory_ssa-327980.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038160"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HP3J-WM2J-68H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:22 – Updated: 2026-06-22 21:30In MISP before 2.4.129, setting a favourite homepage was not CSRF protected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15711"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-14T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In MISP before 2.4.129, setting a favourite homepage was not CSRF protected.",
"id": "GHSA-hp3j-wm2j-68h5",
"modified": "2026-06-22T21:30:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:22:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/bf4610c947c7dc372c4078f363d2dff6ae0703a8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MISP/MISP/compare/v2.4.128...v2.4.129"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HP3V-WP32-953H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 12:40 – Updated: 2026-06-19 14:51Cotonti 1.0.0 (master branch, commit f43f1fc3) is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in the Personal File Storage (PFS) module. In modules/pfs/inc/pfs.editfolder.php, the folder update action ('a=update') updates folder metadata (title, description, public/gallery flags) without calling cot_check_xg() to validate the anti-CSRF token. A remote attacker who lures an authenticated user into visiting a malicious page can force the browser to submit a forged request that modifies the victim's folder metadata, including making a private folder public.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "cotonti/cotonti"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55745"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T14:51:18Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-18T08:16:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cotonti 1.0.0 (master branch, commit f43f1fc3) is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in the Personal File Storage (PFS) module. In modules/pfs/inc/pfs.editfolder.php, the folder update action (\u0027a=update\u0027) updates folder metadata (title, description, public/gallery flags) without calling cot_check_xg() to validate the anti-CSRF token. A remote attacker who lures an authenticated user into visiting a malicious page can force the browser to submit a forged request that modifies the victim\u0027s folder metadata, including making a private folder public.",
"id": "GHSA-hp3v-wp32-953h",
"modified": "2026-06-19T14:51:18Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T12:40:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55745"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cotonti/Cotonti/blob/f43f1fc38ba4e02027786dad9dac1435c7c52b30/modules/pfs/inc/pfs.editfolder.php#L90"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Cotonti: Cross-Site Request Forgery in the Personal File Storage (PFS) module"
}
GHSA-HP49-C946-WFM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-05 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WhiteWP White Label – WordPress Custom Admin, Custom Login Page, and Custom Dashboard.This issue affects White Label – WordPress Custom Admin, Custom Login Page, and Custom Dashboard: from n/a through 2.9.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-52128"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-05T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WhiteWP White Label \u2013 WordPress Custom Admin, Custom Login Page, and Custom Dashboard.This issue affects White Label \u2013 WordPress Custom Admin, Custom Login Page, and Custom Dashboard: from n/a through 2.9.0.",
"id": "GHSA-hp49-c946-wfm3",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:42Z",
"published": "2024-01-05T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-52128"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/white-label/wordpress-white-label-plugin-2-9-0-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.