Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-352

Allowed

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)

Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable

The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.

14231 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QFMF-XG7V-F7X3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:25 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:25
VLAI
Details

Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the administrative interface for the TeraStation HD-HTGL firmware 2.05 beta 1 and earlier allows remote attackers to modify configurations or delete arbitrary data via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2006-5175"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2006-10-10T04:06:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the administrative interface for the TeraStation HD-HTGL firmware 2.05 beta 1 and earlier allows remote attackers to modify configurations or delete arbitrary data via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-qfmf-xg7v-f7x3",
  "modified": "2022-05-01T07:25:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-01T07:25:50Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-5175"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/29338"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/jp/JVN%2393484133/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/22248"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2006/3891"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QFVQ-M4VM-X9PX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:31 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:31
VLAI
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities on the TP-LINK WR1043N router with firmware TL-WR1043ND_V1_120405 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) enable FTP access (aka "FTP directory traversal") to /tmp via the shareEntire parameter to userRpm/NasFtpCfgRpm.htm, (2) change the FTP administrative password via the nas_admin_pwd parameter to userRpm/NasUserAdvRpm.htm, (3) enable FTP on the WAN interface via the internetA parameter to userRpm/NasFtpCfgRpm.htm, (4) launch the FTP service via the startFtp parameter to userRpm/NasFtpCfgRpm.htm, or (5) enable or disable bandwidth limits via the QoSCtrl parameter to userRpm/QoSCfgRpm.htm.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-2645"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2014-10-06T01:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities on the TP-LINK WR1043N router with firmware TL-WR1043ND_V1_120405 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators for requests that (1) enable FTP access (aka \"FTP directory traversal\") to /tmp via the shareEntire parameter to userRpm/NasFtpCfgRpm.htm, (2) change the FTP administrative password via the nas_admin_pwd parameter to userRpm/NasUserAdvRpm.htm, (3) enable FTP on the WAN interface via the internetA parameter to userRpm/NasFtpCfgRpm.htm, (4) launch the FTP service via the startFtp parameter to userRpm/NasFtpCfgRpm.htm, or (5) enable or disable bandwidth limits via the QoSCtrl parameter to userRpm/QoSCfgRpm.htm.",
  "id": "GHSA-qfvq-m4vm-x9px",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:31:44Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2645"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://securityevaluators.com/knowledge/case_studies/routers/tp-link_wr1043n.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QFWM-8MWC-483J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-25 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-26 00:32
VLAI
Details

dingfanzu CMS 1.0 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability via /admin/doAdminAction.php?act=delCate&id=31

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-46600"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-25T16:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "dingfanzu CMS 1.0 was discovered to contain a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability via /admin/doAdminAction.php?act=delCate\u0026id=31",
  "id": "GHSA-qfwm-8mwc-483j",
  "modified": "2024-09-26T00:32:33Z",
  "published": "2024-09-25T18:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-46600"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/loading15678/cms/tree/main/3/readme.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QFXF-R6XQ-GXWX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Security Framework). The supported version that is affected is 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.5 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47000"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:05Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Security Framework).   The supported version that is affected is 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform.  Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in  unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 3.5 (Integrity impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).",
  "id": "GHSA-qfxf-r6xq-gxwx",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:13Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47000"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QFXG-9WG2-4R2V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:34
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SOFTAGON WooCommerce Products without featured images allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects WooCommerce Products without featured images: from n/a through 0.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-32545"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-17T16:15:42Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in SOFTAGON WooCommerce Products without featured images allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects WooCommerce Products without featured images: from n/a through 0.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-qfxg-9wg2-4r2v",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:34:49Z",
  "published": "2025-04-17T18:31:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/woocommerce-products-without-featured-images/vulnerability/wordpress-woocommerce-products-without-featured-images-plugin-0-1-csrf-to-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QG3X-7R6X-487V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-10 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:31
VLAI
Details

The RapidLoad Power-Up for Autoptimize plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.7.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the queue_posts function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin's cache via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1345"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-10T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The RapidLoad Power-Up for Autoptimize plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.7.1. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the queue_posts function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify the plugin\u0027s cache via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg3x-7r6x-487v",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T21:31:48Z",
  "published": "2023-03-10T21:30:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1345"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2877726/unusedcss/trunk/includes/modules/unused-css/UnusedCSS_Admin.php?contextall=1\u0026old=2847136\u0026old_path=%2Funusedcss%2Ftrunk%2Fincludes%2Fmodules%2Funused-css%2FUnusedCSS_Admin.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d16fa590-1409-4f04-b8b7-0cce17412a5f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d16fa590-1409-4f04-b8b7-0cce17412a5f?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QG76-R2J2-X5QP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-01 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:19
VLAI
Details

The Feed Them Social – Page, Post, Video, and Photo Galleries plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 2.8.6. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the my_fts_fb_load_more() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to load feeds via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36739"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-01T04:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Feed Them Social \u2013 Page, Post, Video, and Photo Galleries plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 2.8.6. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the my_fts_fb_load_more() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to load feeds via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg76-r2j2-x5qp",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:19:39Z",
  "published": "2023-07-01T06:30:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36739"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/25-wordpress-plugins-vulnerable-to-csrf-attacks"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/more-wordpress-plugins-and-themes-vulnerable-to-csrf-attacks"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/multiple-wordpress-plugins-fixed-csrf-vulnerabilities-part-5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2369818%40feed-them-social\u0026new=2369818%40feed-them-social\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1fcbe3d1-449c-4135-bbf5-9ea9236e5328?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QG86-QRQG-4CXF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:58 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:58
VLAI
Details

Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Cybozu Office 9.9.0 through 10.3.0 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-1151"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-02-17T02:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Multiple cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerabilities in Cybozu Office 9.9.0 through 10.3.0 allow remote attackers to hijack the authentication of arbitrary users.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg86-qrqg-4cxf",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:58:49Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:58:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1151"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cs.cybozu.co.jp/2016/006111.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN64209269/index.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://jvndb.jvn.jp/jvndb/JVNDB-2016-000024"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QG9M-HGJJ-WF22

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2023-11-01 18:30
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WP Military WP Radio plugin <= 3.1.9 versions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-46150"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:36Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in WP Military WP Radio plugin \u003c=\u00a03.1.9 versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg9m-hgjj-wf22",
  "modified": "2023-11-01T18:30:31Z",
  "published": "2023-10-25T18:32:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-radio/wordpress-wp-radio-worldwide-online-radio-stations-directory-for-wordpress-plugin-3-1-9-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QG9R-8VQ4-2GP4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-11 18:31 – Updated: 2023-07-11 18:31
VLAI
Details

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository salesagility/suitecrm-core prior to 8.3.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-3627"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-11T17:15:13Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in GitHub repository salesagility/suitecrm-core prior to 8.3.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-qg9r-8vq4-2gp4",
  "modified": "2023-07-11T18:31:23Z",
  "published": "2023-07-11T18:31:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/salesagility/suitecrm-core/commit/78285702d76317f081b1fbc59cb2754e93b9a4c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/558b3dce-db03-47ba-b60b-c6eb578e04f1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
  • For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
  • Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
  • When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
  • Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
  • This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.

Mitigation
Implementation

Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.

CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)

An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.

CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing

An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.

CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification

An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.