CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14159 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F3JQ-CW4R-X64X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-30 15:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Stormhill Media MyBookTable Bookstore by Stormhill Media allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects MyBookTable Bookstore by Stormhill Media: from n/a through 3.3.4.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48331"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-30T13:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Stormhill Media MyBookTable Bookstore by Stormhill Media allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects MyBookTable Bookstore by Stormhill Media: from n/a through 3.3.4.",
"id": "GHSA-f3jq-cw4r-x64x",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:12Z",
"published": "2023-11-30T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48331"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/mybooktable/wordpress-mybooktable-bookstore-by-stormhill-media-plugin-3-3-3-cross-site-request-forgery-csrf-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3M4-PW3R-78VJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:33The WP2HTML plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the save() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-5930"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T03:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The WP2HTML plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the save() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-f3m4-pw3r-78vj",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:33:04Z",
"published": "2025-06-13T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp2html/trunk/classes/admin.class.php#L39"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp2html/trunk/classes/main.class.php#L18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3339090"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ac34e369-de9e-4b13-8858-0b4300aef5f8?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3M5-H3MX-MQF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:43 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:43A cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the APM webtop 11.2.1 or greater may allow attacker to force an APM webtop session to log out and require re-authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-15334"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-28T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the APM webtop 11.2.1 or greater may allow attacker to force an APM webtop session to log out and require re-authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-f3m5-h3mx-mqf3",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:43:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:43:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-15334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K74114570"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106364"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3Q3-QF9Q-V7V4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-17 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:33Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in what3words what3words Address Field allows Stored XSS. This issue affects what3words Address Field: from n/a through 4.0.15.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26768"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-16T23:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in what3words what3words Address Field allows Stored XSS. This issue affects what3words Address Field: from n/a through 4.0.15.",
"id": "GHSA-f3q3-qf9q-v7v4",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:33:41Z",
"published": "2025-02-17T00:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26768"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/3-word-address-validation-field/vulnerability/wordpress-what3words-address-field-plugin-4-0-15-csrf-to-stored-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3QM-QHC2-594F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:18 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:18Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Time Spent module 6.x and 7.x for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-5549"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-12-03T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in the Time Spent module 6.x and 7.x for Drupal allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of unspecified victims via unknown vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-f3qm-qhc2-594f",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:18:16Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:18:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5549"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://drupal.org/node/1822066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/11/20/4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F3QM-VFC3-JG6V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-20 18:03 – Updated: 2024-02-20 22:34Impact
The CSRF authenticity token check is currently disabled for the questionnaire templates preview as per: https://github.com/decidim/decidim/blob/3187bdfd40ea1c57c2c12512b09a7fec0b2bed08/decidim-templates/app/controllers/decidim/templates/admin/questionnaire_templates_controller.rb#L11
This was introduced by this commit in the PR that introduced this feature (#6247): https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/6247/commits/5542227be66e3b6d7530f5b536069bce09376660
The issue does not imply a serious security thread as you need to have access also to the session cookie in order to see this resource. This URL does not allow modifying the resource but it may allow attackers to gain access to information which was not meant to be public.
Patches
11743
Workarounds
Disable the templates functionality or remove all available templates.
References
11743
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "decidim-templates"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.23.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.27.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-20T18:03:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-20T18:15:50Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe CSRF authenticity token check is currently disabled for the questionnaire templates preview as per:\nhttps://github.com/decidim/decidim/blob/3187bdfd40ea1c57c2c12512b09a7fec0b2bed08/decidim-templates/app/controllers/decidim/templates/admin/questionnaire_templates_controller.rb#L11\n\nThis was introduced by this commit in the PR that introduced this feature (#6247):\nhttps://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/6247/commits/5542227be66e3b6d7530f5b536069bce09376660\n\nThe issue does not imply a serious security thread as you need to have access also to the session cookie in order to see this resource. This URL does not allow modifying the resource but it may allow attackers to gain access to information which was not meant to be public.\n\n### Patches\n#11743\n\n### Workarounds\nDisable the templates functionality or remove all available templates.\n\n### References\n#11743",
"id": "GHSA-f3qm-vfc3-jg6v",
"modified": "2024-02-20T22:34:19Z",
"published": "2024-02-20T18:03:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/security/advisories/GHSA-f3qm-vfc3-jg6v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/11743"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/pull/6247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/commit/5542227be66e3b6d7530f5b536069bce09376660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/commit/57a4b467787448307b5d9b01ce6e2c8502e121ac"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/blob/3187bdfd40ea1c57c2c12512b09a7fec0b2bed08/decidim-templates/app/controllers/decidim/templates/admin/questionnaire_templates_controller.rb#L11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/releases/tag/v0.27.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/decidim/decidim/releases/tag/v0.28.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Possible CSRF attack at questionnaire templates preview"
}
GHSA-F3V3-RC63-5RRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-12 06:31 – Updated: 2024-10-12 06:31The ImagePress – Image Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the 'imagepress_admin_page' function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings, including redirection URLs, via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-9778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-12T06:15:03Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The ImagePress \u2013 Image Gallery plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the \u0027imagepress_admin_page\u0027 function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update plugin settings, including redirection URLs, via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-f3v3-rc63-5rrv",
"modified": "2024-10-12T06:31:30Z",
"published": "2024-10-12T06:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/image-gallery/trunk/includes/page-settings.php#L106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/image-gallery/trunk/includes/page-settings.php#L2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/image-gallery/trunk/includes/page-settings.php#L267"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/image-gallery/trunk/includes/page-settings.php#L380"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/image-gallery/trunk/includes/page-settings.php#L461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3167164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/200b3446-6107-434b-b46d-2078461f3f94?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3X2-W4CQ-5V25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2026-05-29 15:30A CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability exists in PowerLogic ION7400, ION7650, ION83xx/84xx/85xx/8600, ION8650, ION8800, ION9000 and PM800 (see notification for affected versions), that could cause a user to perform an unintended action on the target device when using the HTTP web interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-22701"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-19T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability exists in PowerLogic ION7400, ION7650, ION83xx/84xx/85xx/8600, ION8650, ION8800, ION9000 and PM800 (see notification for affected versions), that could cause a user to perform an unintended action on the target device when using the HTTP web interface.",
"id": "GHSA-f3x2-w4cq-5v25",
"modified": "2026-05-29T15:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-22701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.se.com/ww/en/download/document/SEVD-2021-040-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3X8-M359-FJ94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-10 00:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The ImageMagick Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to deserialization of untrusted input via the 'cli_path' parameter in versions up to, and including 1.7.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated users to call files using a PHAR wrapper, granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link, that will deserialize and call arbitrary PHP Objects that can be used to perform a variety of malicious actions granted a POP chain is also present. It also requires that the attacker is successful in uploading a file with the serialized payload.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3568"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-10T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The ImageMagick Engine plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to deserialization of untrusted input via the \u0027cli_path\u0027 parameter in versions up to, and including 1.7.5. This makes it possible for unauthenticated users to call files using a PHAR wrapper, granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link, that will deserialize and call arbitrary PHP Objects that can be used to perform a variety of malicious actions granted a POP chain is also present. It also requires that the attacker is successful in uploading a file with the serialized payload.",
"id": "GHSA-f3x8-m359-fj94",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:02Z",
"published": "2023-02-10T00:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3568"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orangelabweb/imagemagick-engine/blob/1.7.4/imagemagick-engine.php#L529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/orangelabweb/imagemagick-engine/blob/v.1.7.2/imagemagick-engine.php#L529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=2801283%40imagemagick-engine\u0026new=2801283%40imagemagick-engine\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4a2ca2f0-1d4a-4614-86ba-a46e765f4a9f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/4a2ca2f0-1d4a-4614-86ba-a46e765f4a9f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F3XC-HCMC-RVRQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ELECOM NCC-EWF100RMWH2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators and execute an arbitrary request via unspecified vector. As a result, the device settings may be altered and/or telnet daemon may be started.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20650"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-12T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ELECOM NCC-EWF100RMWH2 allows remote attackers to hijack the authentication of administrators and execute an arbitrary request via unspecified vector. As a result, the device settings may be altered and/or telnet daemon may be started.",
"id": "GHSA-f3xc-hcmc-rvrq",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20650"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN47580234/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elecom.co.jp/news/security/20210126-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.