Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-362

Allowed-with-Review

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

2909 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-F5RG-254C-X94V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-07 00:30 – Updated: 2024-02-15 21:31
VLAI
Details

PX4 Autopilot 1.14 and earlier, due to the lack of synchronization mechanism for loading geofence data, has a Race Condition vulnerability in the geofence.cpp and mission_feasibility_checker.cpp. This will result in the drone uploading overlapping geofences and mission routes.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-24254"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T22:16:15Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "PX4 Autopilot 1.14 and earlier, due to the lack of synchronization mechanism for loading geofence data, has a Race Condition vulnerability in the geofence.cpp and mission_feasibility_checker.cpp. This will result in the drone uploading overlapping geofences and mission routes.",
  "id": "GHSA-f5rg-254c-x94v",
  "modified": "2024-02-15T21:31:26Z",
  "published": "2024-02-07T00:30:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-24254"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Drone-Lab/PX4-Autopilot/blob/report-can-not-pause-vulnerability/Multi-Threaded%20Race%20Condition%20bug%20found%20in%20PX4%20cause%20drone%20can%20not%20PAUSE.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PX4/PX4-Autopilot"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F5VW-W9V8-6HJH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 12:31 – Updated: 2024-12-12 12:31
VLAI
Details

Race condition vulnerability in the DDR module Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-54102"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T12:15:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Race condition vulnerability in the DDR module\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect service confidentiality.",
  "id": "GHSA-f5vw-w9v8-6hjh",
  "modified": "2024-12-12T12:31:15Z",
  "published": "2024-12-12T12:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54102"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/12"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F5W3-Q53F-47JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-03-10 21:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

tcp: Fix data-races around sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing.

While reading sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing, it can be changed concurrently. Thus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its readers.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-49598"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T07:01:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ntcp: Fix data-races around sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing.\n\nWhile reading sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing, it can be changed concurrently.\nThus, we need to add READ_ONCE() to its readers.",
  "id": "GHSA-f5w3-q53f-47jw",
  "modified": "2025-03-10T21:31:11Z",
  "published": "2025-03-10T21:31:11Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-49598"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/77a04845f0d28a3561494a5f3121488470a968a4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7e8fc428a7f680f1c4994a40e52d7f95a9a93038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aabe9438fdfe004e021d5a206227ec105dbe2416"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0920ca09d9ce19980c8391b9002455baa9c1417"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f47d00e077e7d61baf69e46dde3210c886360207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f966773e13cdd3f12baa90071b7b660f6c633ccb"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F5X9-8JWC-25RW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-02 20:37 – Updated: 2024-11-19 16:18
VLAI
Summary
Uncaught Exception (due to a data race) leads to process termination in Waitress
Details

Impact

Waitress may terminate early due to a thread closing a socket while the main thread is about to call select(). This will lead to the main thread raising an exception that is not handled and then causing the entire application to be killed.

Patches

This issue has been fixed in Waitress 2.1.2 by no longer allowing the WSGI thread to close the socket, instead it is always delegated to the main thread.

Workarounds

There is no work-around, however users using waitress behind a reverse proxy server are less likely to have issues if the reverse proxy always reads the full response.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/issues (if not sensitive or security related) * email the Pylons Security mailing list: pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com (if security related)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "waitress"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-31015"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-248",
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-02T20:37:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-31T23:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nWaitress may terminate early due to a thread closing a socket while the main thread is about to call select(). This will lead to the main thread raising an exception that is not handled and then causing the entire application to be killed.\n\n### Patches\n\nThis issue has been fixed in Waitress 2.1.2 by no longer allowing the WSGI thread to close the socket, instead it is always delegated to the main thread.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere is no work-around, however users using waitress behind a reverse proxy server are less likely to have issues if the reverse proxy always reads the full response.\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/issues (if not sensitive or security related)\n* email the Pylons Security mailing list: [pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com](mailto:pylons-project-security@googlegroups.com) (if security related)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-f5x9-8jwc-25rw",
  "modified": "2024-11-19T16:18:32Z",
  "published": "2022-06-02T20:37:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/security/advisories/GHSA-f5x9-8jwc-25rw"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/issues/374"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/pull/377"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress/commit/4f6789b035610e0552738cdc4b35ca809a592d48"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Pylons/waitress"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/waitress/PYSEC-2022-205.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Uncaught Exception (due to a data race) leads to process termination in Waitress"
}

GHSA-F62W-WRRF-X26F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-13 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-13 06:30
VLAI
Details

Race condition vulnerability in the thermal management module. Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34861"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T05:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Race condition vulnerability in the thermal management module.\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-f62w-wrrf-x26f",
  "modified": "2026-04-13T06:30:31Z",
  "published": "2026-04-13T06:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34861"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2026/4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletinwearables/2026/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F66W-R64G-CG46

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:27 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:27
VLAI
Details

Race condition in the Inter-process Communication (IPC) implementation in Google Chrome before 18.0.1025.168 allows attackers to bypass intended sandbox restrictions via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-3080"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-05-01T10:12:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Race condition in the Inter-process Communication (IPC) implementation in Google Chrome before 18.0.1025.168 allows attackers to bypass intended sandbox restrictions via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-f66w-r64g-cg46",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:27:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:27:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-3080"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/75272"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A15623"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=121726"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2012/04/stable-channel-update_30.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://osvdb.org/81646"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/48992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/53309"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1027001"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-F6G6-54HM-FHXV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 20:59 – Updated: 2021-08-18 19:58
VLAI
Summary
Data races in libsbc
Details

Affected versions of this crate implements Send for Decoder<R> for any R: Read. This allows Decoder<R> to contain R: !Send and carry (move) it to another thread.

This can result in undefined behavior such as memory corruption from data race on R, or dropping R = MutexGuard<_> from a thread that didn't lock the mutex.

The flaw was corrected in commit a34d6e1 by adding trait bound R: Send to the Send impl for Decoder<R>.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "libsbc"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36440"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-119",
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-09T22:36:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-08T06:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Affected versions of this crate implements `Send` for `Decoder\u003cR\u003e` for any `R: Read`. This allows `Decoder\u003cR\u003e` to contain `R: !Send` and carry (move) it to another thread.\n\nThis can result in undefined behavior such as memory corruption from data race on `R`, or dropping `R = MutexGuard\u003c_\u003e` from a thread that didn\u0027t lock the mutex.\n\nThe flaw was corrected in commit a34d6e1 by adding trait bound `R: Send` to the `Send` impl for `Decoder\u003cR\u003e`.",
  "id": "GHSA-f6g6-54hm-fhxv",
  "modified": "2021-08-18T19:58:56Z",
  "published": "2021-08-25T20:59:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36440"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mvertescher/libsbc-rs/commit/a34d6e1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mvertescher/libsbc-rs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rustsec/advisory-db/main/crates/libsbc/RUSTSEC-2020-0120.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2020-0120.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Data races in libsbc"
}

GHSA-F6PX-W8RH-7R89

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-02 17:15 – Updated: 2023-09-15 17:59
VLAI
Summary
Beego has a file creation race condition
Details

The File Session Manager in Beego 1.10.0 allows local users to read session files because there is a race condition involving file creation within a directory with weak permissions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/beego/beego"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.12.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/astaxie/beego"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.12.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-16354"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-22T21:51:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-09-16T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The File Session Manager in Beego 1.10.0 allows local users to read session files because there is a race condition involving file creation within a directory with weak permissions.",
  "id": "GHSA-f6px-w8rh-7r89",
  "modified": "2023-09-15T17:59:24Z",
  "published": "2021-08-02T17:15:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-16354"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/astaxie/beego/issues/3763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/beego/beego/issues/3763"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/beego/beego/pull/3975"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/beego/beego/pull/3975/commits/f99cbe0fa40936f2f8dd28e70620c559b6e5e2fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/astaxie/beego/commit/f99cbe0fa40936f2f8dd28e70620c559b6e5e2fd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/beego/beego/commit/bac2b31afecc65d9a89f9e473b8006c5edc0c8d1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/astaxie/beego"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/astaxie/beego/blob/v1.12.2/session/sess_file.go#L142"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2021-0084"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Beego has a file creation race condition"
}

GHSA-F6VH-XHFX-4GV9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-01-02 21:31
VLAI
Details

Storage Spaces Direct Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-26932, CVE-2022-26938.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-26939"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-10T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Storage Spaces Direct Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-26932, CVE-2022-26938.",
  "id": "GHSA-f6vh-xhfx-4gv9",
  "modified": "2025-01-02T21:31:33Z",
  "published": "2022-05-11T00:00:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-26939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-26939"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F747-W67P-QMF9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-10 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-10 15:31
VLAI
Details

In JetBrains Hub before 2025.3.104432 information disclosure was possible via the Users API

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-64683"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T14:15:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In JetBrains Hub before 2025.3.104432 information disclosure was possible via the Users API",
  "id": "GHSA-f747-w67p-qmf9",
  "modified": "2025-11-10T15:31:05Z",
  "published": "2025-11-10T15:31:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.jetbrains.com/privacy-security/issues-fixed"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
  • Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Implementation

When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.