CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1284 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JM7P-CC5G-QWXX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-05 15:21 – Updated: 2026-08-05 15:22Impact
On macOS, the check Electron uses to confirm it was launched by a same-signed parent process could be bypassed by a local process. Apps that enable the fuse-based hardening restricting ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE and NODE_OPTIONS to same-signed parents rely on this check; a local attacker could bypass it and run their own code inside the signed app, inheriting its TCC permissions and keychain access.
Apps are only affected if they enable those macOS fuse-based restrictions. Apps that do not enable them are not affected.
Workarounds
There are no app side workarounds, you must update to a patched version of Electron.
Fixed Versions
42.0.0-beta.341.2.140.9.039.8.8
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, email us at security@electronjs.org
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "39.8.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 40.9.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "40.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "40.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "41.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "41.2.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electron"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "42.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "42.0.0-beta.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-70597"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-08-05T15:21:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\nOn macOS, the check Electron uses to confirm it was launched by a same-signed parent process could be bypassed by a local process. Apps that enable the fuse-based hardening restricting `ELECTRON_RUN_AS_NODE` and `NODE_OPTIONS` to same-signed parents rely on this check; a local attacker could bypass it and run their own code inside the signed app, inheriting its TCC permissions and keychain access.\n\nApps are only affected if they enable those macOS fuse-based restrictions. Apps that do not enable them are not affected.\n\n### Workarounds\nThere are no app side workarounds, you must update to a patched version of Electron.\n\n### Fixed Versions\n* `42.0.0-beta.3`\n* `41.2.1`\n* `40.9.0`\n* `39.8.8`\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, email us at [security@electronjs.org](mailto:security@electronjs.org)",
"id": "GHSA-jm7p-cc5g-qwxx",
"modified": "2026-08-05T15:22:41Z",
"published": "2026-08-05T15:21:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/security/advisories/GHSA-jm7p-cc5g-qwxx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron/commit/0a6291a97d210db3733689e70a51f5711e38ed35"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/electron/electron"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Electron: Parent process code-sign check is spoofable"
}
GHSA-JMPH-WJ97-4XCR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-15 03:30 – Updated: 2023-02-23 18:31An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. DMA attacks on the FwBlockServiceSmm shared buffer used by SMM and non-SMM code could cause TOCTOU race-condition issues that could lead to corruption of SMRAM and escalation of privileges. This attack can be mitigated using IOMMU protection for the ACPI runtime memory used for the command buffer. This attack can be mitigated by copying the firmware block services data to SMRAM before checking it.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32470"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-15T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. DMA attacks on the FwBlockServiceSmm shared buffer used by SMM and non-SMM code could cause TOCTOU race-condition issues that could lead to corruption of SMRAM and escalation of privileges. This attack can be mitigated using IOMMU protection for the ACPI runtime memory used for the command buffer. This attack can be mitigated by copying the firmware block services data to SMRAM before checking it.",
"id": "GHSA-jmph-wj97-4xcr",
"modified": "2023-02-23T18:31:05Z",
"published": "2023-02-15T03:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32470"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2023002"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JMXP-55H2-RG35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-29 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-06 18:30This vulnerability allows physical attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected Tesla vehicles. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the ice_updater update mechanism. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied firmware. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-17463.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-29T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows physical attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected Tesla vehicles. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the ice_updater update mechanism. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied firmware. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-17463.",
"id": "GHSA-jmxp-55h2-rg35",
"modified": "2023-04-06T18:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-03-29T21:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-22-1188"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JP67-5WH7-6MJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-21 21:30 – Updated: 2023-12-29 21:30A race condition in GitHub Enterprise Server allowed an existing admin to maintain permissions on transferred repositories by making a GraphQL mutation to alter repository permissions during the transfer. This vulnerability affected GitHub Enterprise Server version 3.8.0 and above and was fixed in version 3.8.12, 3.9.7, 3.10.4, and 3.11.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6690"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-21T21:15:14Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A race condition in GitHub Enterprise Server allowed an existing admin to maintain permissions on transferred repositories by making a GraphQL mutation to alter repository permissions during the transfer.\u00a0This vulnerability affected GitHub Enterprise Server version 3.8.0 and above and was fixed in version 3.8.12, 3.9.7, 3.10.4, and 3.11.1.\n",
"id": "GHSA-jp67-5wh7-6mjx",
"modified": "2023-12-29T21:30:45Z",
"published": "2023-12-21T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.10/admin/release-notes#3.10.4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.11/admin/release-notes#3.11.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.8/admin/release-notes#3.8.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.9/admin/release-notes#3.9.7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JPX9-Q676-JRJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 03:37 – Updated: 2026-06-30 03:37Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Escargot allows Leveraging Race Conditions.
This issue affects Escargot: bab3a5797557014ce3c2e28419a6310cfba90d0d.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-14160"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T03:17:15Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability in Samsung Open Source Escargot allows Leveraging Race Conditions.\n\nThis issue affects Escargot: bab3a5797557014ce3c2e28419a6310cfba90d0d.",
"id": "GHSA-jpx9-q676-jrjx",
"modified": "2026-06-30T03:37:15Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T03:37:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-14160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Samsung/escargot/commit/9e8084ecc2f68e8584d389414c3f37fda12dab7d"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRC6-6MXC-2RW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-13 09:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:26Transient DOS due to time-of-check time-of-use race condition in Modem while processing RRC Reconfiguration message.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33270"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-13T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Transient DOS due to time-of-check time-of-use race condition in Modem while processing RRC Reconfiguration message.",
"id": "GHSA-jrc6-6mxc-2rw2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:26:31Z",
"published": "2023-04-13T09:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33270"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/april-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRJP-VPCV-WVM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-12 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:43Potential Time-of-Check to Time-of Use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities have been identified in the HP BIOS for certain HP PC products which may allow arbitrary code execution, denial of service, and information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27541"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-12T19:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Potential Time-of-Check to Time-of Use (TOCTOU) vulnerabilities have been identified in the HP BIOS for certain HP PC products which may allow arbitrary code execution, denial of service, and information disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-jrjp-vpcv-wvm5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:43:58Z",
"published": "2023-06-12T21:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27541"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hp.com/us-en/document/ish_7709808-7709835-16/hpsbhf03835"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRX6-5H88-9P4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-21 00:31 – Updated: 2026-08-21 00:31IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges due to a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-16935"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-20T22:17:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM AIX 7.2, and 7.3 and IBM PowerVM VIOS 4.1 could allow a local attacker to gain elevated privileges due to a time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition.",
"id": "GHSA-jrx6-5h88-9p4q",
"modified": "2026-08-21T00:31:18Z",
"published": "2026-08-21T00:31:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-16935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7283858"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV7C-V8GP-MVF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-25 18:31 – Updated: 2024-06-25 18:31Dell PowerEdge Server BIOS contains an TOCTOU race condition vulnerability. A local low privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain access to otherwise unauthorized resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0171"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-25T16:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell PowerEdge Server BIOS contains an TOCTOU race condition vulnerability. A local low privileged attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability to gain access to otherwise unauthorized resources.",
"id": "GHSA-jv7c-v8gp-mvf2",
"modified": "2024-06-25T18:31:21Z",
"published": "2024-06-25T18:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0171"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000226253/dsa-2024-039-security-update-for-dell-amd-based-poweredge-server-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWP6-2MV6-8GQ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:35Multiple vulnerabilities including an incorrect permission assignment for critical resource [CWE-732] vulnerability and a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition [CWE-367] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClientWindows before 7.0.7 allows attackers on the same file sharing network to execute commands via writing data into a windows pipe.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43946"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-732"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities including an incorrect permission assignment for critical resource [CWE-732] vulnerability and a time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition [CWE-367]\u00a0vulnerability in Fortinet FortiClientWindows before 7.0.7 allows attackers on the same file sharing network to execute commands via writing data into a windows pipe.",
"id": "GHSA-jwp6-2mv6-8gq3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:35:56Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43946"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-429"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.