CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1063 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J5R4-872P-2X9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-15 18:31 – Updated: 2024-07-15 18:31Path traversal in Team Chat for some Zoom Workplace Apps and SDKs for Windows may allow an authenticated user to conduct information disclosure via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-39826"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-15T18:15:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Path traversal in Team Chat for some Zoom Workplace Apps and SDKs for Windows may allow an authenticated user to conduct information disclosure via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-j5r4-872p-2x9r",
"modified": "2024-07-15T18:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-07-15T18:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-39826"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zoom.com/en/trust/security-bulletin/zsb-24023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J652-46FV-W96G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-04 12:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:33VMware ESXi, and Workstation contain a TOCTOU (Time-of-Check Time-of-Use) vulnerability that leads to an out-of-bounds write. A malicious actor with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine may exploit this issue to execute code as the virtual machine's VMX process running on the host.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22224"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T12:15:33Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "VMware ESXi, and Workstation\u00a0contain a TOCTOU (Time-of-Check Time-of-Use) vulnerability that leads to an out-of-bounds write.\u00a0A malicious actor with local administrative privileges on a virtual machine may exploit this issue to execute code as the virtual machine\u0027s VMX process running on the host.",
"id": "GHSA-j652-46fv-w96g",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:33:12Z",
"published": "2025-03-04T12:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22224"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.broadcom.com/web/ecx/support-content-notification/-/external/content/SecurityAdvisories/0/25390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-22224"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J69P-564M-X3GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-31 12:31 – Updated: 2026-03-31 12:31OpenClaw before 2026.3.11 contains a sandbox boundary bypass vulnerability in fs-bridge staged writes where temporary file creation and population are not pinned to a verified parent directory. Attackers can exploit a race condition in parent-path alias changes to write attacker-controlled bytes outside the intended validated path before the final guarded replace step executes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T12:16:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.3.11 contains a sandbox boundary bypass vulnerability in fs-bridge staged writes where temporary file creation and population are not pinned to a verified parent directory. Attackers can exploit a race condition in parent-path alias changes to write attacker-controlled bytes outside the intended validated path before the final guarded replace step executes.",
"id": "GHSA-j69p-564m-x3gh",
"modified": "2026-03-31T12:31:36Z",
"published": "2026-03-31T12:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-mj4p-rc52-m843"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-sandbox-boundary-bypass-via-unvalidated-temporary-file-creation"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7V4-F93F-X37V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-03 06:31 – Updated: 2025-06-03 06:31Memory corruption while processing I2C settings in Camera driver.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53016"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-03T06:15:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Memory corruption while processing I2C settings in Camera driver.",
"id": "GHSA-j7v4-f93f-x37v",
"modified": "2025-06-03T06:31:14Z",
"published": "2025-06-03T06:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53016"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/june-2025-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J7V8-XC2J-G5Q6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-05 18:31A Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the AMD Secure Processor (ASP) could allow an attacker to modify External Global Memory Interconnect Trusted Agent (XGMI TA) commands as they are processed potentially resulting in loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31324"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T15:16:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the AMD Secure Processor (ASP) could allow an attacker to modify External Global Memory Interconnect Trusted Agent (XGMI TA) commands as they are processed potentially resulting in loss of confidentiality, integrity, or availability.",
"id": "GHSA-j7v8-xc2j-g5q6",
"modified": "2026-03-05T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-02-11T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.amd.com/en/resources/product-security/bulletin/AMD-SB-6024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:L/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-J87J-WFVP-42C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 00:31Memory Corruption when processing IOCTL requests with mismatched API versions due to concurrent modification of user-space buffer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59610"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T23:16:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Memory Corruption when processing IOCTL requests with mismatched API versions due to concurrent modification of user-space buffer.",
"id": "GHSA-j87j-wfvp-42c4",
"modified": "2026-06-02T00:31:58Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T00:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/june-2026-bulletin.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J8Q4-3CWW-3FWM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 18:30DMA attacks on the parameter buffer used by a software SMI handler used by the driver PcdSmmDxe could lead to a TOCTOU attack on the SMI handler and lead to corruption of other ACPI fields and adjacent memory fields. DMA attacks on the parameter buffer used by a software SMI handler used by the driver PcdSmmDxe could lead to a TOCTOU attack on the SMI handler and lead to corruption of other ACPI fields and adjacent memory fields. The attack would require detailed knowledge of the PCD database contents on the current platform. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering during a security review. This issue is fixed in Kernel 5.3: 05.36.23, Kernel 5.4: 05.44.23, Kernel 5.5: 05.52.23. Kernel 5.2 is unaffected. CWE-787 An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. DMA attacks on the parameter buffer that is used by a software SMI handler (used by the PcdSmmDxe driver) could lead to a TOCTOU race-condition attack on the SMI handler, and lead to corruption of other ACPI fields and adjacent memory fields. The attack would require detailed knowledge of the PCD database contents on the current platform.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-32266"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-14T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DMA attacks on the parameter buffer used by a software SMI handler used by the driver PcdSmmDxe could lead to a TOCTOU attack on the SMI handler and lead to corruption of other ACPI fields and adjacent memory fields. DMA attacks on the parameter buffer used by a software SMI handler used by the driver PcdSmmDxe could lead to a TOCTOU attack on the SMI handler and lead to corruption of other ACPI fields and adjacent memory fields. The attack would require detailed knowledge of the PCD database contents on the current platform. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering during a security review. This issue is fixed in Kernel 5.3: 05.36.23, Kernel 5.4: 05.44.23, Kernel 5.5: 05.52.23. Kernel 5.2 is unaffected. CWE-787 An issue was discovered in Insyde InsydeH2O with kernel 5.0 through 5.5. DMA attacks on the parameter buffer that is used by a software SMI handler (used by the PcdSmmDxe driver) could lead to a TOCTOU race-condition attack on the SMI handler, and lead to corruption of other ACPI fields and adjacent memory fields. The attack would require detailed knowledge of the PCD database contents on the current platform.",
"id": "GHSA-j8q4-3cww-3fwm",
"modified": "2022-11-18T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-32266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022045"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JC87-47XG-WMHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:30A time-of-check time-of-use vulnerability in PulseSecureService.exe in Pulse Secure Client versions prior to 9.1.6 down to 5.3 R70 for Windows (which runs as NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM) allows unprivileged users to run a Microsoft Installer executable with elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-13162"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-16T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A time-of-check time-of-use vulnerability in PulseSecureService.exe in Pulse Secure Client versions prior to 9.1.6 down to 5.3 R70 for Windows (which runs as NT AUTHORITY/SYSTEM) allows unprivileged users to run a Microsoft Installer executable with elevated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-jc87-47xg-wmhr",
"modified": "2025-05-05T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-13162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/sepcali"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.pulsesecure.net/?atype=sa"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.pulsesecure.net/articles/Pulse_Security_Advisories/SA44503"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/gsepcali/status/1262551597990711296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/gsepcali/status/1272927080909623297"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/sepcali"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/sepcali/status/1262551277940211712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/sepcali/status/1262551336152948738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://twitter.com/sepcali/status/1262551597990711296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redtimmy.com/privilege-escalation/pulse-secure-client-for-windows-9-1-6-toctou-privilege-escalation-cve-2020-13162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/158117/Pulse-Secure-Client-For-Windows-Local-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/159065/Pulse-Secure-Windows-Client-Privilege-Escalation.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jun/25"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Sep/15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JCGJ-6CGC-77HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30Use after free in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35418"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-jcgj-6cgc-77hg",
"modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-35418"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JFMH-Q68R-88FP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:23 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:23Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 5.2.44, prior to 6.0.24 and prior to 6.1.12. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14675"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-15T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are Prior to 5.2.44, prior to 6.0.24 and prior to 6.1.12. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-jfmh-q68r-88fp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:23:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:23:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202101-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-895"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00068.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00079.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.