Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

5611 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3H29-52VH-PQGR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-05-07 15:53 – Updated: 2022-10-07 20:39
VLAI
Summary
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Apache Tika
Details

A carefully crafted or corrupt PSD file can cause excessive memory usage in Apache Tika's PSDParser in versions 1.0-1.23.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.23"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.tika:tika"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.24"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-1950"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-05T22:51:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-23T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A carefully crafted or corrupt PSD file can cause excessive memory usage in Apache Tika\u0027s PSDParser in versions 1.0-1.23.",
  "id": "GHSA-3h29-52vh-pqgr",
  "modified": "2022-10-07T20:39:59Z",
  "published": "2021-05-07T15:53:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-1950"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/tika"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r463b1a67817ae55fe022536edd6db34e8f9636971188430cbcf8a8dd%40%3Cdev.tika.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00035.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4564-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in Apache Tika"
}

GHSA-3H52-CX59-C456

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-29 15:48 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:21
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Feishu webhook reads and parses unauthenticated request bodies before signature validation
Details

Summary

Feishu webhook reads and parses unauthenticated request bodies before signature validation

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw
  • Affected versions: <= 2026.3.24
  • First patched version: 2026.3.25
  • Latest published npm version at verification time: 2026.3.24

Details

Feishu webhook handling previously parsed JSON before signature validation, which let unauthenticated callers force full JSON parsing work before rejection. Commit 5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53 reads the raw request body, validates the signature first, and only then parses JSON.

Verified vulnerable on tag v2026.3.24 and fixed on main by commit 5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53.

Fix Commit(s)

  • 5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.28"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-35640"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-29T15:48:58Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nFeishu webhook reads and parses unauthenticated request bodies before signature validation\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Affected versions: `\u003c= 2026.3.24`\n- First patched version: `2026.3.25`\n- Latest published npm version at verification time: `2026.3.24`\n\n## Details\n\nFeishu webhook handling previously parsed JSON before signature validation, which let unauthenticated callers force full JSON parsing work before rejection. Commit `5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53` reads the raw request body, validates the signature first, and only then parses JSON.\n\nVerified vulnerable on tag `v2026.3.24` and fixed on `main` by commit `5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53`.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53`",
  "id": "GHSA-3h52-cx59-c456",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T20:21:35Z",
  "published": "2026-03-29T15:48:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3h52-cx59-c456"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35640"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/5e8cb22176e9235e224be0bc530699261eb60e53"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-denial-of-service-via-unauthenticated-webhook-request-parsing"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Feishu webhook reads and parses unauthenticated request bodies before signature validation"
}

GHSA-3H57-HMJ3-GJ3P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-08 17:20 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:41
VLAI
Summary
Rack has possible DoS Vulnerability in Multipart MIME parsing
Details

There is a possible DoS vulnerability in the Multipart MIME parsing code in Rack. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2023-27530.

Versions Affected: All. Not affected: None Fixed Versions: 3.0.4.2, 2.2.6.3, 2.1.4.3, 2.0.9.3

Impact

The Multipart MIME parsing code in Rack limits the number of file parts, but does not limit the total number of parts that can be uploaded. Carefully crafted requests can abuse this and cause multipart parsing to take longer than expected.

All users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.

Workarounds

A proxy can be configured to limit the POST body size which will mitigate this issue.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.9.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.1.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.1.4.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.2.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.6.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "rack"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "3.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.0.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-27530"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-770"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-08T17:20:04Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-10T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "There is a possible DoS vulnerability in the Multipart MIME parsing code in Rack. This vulnerability has been assigned the CVE identifier CVE-2023-27530.\n\nVersions Affected: All. Not affected: None Fixed Versions: 3.0.4.2, 2.2.6.3, 2.1.4.3, 2.0.9.3\n\n# Impact\nThe Multipart MIME parsing code in Rack limits the number of file parts, but does not limit the total number of parts that can be uploaded. Carefully crafted requests can abuse this and cause multipart parsing to take longer than expected.\n\nAll users running an affected release should either upgrade or use one of the workarounds immediately.\n\n# Workarounds\nA proxy can be configured to limit the POST body size which will mitigate this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-3h57-hmj3-gj3p",
  "modified": "2025-02-13T18:41:56Z",
  "published": "2023-03-08T17:20:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27530"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.rubyonrails.org/t/cve-2023-27530-possible-dos-vulnerability-in-multipart-mime-parsing/82388"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/rack/rack"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack/CVE-2023-27530.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/04/msg00017.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231208-0015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5530"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Rack has possible DoS Vulnerability in Multipart MIME parsing"
}

GHSA-3H5P-8X48-P6JM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability in the Service Delivery Platform product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Messaging Enabler). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Service Delivery Platform. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Service Delivery Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-60382"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability in the Service Delivery Platform product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Messaging Enabler).  Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and  14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Service Delivery Platform.  Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized ability to cause a hang or frequently repeatable crash (complete DOS) of Service Delivery Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.5 (Availability impacts).  CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).",
  "id": "GHSA-3h5p-8x48-p6jm",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:37Z",
  "published": "2026-07-22T00:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60382"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3H6X-GJF3-36GG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-12 00:01
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in LibTIFF 4.3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the TIFF File Handler of tiff2ps. Opening a malicious file leads to a denial of service. The attack can be launched remotely but requires user interaction. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-1210"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-404"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-03T09:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in LibTIFF 4.3.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the TIFF File Handler of tiff2ps. Opening a malicious file leads to a denial of service. The attack can be launched remotely but requires user interaction. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-3h6x-gjf3-36gg",
  "modified": "2022-04-12T00:01:02Z",
  "published": "2022-04-04T00:00:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/-/issues/402"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.com/libtiff/libtiff/uploads/c3da94e53cf1e1e8e6d4d3780dc8c42f/example.tiff"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202210-10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220513-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.196363"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3HC4-P5Q8-6MX3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-20 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:36
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in ONOS 2.5.1. To attack an intent installed by a normal user, a remote attacker can install a duplicate intent with a different key, and then remove the duplicate one. This will remove the flow rules of the intent, even though the intent still exists in the controller.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24109"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-20T13:15:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in ONOS 2.5.1. To attack an intent installed by a normal user, a remote attacker can install a duplicate intent with a different key, and then remove the duplicate one. This will remove the flow rules of the intent, even though the intent still exists in the controller.",
  "id": "GHSA-3hc4-p5q8-6mx3",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:36:46Z",
  "published": "2023-04-20T15:30:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24109"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.onosproject.org/display/ONOS/Intent+Framework"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/sec23fall-prepub-285_kim-jiwon.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3HJH-JH2H-VRG6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-04 15:27
VLAI
Summary
Denial of service in langchain-community
Details

Denial of service in SitemapLoader Document Loader in the langchain-community package, affecting versions below 0.2.5. The parse_sitemap method, responsible for parsing sitemaps and extracting URLs, lacks a mechanism to prevent infinite recursion when a sitemap URL refers to the current sitemap itself. This oversight allows for the possibility of an infinite loop, leading to a crash by exceeding the maximum recursion depth in Python. This vulnerability can be exploited to occupy server socket/port resources and crash the Python process, impacting the availability of services relying on this functionality.

Severity
4.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "langchain-community"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "langchain"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-2965"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-674"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-06T22:20:20Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T19:15:55Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Denial of service in `SitemapLoader` Document Loader in the `langchain-community` package, affecting versions below 0.2.5. The `parse_sitemap` method, responsible for parsing sitemaps and extracting URLs, lacks a mechanism to prevent infinite recursion when a sitemap URL refers to the current sitemap itself. This oversight allows for the possibility of an infinite loop, leading to a crash by exceeding the maximum recursion depth in Python. This vulnerability can be exploited to occupy server socket/port resources and crash the Python process, impacting the availability of services relying on this functionality.",
  "id": "GHSA-3hjh-jh2h-vrg6",
  "modified": "2024-11-04T15:27:57Z",
  "published": "2024-06-06T21:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2965"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/pull/22903"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/commit/73c42306745b0831aa6fe7fe4eeb70d2c2d87a82"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/commit/9a877c7adbd06f90a2518152f65b562bd90487cc"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/langchain/PYSEC-2024-118.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/90b0776d-9fa6-4841-aac4-09fde5918cae"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Denial of service in langchain-community"
}

GHSA-3HJM-W3JH-PC36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-26 18:31 – Updated: 2024-09-26 18:31
VLAI
Details

Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions 10.5.6.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.4.x,10.5.3.x, contains an Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated host could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to a denial of service.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37125"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-26T17:15:03Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions 10.5.6.x, 10.5.5.x, 10.5.4.x,10.5.3.x, contains an Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability. A remote unauthenticated host could potentially exploit this vulnerability leading to a denial of service.",
  "id": "GHSA-3hjm-w3jh-pc36",
  "modified": "2024-09-26T18:31:44Z",
  "published": "2024-09-26T18:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37125"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000228976/dsa-2024-274-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3HQW-55XH-Q6HF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32
VLAI
Details

IP Helper Denial of Service Vulnerability

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21231"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:35Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IP Helper Denial of Service Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-3hqw-55xh-q6hf",
  "modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:02Z",
  "published": "2025-01-14T18:32:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21231"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21231"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3HWM-922R-47HW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-31 19:33 – Updated: 2023-04-25 23:06
VLAI
Summary
Stud42 vulnerable to denial of service
Details

A security vulnerability has been identified in the GraphQL parser used by the API of s42.app. An attacker can overload the parser and cause the API pod to crash. With a bit of threading, the attacker can bring down the entire API, resulting in an unhealthy stream. This vulnerability can be exploited by sending a specially crafted request to the API with a large payload.

An attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause a denial of service (DoS) attack on the s42.app API, resulting in unavailability of the API for legitimate users.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "atomys.codes/stud42"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.23.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-400"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-31T19:33:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A security vulnerability has been identified in the GraphQL parser used by the API of s42.app. An attacker can overload the parser and cause the API pod to crash. With a bit of threading, the attacker can bring down the entire API, resulting in an unhealthy stream. This vulnerability can be exploited by sending a specially crafted request to the API with a large payload.\n\nAn attacker can exploit this vulnerability to cause a denial of service (DoS) attack on the s42.app API, resulting in unavailability of the API for legitimate users.",
  "id": "GHSA-3hwm-922r-47hw",
  "modified": "2023-04-25T23:06:52Z",
  "published": "2023-03-31T19:33:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/42Atomys/stud42/security/advisories/GHSA-3hwm-922r-47hw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/42Atomys/stud42/issues/412"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/42Atomys/stud42/commit/a70bfc72fba721917bf681d72a58093fb9deee17"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/42Atomys/stud42"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Stud42 vulnerable to denial of service"
}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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