CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5568 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-HX3R-JV9Q-85JW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-10 19:44 – Updated: 2021-10-04 21:16There was an easily exploitable uncontrolled memory resource consumption denial-of-service vulnerability that existed in the peer-to-peer network code of three implementations of Bitcoin and several alternative chains.
For more details please see: https://invdos.net/
For the paper: https://invdos.net/paper/CVE-2018-17145.pdf
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "bcoin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17145"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-09-10T19:44:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There was an easily exploitable uncontrolled memory resource consumption denial-of-service vulnerability that existed in the peer-to-peer network code of three implementations of Bitcoin and several alternative chains.\n\nFor more details please see:\nhttps://invdos.net/\n\nFor the paper:\nhttps://invdos.net/paper/CVE-2018-17145.pdf",
"id": "GHSA-hx3r-jv9q-85jw",
"modified": "2021-10-04T21:16:21Z",
"published": "2020-09-10T19:44:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bcoin-org/bcoin/security/advisories/GHSA-hx3r-jv9q-85jw"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17145"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Common_Vulnerabilities_and_Exposures#CVE-2018-17145"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/bcoin-org/bcoin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/v0.16.2/doc/release-notes.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://invdos.net"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://invdos.net/paper/CVE-2018-17145.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Bitcoin Inventory Out-of-Memory Denial-of-Service Attack (CVE-2018-17145)"
}
GHSA-HX65-C266-87H8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-17 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:10Mattermost Boards fail to properly validate a board link, allowing an attacker to crash a channel by posting a specially crafted boards link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3585"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-17T16:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost Boards fail to properly validate a board link, allowing an attacker to crash a channel by\u00a0posting a specially crafted boards link.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-hx65-c266-87h8",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:10:50Z",
"published": "2023-07-17T18:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3585"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX67-J5PJ-H8CH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 12:32 – Updated: 2025-03-20 12:32A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability exists in lunary-ai/lunary version git f07a845. The server uses the regex /{.*?}/ to match user-controlled strings. In the default JavaScript regex engine, this regex can take polynomial time to match certain crafted user inputs. As a result, an attacker can cause the server to hang for an arbitrary amount of time by submitting a specially crafted payload. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.26.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1333",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T10:15:45Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability exists in lunary-ai/lunary version git f07a845. The server uses the regex /{.*?}/ to match user-controlled strings. In the default JavaScript regex engine, this regex can take polynomial time to match certain crafted user inputs. As a result, an attacker can cause the server to hang for an arbitrary amount of time by submitting a specially crafted payload. This issue is fixed in version 1.4.26.",
"id": "GHSA-hx67-j5pj-h8ch",
"modified": "2025-03-20T12:32:49Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T12:32:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lunary-ai/lunary/commit/f2bfa036caf2c48686474f4560a9c5abcf5f43b7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/4dbd8648-1dca-4f95-b74f-978ef030e97e"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HX93-VR6P-R3MW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:20 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:20In Parse_lins of eas_mdls.c, there is possible resource exhaustion due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-127313764
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-0173"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-06-11T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Parse_lins of eas_mdls.c, there is possible resource exhaustion due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-10Android ID: A-127313764",
"id": "GHSA-hx93-vr6p-r3mw",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:20:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:20:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2020-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HX9W-F2W9-9G96
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-01 01:25 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:15Impact
The Hex client (hex_core) deserializes Erlang terms received from the Hex API using binary_to_term/1 without sufficient restrictions.
If an attacker can control the HTTP response body returned by the Hex API, this allows denial-of-service attacks such as atom table exhaustion, leading to a VM crash. No released versions are known to allow remote code execution.
Patches
- https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/commit/cdf726095bca85ad2549d146df1e831ae93c2b13
- https://github.com/hexpm/hex/commit/636739f3322514e9303ca335fb630696fcbb3c95
- https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/commit/1d4478f527e373de0b225951e53115450e0d9b9d
Workarounds
Ensure that the Hex API URL (HEX_API_URL) points only to trusted endpoints. There is no client-side workaround that fully mitigates this issue without applying the patch.
Resources
- hex_core Module: https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/blob/main/src/hex_api.erl
- Hex Vendored Module: https://github.com/hexpm/hex/blob/main/src/mix_hex_api.erl
- Rebar3 Vendored Module: https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/blob/main/apps/rebar/src/vendored/r3_hex_api.erl
- hex_core Patch: https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/commit/cdf726095bca85ad2549d146df1e831ae93c2b13
- Hex Vendored Patch: https://github.com/hexpm/hex/commit/636739f3322514e9303ca335fb630696fcbb3c95
- Rebar3 Vendored Patch: https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/commit/1d4478f527e373de0b225951e53115450e0d9b9d
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Hex",
"name": "hex_core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.12.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21619"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-01T01:25:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T18:16:11Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe Hex client (`hex_core`) deserializes Erlang terms received from the Hex API using `binary_to_term/1` without sufficient restrictions.\n\nIf an attacker can control the HTTP response body returned by the Hex API, this allows denial-of-service attacks such as **atom table exhaustion**, leading to a VM crash. No released versions are known to allow remote code execution.\n\n### Patches\n\n* https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/commit/cdf726095bca85ad2549d146df1e831ae93c2b13\n* https://github.com/hexpm/hex/commit/636739f3322514e9303ca335fb630696fcbb3c95\n* https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/commit/1d4478f527e373de0b225951e53115450e0d9b9d\n\n### Workarounds\n\nEnsure that the Hex API URL (`HEX_API_URL`) points only to trusted endpoints. There is no client-side workaround that fully mitigates this issue without applying the patch.\n\n### Resources\n\n* hex_core Module: https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/blob/main/src/hex_api.erl\n* Hex Vendored Module: https://github.com/hexpm/hex/blob/main/src/mix_hex_api.erl\n* Rebar3 Vendored Module: https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/blob/main/apps/rebar/src/vendored/r3_hex_api.erl\n* hex_core Patch: https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/commit/cdf726095bca85ad2549d146df1e831ae93c2b13\n* Hex Vendored Patch: https://github.com/hexpm/hex/commit/636739f3322514e9303ca335fb630696fcbb3c95\n* Rebar3 Vendored Patch: https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/commit/1d4478f527e373de0b225951e53115450e0d9b9d",
"id": "GHSA-hx9w-f2w9-9g96",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:15:53Z",
"published": "2026-03-01T01:25:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/security/advisories/GHSA-hx9w-f2w9-9g96"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21619"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/erlang/rebar3/commit/1d4478f527e373de0b225951e53115450e0d9b9d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hexpm/hex/commit/636739f3322514e9303ca335fb630696fcbb3c95"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core/commit/cdf726095bca85ad2549d146df1e831ae93c2b13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-21619.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/hexpm/hex_core"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-21619"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "hex_core has Unsafe Deserialization of Erlang Terms"
}
GHSA-HX9W-FRXH-JHFC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:44The TFTP server fails to handle multiple connections on NETGEAR JGS516PE/GS116Ev2 v2.6.0.43 devices, and allows external attackers to force device reboots by sending concurrent connections, aka a denial of service attack.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35233"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-10T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The TFTP server fails to handle multiple connections on NETGEAR JGS516PE/GS116Ev2 v2.6.0.43 devices, and allows external attackers to force device reboots by sending concurrent connections, aka a denial of service attack.",
"id": "GHSA-hx9w-frxh-jhfc",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:05Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.nccgroup.com/2021/03/08/technical-advisory-multiple-vulnerabilities-in-netgear-prosafe-plus-jgs516pe-gs116ev2-switches"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HXC7-QJFV-5432
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-17 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-19 19:00A potential DoS vulnerability was discovered in Gitlab CE/EE versions starting from 10.7 before 15.1.5, all versions starting from 15.2 before 15.2.3, all versions starting from 15.3 before 15.3.1 allowed an attacker to trigger high CPU usage via a special crafted input added in the Commit message field.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-2908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1333",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A potential DoS vulnerability was discovered in Gitlab CE/EE versions starting from 10.7 before 15.1.5, all versions starting from 15.2 before 15.2.3, all versions starting from 15.3 before 15.3.1 allowed an attacker to trigger high CPU usage via a special crafted input added in the Commit message field.",
"id": "GHSA-hxc7-qjfv-5432",
"modified": "2022-10-19T19:00:19Z",
"published": "2022-10-17T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1584156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2022/CVE-2022-2908.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/363734"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HXFH-7372-Q4FF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-06 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-06 21:31In onHeaderDecoded of LocalImageResolver.java, there is a possible persistent denial of service due to resource exhaustion. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0049"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-06T19:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In onHeaderDecoded of LocalImageResolver.java, there is a possible persistent denial of service due to resource exhaustion. This could lead to local denial of service with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-hxfh-7372-q4ff",
"modified": "2026-04-06T21:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-04-06T21:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-04-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HXM2-R34F-QMC5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2018-10-09 00:40 – Updated: 2023-09-11 22:02Affected versions of minimatch are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service attacks when user input is passed into the pattern argument of minimatch(path, pattern).
Proof of Concept
var minimatch = require(“minimatch”);
// utility function for generating long strings
var genstr = function (len, chr) {
var result = “”;
for (i=0; i<=len; i++) {
result = result + chr;
}
return result;
}
var exploit = “[!” + genstr(1000000, “\\”) + “A”;
// minimatch exploit.
console.log(“starting minimatch”);
minimatch(“foo”, exploit);
console.log(“finishing minimatch”);
Recommendation
Update to version 3.0.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "minimatch"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-10540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-06-16T21:41:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Affected versions of `minimatch` are vulnerable to regular expression denial of service attacks when user input is passed into the `pattern` argument of `minimatch(path, pattern)`.\n\n\n## Proof of Concept\n```js\nvar minimatch = require(\u201cminimatch\u201d);\n\n// utility function for generating long strings\nvar genstr = function (len, chr) {\n var result = \u201c\u201d;\n for (i=0; i\u003c=len; i++) {\n result = result + chr;\n }\n return result;\n}\n\nvar exploit = \u201c[!\u201d + genstr(1000000, \u201c\\\\\u201d) + \u201cA\u201d;\n\n// minimatch exploit.\nconsole.log(\u201cstarting minimatch\u201d);\nminimatch(\u201cfoo\u201d, exploit);\nconsole.log(\u201cfinishing minimatch\u201d);\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 3.0.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-hxm2-r34f-qmc5",
"modified": "2023-09-11T22:02:05Z",
"published": "2018-10-09T00:40:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-10540"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-hxm2-r34f-qmc5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/118"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in minimatch"
}
GHSA-HXMP-PQCH-C8MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-12-09 18:21 – Updated: 2024-09-24 17:44Impact
A malicious or poorly-implemented homeserver can inject malformed events into a room by specifying a different room id in the path of a /send_join, /send_leave, /invite or /exchange_third_party_invite request.
This can lead to a denial of service in which future events will not be correctly sent to other servers over federation.
This affects any server which accepts federation requests from untrusted servers.
Patches
Issue is resolved by https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/8776.
Workarounds
Homeserver administrators could limit access to the federation API to trusted servers (for example via federation_domain_whitelist).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "matrix-synapse"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.23.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-26257"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-74",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-12-09T18:21:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-09T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA malicious or poorly-implemented homeserver can inject malformed events into a room by specifying a different room id in the path of a `/send_join`, `/send_leave`, `/invite` or `/exchange_third_party_invite` request.\n\nThis can lead to a denial of service in which future events will not be correctly sent to other servers over federation.\n\nThis affects any server which accepts federation requests from untrusted servers.\n\n### Patches\n\nIssue is resolved by https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/8776.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nHomeserver administrators could limit access to the federation API to trusted servers (for example via `federation_domain_whitelist`).",
"id": "GHSA-hxmp-pqch-c8mm",
"modified": "2024-09-24T17:44:50Z",
"published": "2020-12-09T18:21:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/security/advisories/GHSA-hxmp-pqch-c8mm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-26257"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/pull/8776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/commit/3ce2f303f15f6ac3dc352298972dc6e04d9b7a8b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse/blob/develop/CHANGES.md#synapse-1231-2020-12-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/matrix-synapse/PYSEC-2020-236.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/DBTIU3ZNBFWZ56V4X7JIAD33V5H2GOMC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QR4MMYZKX5N5GYGH4H5LBUUC5TLAFHI7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Denial of service attack via incorrect parameters in Matrix Synapse"
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.