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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-400

Discouraged

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.

6185 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-81876 (GCVE-0-2026-81876)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:48 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:02
VLAI
Title
HAPI FHIR: SHCParser DEFLATE infinite loop causes denial of service
Summary
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to version 6.9.12, SHCParser in org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/elementmodel/SHCParser.java can enter an infinite loop while processing attacker-controlled Smart Health Card JWT content whose header contains zip: "DEF" and whose raw-DEFLATE payload is empty or truncated. SHCParser.decodeJWT() reaches SHCParser.inflate(), where Inflater.inflate() can return zero while Inflater.finished() remains false and Inflater.needsInput() is true. The loop also lacks an Inflater.needsDictionary() termination check, SHCParser.decompress() contains the same zero-progress pattern, and ResourceChecker.java can reach SHC parsing during file-format detection. A malformed validation request can pin a JVM worker thread indefinitely, and concurrent requests can exhaust all validation workers. This issue is fixed in version 6.9.12.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:02 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-835 - Loop with Unreachable Exit Condition ('Infinite Loop')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hapifhir org.hl7.fhir.core Affected: < 6.9.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81875 (GCVE-0-2026-81875)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 18:44 – Updated: 2026-09-17 16:14
VLAI
Title
HAPI FHIR: SHCParser unbounded DEFLATE decompression causes denial of service
Summary
HAPI FHIR is a complete implementation of the HL7 FHIR standard for healthcare interoperability in Java. Prior to version 6.9.12, SHCParser in org.hl7.fhir.r5/src/main/java/org/hl7/fhir/r5/elementmodel/SHCParser.java can consume attacker-controlled Smart Health Card JWT content whose header contains zip: "DEF" and whose small raw-DEFLATE payload expands to a very large value. SHCParser.decodeJWT() passes the decoded payload to SHCParser.inflate(), which accumulates all decompressed bytes in a ByteArrayOutputStream without an output-size limit before JSON parsing, and SHCParser.decompress() contains the same unbounded pattern. An application or validator service that accepts attacker-supplied SHC content can therefore suffer excessive heap allocation, severe garbage-collection pressure, request failure, process instability, or process termination. This issue is fixed in version 6.9.12.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 16:14 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-20 - Improper Input Validation
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-409 - Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification)
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
hapifhir org.hl7.fhir.core Affected: < 6.9.12
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81872 (GCVE-0-2026-81872)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:42 – Updated: 2026-09-17 13:36
VLAI
Title
OpenTelemetry-Go: BatchProcessor can busy-spin when export buffer is full
Summary
OpenTelemetry-Go is the Go implementation of OpenTelemetry. Prior to version 0.21.0, the go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log BatchingProcessor can enter a tight CPU loop when attacker-driven log emission fills its asynchronous export buffer while the exporter is backpressured. NewBatchingProcessor wraps the exporter with newBufferExporter(exporter, 1), and the poll loop calls queue.TryDequeue and bufferExporter.EnqueueExport before immediately signaling pollTrigger whenever the queue remains at or above batchSize. Because a failed nonblocking EnqueueExport leaves the queue length unchanged, the processor repeatedly retries without waiting for its ticker, exhausting CPU and degrading or denying service in the embedding process. This issue is fixed in version 0.21.0.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 13:36 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-834 - Excessive Iteration
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81869 (GCVE-0-2026-81869)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 20:41 – Updated: 2026-09-17 14:15
VLAI
Title
OpenTelemetry-Go: UTF-8 replacement rune bypasses attribute length truncation
Summary
OpenTelemetry-Go is the Go implementation of OpenTelemetry. From version 1.10.0 until 1.33.0, the sdk/trace/span.go attribute truncation path can fail to enforce AttributeValueLengthLimit for string and string-slice attributes containing the valid Unicode replacement character U+FFFD. safeTruncateValidUTF8 treats the valid replacement rune as invalid UTF-8 and returns the original input, while strings.ToValidUTF8 leaves that valid rune unchanged, so a second safeTruncate attempt can also return the oversized value. An attacker who controls span attribute content can retain values longer than the configured limit, increasing per-span memory use and weakening denial-of-service protection in the instrumented process. This issue is fixed in version 1.33.0.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-17 14:15 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-176 - Improper Handling of Unicode Encoding
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
open-telemetry opentelemetry-go Affected: >= 1.10.0, < 1.33.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-81725 (GCVE-0-2026-81725)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-28 15:58
VLAI
Title
NLTK before 3.10.3 Regular Expression Denial of Service via Pl196xCorpusReader
Summary
NLTK before 3.10.3 contains a regular expression denial of service vulnerability in Pl196xCorpusReader that allows attackers to cause quadratic CPU consumption by supplying malformed TEI blocks with many unmatched opening tags. Attackers can exploit lazy regex patterns in the read_block method through public APIs like words() and tagged_words() to force repeated rescans and achieve near-quadratic runtime growth.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 18:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nltk nltk Affected: 0 , < 3.10.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.10.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nltk:nltk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81723 (GCVE-0-2026-81723)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-31 18:12
VLAI
Title
NLTK before 3.10.3 Quadratic CPU Exhaustion via XMLCorpusView
Summary
NLTK versions before 3.10.3 contain a quadratic CPU exhaustion vulnerability in XMLCorpusView._read_xml_fragment() that rescans accumulated XML fragments on every 1 KiB block read. Attackers can provide malformed XML corpus files to cause severe CPU consumption and denial of service through affected readers like BNCCorpusReader.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.7 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 18:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
nltk nltk Affected: 0 , < 3.10.3 (semver)
Unaffected: 3.10.3 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:nltk:nltk:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Credits
ibfavas
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81721 (GCVE-0-2026-81721)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-27 19:28
VLAI
Title
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via KDF
Summary
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 fails to validate KDF cost parameters in encrypted file metadata and keystore headers, allowing attackers to trigger unbounded memory allocation. Attackers can craft malicious encrypted files declaring arbitrarily large Argon2, scrypt, or balloon KDF parameters to exhaust system memory and crash the process without authentication.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 19:28 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jahlives openssl_encrypt Affected: 0 , < 1.4.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.4.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81720 (GCVE-0-2026-81720)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:51 – Updated: 2026-08-28 15:58
VLAI
Title
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via Unbounded Argon2
Summary
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 fails to validate the memory_cost parameter from identity file protection blocks, allowing attackers to trigger out-of-memory conditions during key derivation. Attackers with write access to local identity stores can craft malicious identity files with excessive memory_cost values that cause the host to crash when unlocking identities before authentication.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.2 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-27 18:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jahlives openssl_encrypt Affected: 0 , < 1.4.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.4.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-81687 (GCVE-0-2026-81687)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-27 14:50 – Updated: 2026-08-31 15:57
VLAI
Title
openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 Denial of Service via KDF
Summary
openssl_encrypt versions before 1.4.9 fail to enforce a time ceiling on key derivation function iteration counts specified in file metadata. Attackers can craft files with extremely high KDF iteration counts to consume CPU resources for unbounded periods before password verification occurs.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-31 15:56 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
jahlives openssl_encrypt Affected: 0 , < 1.4.9 (semver)
Unaffected: 1.4.9 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-79658 (GCVE-0-2026-79658)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-25 11:33 – Updated: 2026-08-29 13:38
VLAI
Title
Ech0 before 5.0.1 Denial of Service via Accept-Language
Summary
Ech0 before 5.0.1 does not impose any size or shape limit on the Accept-Language header processed by its i18n middleware, which runs on every HTTP request. The header is passed unfiltered to go-i18n's NewLocalizer, which internally calls golang.org/x/text/language.ParseAcceptLanguage. The CVE-2022-32149 mitigation in x/text caps '-' characters but not '_' characters, which the parser aliases to '-', allowing quadratic-time parsing to be triggered with a large header (up to Go's default 1 MiB) built from underscore separators. An unauthenticated attacker can send such requests to consume roughly 1.5 seconds of CPU each, and concurrent requests can saturate a multi-core server (denial of service).
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-26 15:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
lin-snow Ech0 Affected: 0 , < 5.0.1 (semver)
Unaffected: 5.0.1 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ech0:ech0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-04 00:00
Credits
tonghuaroot
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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              "description": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption",
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          "name": "GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-mqxv-9rm6-w8qc)",
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          "url": "https://github.com/lin-snow/Ech0/security/advisories/GHSA-mqxv-9rm6-w8qc"
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          "name": "VulnCheck Advisory: Ech0 before 5.0.1 Denial of Service via Accept-Language",
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          "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ech0-before-denial-of-service-via-accept-language"
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      ],
      "title": "Ech0 before 5.0.1 Denial of Service via Accept-Language",
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  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "83251b91-4cc7-4094-a5c7-464a1b83ea10",
    "assignerShortName": "VulnCheck",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-79658",
    "datePublished": "2026-08-25T11:33:23.319Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-25T11:09:11.171Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-08-29T13:38:26.568Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
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  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
  • The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
  • The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
  • recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
  • uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.

Mitigation
Implementation

Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.

CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death

An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.

CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement

An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.

CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup

An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.

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