Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-401

Weakness Allowed

Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not sufficiently track and release allocated memory after it has been used, making the memory unavailable for reallocation and reuse.

Dimensions

  • Behavior-Type: Release
  • Behavior-Property: Missing
  • Resource-Type: Memory
  • Resource-Property: after Effective Lifetime
Mapping guidance

This CWE entry is at the Variant level of abstraction, which is a preferred level of abstraction for mapping to the root causes of vulnerabilities.

Carefully read both the name and description to ensure that this mapping is an appropriate fit. Do not try to 'force' a mapping to a lower-level Base/Variant simply to comply with this preferred level of abstraction.

Relationships and members
ChildOf: CWE-772 · View CWE-1000
ChildOf: CWE-404 · View CWE-1003
ChildOf: CWE-404 · View CWE-1305
Modes of introduction
Implementation

Memory leaks have two common and sometimes overlapping causes:

Error conditions and other exceptional circumstances often triggered by improper handling of malformed data or unexpectedly interrupted sessions.

Confusion over which part of the program is responsible for freeing the memory, since in some languages, developers are responsible for tracking memory allocation and releasing the memory. If there are no more pointers or references to the memory, then it can no longer be tracked and identified for release.

Detection methods

Fuzzing

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a powerful technique for generating large numbers of diverse inputs - either randomly or algorithmically - and dynamically invoking the code with those inputs. Even with random inputs, it is often capable of generating unexpected results such as crashes, memory corruption, or resource consumption. Fuzzing effectively produces repeatable test cases that clearly indicate bugs, which helps developers to diagnose the issues.

Effectiveness: High

Automated Dynamic Analysis

Use tools that are integrated during compilation to insert runtime error-checking mechanisms related to memory safety errors, such as AddressSanitizer (ASan) for C/C++ [REF-1518] or valgrind [REF-480].

Effectiveness: Moderate

Crafted inputs are necessary to reach the code containing the error, such as generated by fuzzers. Also, these tools may reduce performance, and they only report the error condition - not the original mistake that led to the error.

Automated Static Analysis

Automated static analysis, commonly referred to as Static Application Security Testing (SAST), can find some instances of this weakness by analyzing source code (or binary/compiled code) without having to execute it. Typically, this is done by building a model of data flow and control flow, then searching for potentially-vulnerable patterns that connect "sources" (origins of input) with "sinks" (destinations where the data interacts with external components, a lower layer such as the OS, etc.)

Effectiveness: High

Notes

Relationship

This is often a resultant weakness due to improper handling of malformed data or early termination of sessions.

Terminology

"memory leak" has sometimes been used to describe other kinds of issues, e.g. for information leaks in which the contents of memory are inadvertently leaked (CVE-2003-0400 is one such example of this terminology conflict).

Content history
Submission: PLOVER · 2006-07-19 · CWE Draft 3
Modification: Eric Dalci · Cigital · 2008-07-01 · CWE 1.0

updated Time_of_Introduction

Modification: · KDM Analytics · 2008-08-01 · CWE 1.0

added/updated white box definitions

Modification: · Veracode · 2008-08-15 · CWE 1.0

Suggested OWASP Top Ten 2004 mapping

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-09-08 · CWE 1.0

updated Applicable_Platforms, Common_Consequences, Relationships, Other_Notes, References, Relationship_Notes, Taxonomy_Mappings, Terminology_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2008-10-14 · CWE 1.0.1

updated Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-03-10 · CWE 1.3

updated Other_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-05-27 · CWE 1.4

updated Name

Modification: KDM Analytics · 2009-07-17 · CWE 1.5

Improved the White_Box_Definition

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-07-27 · CWE 1.5

updated White_Box_Definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2009-10-29 · CWE 1.6

updated Modes_of_Introduction, Other_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-02-16 · CWE 1.8

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-06-21 · CWE 1.9

updated Other_Notes, Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2010-12-13 · CWE 1.11

updated Demonstrative_Examples, Name

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-03-29 · CWE 1.12

updated Alternate_Terms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2011-06-01 · CWE 1.13

updated Common_Consequences, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-05-11 · CWE 2.2

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2012-10-30 · CWE 2.3

updated Potential_Mitigations

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2013-02-21 · CWE 2.4

updated Observed_Examples

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-02-18 · CWE 2.6

updated Potential_Mitigations, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2014-07-30 · CWE 2.8

updated Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2017-11-08 · CWE 3.0

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, White_Box_Definitions

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-01-03 · CWE 3.2

updated Common_Consequences, Demonstrative_Examples, Name, References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings, Type, Weakness_Ordinalities

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2019-06-20 · CWE 3.3

updated Description, Name

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-02-24 · CWE 4.0

updated References, Relationships, Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2020-08-20 · CWE 4.2

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2021-03-15 · CWE 4.4

updated Relationships

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2022-10-13 · CWE 4.9

updated Taxonomy_Mappings

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-01-31 · CWE 4.10

updated Common_Consequences, Description

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-04-27 · CWE 4.11

updated Detection_Factors, References, Relationships, Time_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2023-06-29 · CWE 4.12

updated Mapping_Notes

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-04-03 · CWE 4.17

updated Description, Diagram, Modes_of_Introduction

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2025-12-11 · CWE 4.19

updated Applicable_Platforms

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-04-30 · CWE 4.20

updated Alternate_Terms, Detection_Factors, Potential_Mitigations, References

Modification: CWE Content Team · MITRE · 2026-10-28 · CWE 5.0

updated Dimensions, Observed_Examples, References

2299 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-121512 (GCVE-0-2026-121512)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 14:18 – Updated: 2026-11-03 15:29
VLAI
Title
Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime in µD3TN
Summary
Memory Leak with Amplification in µD3TN BPv6 EID Reference Handling allows Unauthenticated Remote Attacker to Cause DoS
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 15:16 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
GitLab CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 75/100 over 304 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
D3TN GmbH µD3TN Affected: 0 , < 0.15.2 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
riccardo.nannini@anvilsecure.com
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-120678 (GCVE-0-2026-120678)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 18:39 – Updated: 2026-11-03 20:11
VLAI
Title
MongoDB C Driver leaks the decompressed reply buffer when an OP_COMPRESSED reply fails to parse (denial of service)
Summary
A memory management flaw in the MongoDB C Driver's handling of compressed responses may cause the client library to hold on to memory that is never released. An unauthenticated party that controls the database endpoint a client application connects to may cause repeated, unbounded memory growth in that application, which may result in the application becoming unavailable. No credentials, transport security settings, or user interaction are required.
Severity
8.7 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 20:11 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
mongodb CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 235 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MongoDB C Driver Affected: 1.25.0 , ≤ 1.30.14 (semver)
Affected: 2.0.0 , ≤ 2.5.7 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-120440 (GCVE-0-2026-120440)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-02 14:29 – Updated: 2026-11-02 17:33
VLAI
Title
QuickJS-NG before 0.16.0 Memory Leak via Atomics.store
Summary
QuickJS-NG before 0.16.0 contains a memory leak vulnerability in js_atomics_store() in quickjs.c that fails to free the converted value when returning a RangeError. Attackers running JavaScript can repeatedly call Atomics.store with a valueOf that detaches or shrinks the buffer to exhaust heap memory and cause denial of service.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 17:12 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
quickjs-ng QuickJS-NG Affected: 0 , < 0.16.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:quickjs_project:quickjs:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-07-31 00:00
Credits
Tristan Madani (Talence Security) Saúl Ibarra Corretgé
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-119286 (GCVE-0-2026-119286)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 21:38 – Updated: 2026-10-30 15:58
VLAI
Title
GraphQL-core: Denial of service via memory leak in aborted validations
Summary
GraphQL-core is a Python port of the GraphQL.js reference implementation. From 3.3.0a3 until 3.3.1, validate() reuses a module-level ValidationAbortedError when a document exceeds max_errors. Python appends frames to the reused exception's traceback on every raise, retaining each document, validation context, and error set for the process lifetime. An unauthenticated client can repeatedly submit a small document with more than 100 validation errors to cause unbounded memory growth before query execution, eventually exhausting worker memory without disclosing or modifying data. This issue is fixed in version 3.3.1.
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-30 15:47 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-400 - Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7980 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
graphql-python graphql-core Affected: >= 3.3.0a3, < 3.3.1
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116159 (GCVE-0-2026-116159)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 16:48
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 Memory Leak via -cdl Option
Summary
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak in the handling of the -cdl (color decision list) option, where allocated memory is not cleaned up after use. Attackers can supply input that causes the -cdl option to be processed, repeatedly leaking memory and degrading availability through resource exhaustion.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 15:38 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Credits
manus-pi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116158 (GCVE-0-2026-116158)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:48
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-33 Memory Leak in magick compare
Summary
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak vulnerability in the magick compare command caused by missing cleanup when an operation fails. Attackers can supply inputs that trigger repeated failed compare operations to exhaust memory and cause denial of service.
Severity
2 (Low)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
2.5 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 19:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-33 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:imagemagick:imagemagick:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116157 (GCVE-0-2026-116157)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:48
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-33 Memory Leak in PerlMagick Property Reading
Summary
ImageMagick before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak vulnerability in PerlMagick that fails to free values returned when reading image properties. Attackers can repeatedly trigger property reads through five affected PerlMagick code locations to exhaust memory and cause denial of service.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 19:39 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-33 (custom)
    cpe:2.3:a:imagemagick:imagemagick:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116156 (GCVE-0-2026-116156)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:48
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 Memory Leak via -set profile Option
Summary
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak caused by a missing cleanup when the -set profile option is used. An attacker who induces a user to process images with the -set profile option can leak memory, potentially exhausting resources and causing a denial of service.
Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
3.3 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 19:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Credits
manus-pi
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116155 (GCVE-0-2026-116155)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 16:48
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 Memory Leak via Crafted XMP Profile
Summary
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak in the handling of XMP profiles by various decoders. Attackers can supply images with a crafted XMP profile that leak memory each time they are processed, leading to resource exhaustion and denial of service.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 15:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Credits
VikzSharma
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-116154 (GCVE-0-2026-116154)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-25 13:20 – Updated: 2026-10-26 19:58
VLAI
Title
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 Memory Leak via XML Parsing Depth Limit
Summary
ImageMagick before 6.9.13-58 and 7.x before 7.1.2-33 contains a memory leak in its XML parsing code, where allocated memory is not released when parsing reaches the nesting depth limit. Attackers can supply crafted, deeply nested XML data to trigger the leak, causing memory exhaustion and denial of service.
Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-26 19:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-401 - Missing Release of Memory after Effective Lifetime
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7433 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 7.0.0-0 , < 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Unaffected: 7.1.2-33 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
ImageMagick ImageMagick Affected: 0 , < 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Unaffected: 6.9.13-58 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-10 00:00
Credits
VikzSharma
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-41
Implementation

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

  • Choose a language or tool that provides automatic memory management, or makes manual memory management less error-prone.
  • For example, glibc in Linux provides protection against free of invalid pointers.
  • When using Xcode to target OS X or iOS, enable automatic reference counting (ARC) [REF-391].
  • To help correctly and consistently manage memory when programming in C++, consider using a smart pointer class such as std::auto_ptr (defined by ISO/IEC ISO/IEC 14882:2003), std::shared_ptr and std::unique_ptr (specified by an upcoming revision of the C++ standard, informally referred to as C++ 1x), or equivalent solutions such as Boost.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an abstraction library to abstract away risky APIs. Not a complete solution.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Build and Compilation

Consider using the Boehm-Demers-Weiser garbage collector (bdwgc), which can help avoid leaks.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.

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