Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

6028 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CWH7-P5VC-3C9X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 18:30
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type for some Intel(R) CIP software before version WIN_DCA_2.4.0.11001 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. Unprivileged software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data manipulation. This result may potentially occur via network access when attack requirements are present with special internal knowledge and requires passive user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-24862"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T17:15:43Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted upload of file with dangerous type for some Intel(R) CIP software before version WIN_DCA_2.4.0.11001 within Ring 3: User Applications may allow an escalation of privilege. Unprivileged software adversary with a privileged user combined with a high complexity attack may enable data manipulation. This result may potentially occur via network access when attack requirements are present with special internal knowledge and requires passive user interaction. The potential vulnerability may impact the confidentiality (none), integrity (low) and availability (none) of the vulnerable system, resulting in subsequent system confidentiality (none), integrity (none) and availability (none) impacts.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwh7-p5vc-3c9x",
  "modified": "2025-11-11T18:30:18Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T18:30:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24862"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01328.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWPG-W65C-X3H2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-19 21:30 – Updated: 2023-01-25 21:30
VLAI
Details

PopojiCMS v2.0.1 backend plugin function has a file upload vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-47766"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-01-19T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "PopojiCMS v2.0.1 backend plugin function has a file upload vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwpg-w65c-x3h2",
  "modified": "2023-01-25T21:30:19Z",
  "published": "2023-01-19T21:30:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/PopojiCMS/PopojiCMS/issues/35"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWPX-HFWR-748Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-24 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in WP Lab WP-Lister Lite for eBay.This issue affects WP-Lister Lite for eBay: from n/a through 3.5.11.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-32836"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-24T08:15:41Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in WP Lab WP-Lister Lite for eBay.This issue affects WP-Lister Lite for eBay: from n/a through 3.5.11.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwpx-hfwr-748q",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:31:46Z",
  "published": "2024-04-24T09:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32836"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/wp-lister-for-ebay/vulnerability/wordpress-wp-lister-lite-for-ebay-plugin-3-5-11-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-lister-for-ebay/wordpress-wp-lister-lite-for-ebay-plugin-3-5-11-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWQ2-35X4-44PQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-18 06:30 – Updated: 2026-04-18 06:30
VLAI
Details

The CMP – Coming Soon & Maintenance Plugin by NiteoThemes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file upload and remote code execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.1.16 via the cmp_theme_update_install AJAX action. This is due to the function only checking for the publish_pages capability (available to Editors and above) instead of manage_options (Administrators only), combined with a lack of proper validation on the user-supplied file URL and no verification of the downloaded file's content before extraction. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to force the server to download and extract a malicious ZIP file from a remote attacker-controlled URL into a web-accessible directory (wp-content/plugins/cmp-premium-themes/), resulting in remote code execution. Due to the lack of a nonce for Editors, they are unable to exploit this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-6518"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-18T05:16:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The CMP \u2013 Coming Soon \u0026 Maintenance Plugin by NiteoThemes plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file upload and remote code execution in all versions up to, and including, 4.1.16 via the `cmp_theme_update_install` AJAX action. This is due to the function only checking for the `publish_pages` capability (available to Editors and above) instead of `manage_options` (Administrators only), combined with a lack of proper validation on the user-supplied file URL and no verification of the downloaded file\u0027s content before extraction. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Administrator-level access and above, to force the server to download and extract a malicious ZIP file from a remote attacker-controlled URL into a web-accessible directory (`wp-content/plugins/cmp-premium-themes/`), resulting in remote code execution. Due to the lack of a nonce for Editors, they are unable to exploit this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwq2-35x4-44pq",
  "modified": "2026-04-18T06:30:14Z",
  "published": "2026-04-18T06:30:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6518"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/cmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.16/niteo-cmp.php#L1421"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/cmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.16/niteo-cmp.php#L1437"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/cmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.16/niteo-cmp.php#L1447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=%2Fcmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.16\u0026new_path=%2Fcmp-coming-soon-maintenance/tags/4.1.17"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/d6fb275b-dbba-46df-b170-977ef4a84c4c?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWV5-FQMQ-FWM6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-25 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32
VLAI
Details

An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Webkul Qloapps v1.6.0.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-40318"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-25T19:15:10Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in Webkul Qloapps v1.6.0.0 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via uploading a crafted file.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwv5-fqmq-fwm6",
  "modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:10Z",
  "published": "2024-07-25T21:31:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-40318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/3v1lC0d3/RCE-QloApps/blob/main/qloapps--RCE.pdf"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWX3-G48M-38FV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-13 12:00
VLAI
Details

The d8s-networking package for Python, as distributed on PyPI, included a potential code-execution backdoor inserted by a third party. The backdoor is the democritus-hashes package. The affected version is 0.1.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-42042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The d8s-networking package for Python, as distributed on PyPI, included a potential code-execution backdoor inserted by a third party. The backdoor is the democritus-hashes package. The affected version is 0.1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwx3-g48m-38fv",
  "modified": "2022-10-13T12:00:27Z",
  "published": "2022-10-12T12:00:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dadadadada111/info/issues/3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/d8s-networking"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pypi.org/project/democritus-hashes"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWX9-RP4W-4545

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:59
VLAI
Summary
Mingsoft MCMS vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via file upload.
Details

Mingsoft MCMS is a Java CMS. Versions prior to and including 5.2.5 contain a file upload vulnerability allowing for a jspx webshell to be uploaded via net.mingsoft.basic.action.web.FileAction#upload, resulting in remote code execution. It is unclear if this issue has been patched.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "net.mingsoft:ms-mcms"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "5.2.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-46386"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-25T19:59:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-26T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Mingsoft MCMS is a Java CMS. Versions prior to and including 5.2.5 contain a file upload vulnerability allowing for a jspx webshell to be uploaded via net.mingsoft.basic.action.web.FileAction#upload, resulting in remote code execution. It is unclear if this issue has been patched.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwx9-rp4w-4545",
  "modified": "2022-10-25T19:59:06Z",
  "published": "2022-01-27T00:01:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46386"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/mingSoft/MCMS"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitee.com/mingSoft/MCMS/issues/I4R0GW"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ming-soft/MCMS"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Mingsoft MCMS vulnerable to Remote Code Execution via file upload."
}

GHSA-CX93-JJ3R-2X2V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-12 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-12 21:31
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was detected in itsourcecode Online Voting System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /index.php?page=manage_voting. Performing manipulation results in unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-13061"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-12T21:15:48Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was detected in itsourcecode Online Voting System 1.0. This impacts an unknown function of the file /index.php?page=manage_voting. Performing manipulation results in unrestricted upload. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-cx93-jj3r-2x2v",
  "modified": "2025-11-12T21:31:09Z",
  "published": "2025-11-12T21:31:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13061"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/yihaofuweng/cve/issues/55"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://itsourcecode.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.332188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.332188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.682587"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CXJ4-6HJW-FCM6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:02 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:02
VLAI
Details

File Upload vulnerability exists in ArticleCMS 1.0 via the image upload feature at /admin by changing the Content-Type to image/jpeg and placing PHP code after the JPEG data, which could let a remote malicious user execute arbitrary PHP code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-20092"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-13T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "File Upload vulnerability exists in ArticleCMS 1.0 via the image upload feature at /admin by changing the Content-Type to image/jpeg and placing PHP code after the JPEG data, which could let a remote malicious user execute arbitrary PHP code.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxj4-6hjw-fcm6",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:02:21Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:02:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-20092"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/woider/ArticleCMS/issues/8"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-CXJ5-MWC8-G86C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-16 15:34 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34
VLAI
Details

The Ready_ application's Profile section allows users to upload files of any type and extension without restriction. If the server is misconfigured, as it was by default when installed at the turn of 2021 and 2022, it can result in Remote Code Execution. Refer to the Required Configuration for Exposure section for more information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-1980"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-16T13:15:44Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The Ready_ application\u0027s Profile section allows users to upload files of any type and extension without restriction. If the server is misconfigured, as it was by default when installed at the turn of 2021 and 2022, it can result in Remote Code Execution. Refer to the Required Configuration for Exposure section for more information.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxj5-mwc8-g86c",
  "modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:32Z",
  "published": "2025-04-16T15:34:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/04/CVE-2025-1980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2025/04/CVE-2025-1980"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ready-os.com/pl"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.