Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

551 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-58G3-53QW-G6M8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-19 15:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in SoupServer. This HTTP request smuggling vulnerability occurs because SoupServer improperly handles requests that combine Transfer-Encoding: chunked and Connection: keep-alive headers. A remote, unauthenticated client can exploit this by sending specially crafted requests, causing SoupServer to fail to close the connection as required by RFC 9112. This allows the attacker to smuggle additional requests over the persistent connection, leading to unintended request processing and potential denial-of-service (DoS) conditions.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1760"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-02T14:16:34Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in SoupServer. This HTTP request smuggling vulnerability occurs because SoupServer improperly handles requests that combine Transfer-Encoding: chunked and Connection: keep-alive headers. A remote, unauthenticated client can exploit this by sending specially crafted requests, causing SoupServer to fail to close the connection as required by RFC 9112. This allows the attacker to smuggle additional requests over the persistent connection, leading to unintended request processing and potential denial-of-service (DoS) conditions.",
  "id": "GHSA-58g3-53qw-g6m8",
  "modified": "2026-03-19T15:31:10Z",
  "published": "2026-02-02T15:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1760"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1760"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2435951"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libsoup/-/issues/475"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-59HG-JXH2-2QG8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01
VLAI
Details

An exploitable vulnerability exists in the REST parser of video-core's HTTP server of the Samsung SmartThings Hub STH-ETH-250 - Firmware version 0.20.17. The video-core process incorrectly handles pipelined HTTP requests, which allows successive requests to overwrite the previously parsed HTTP method, 'onmessagecomplete' callback. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-3909"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-24T00:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An exploitable vulnerability exists in the REST parser of video-core\u0027s HTTP server of the Samsung SmartThings Hub STH-ETH-250 - Firmware version 0.20.17. The video-core process incorrectly handles pipelined HTTP requests, which allows successive requests to overwrite the previously parsed HTTP method, \u0027onmessagecomplete\u0027 callback. An attacker can send an HTTP request to trigger this vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-59hg-jxh2-2qg8",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:01:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3909"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0577"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5GG7-5WV8-4GCJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2024-03-20 14:32
VLAI
Summary
Undertow Request Smuggling vulnerability
Details

It was discovered that Undertow before 1.4.17, 1.3.31 and 2.0.0 processes http request headers with unusual whitespaces which can cause possible http request smuggling.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.undertow:undertow-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.undertow:undertow-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.undertow:undertow-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.0.0.Alpha1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.0.0.Beta1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "2.0.0.Alpha1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-12165"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-11-08T12:39:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-27T15:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "It was discovered that Undertow before 1.4.17, 1.3.31 and 2.0.0 processes http request headers with unusual whitespaces which can cause possible http request smuggling.",
  "id": "GHSA-5gg7-5wv8-4gcj",
  "modified": "2024-03-20T14:32:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:38:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12165"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow/commit/1e72647818c9fb31b693a953b1ae595a6c82eb7f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow/commit/5b008b7ac312c6cdb76679ff58c43620bb79d44f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow/commit/691440ee58259fba76711b60d56dde6679808bdc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2017-12165"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/undertow-io/undertow"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.redhat.com/browse/UNDERTOW-1251"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Undertow Request Smuggling vulnerability"
}

GHSA-5HV8-7F46-FXF6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2026-03-06 18:31
VLAI
Details

Acceptance of some invalid Transfer-Encoding headers in the HTTP/1 client in net/http before Go 1.17.12 and Go 1.18.4 allows HTTP request smuggling if combined with an intermediate server that also improperly fails to reject the header as invalid.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-1705"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Acceptance of some invalid Transfer-Encoding headers in the HTTP/1 client in net/http before Go 1.17.12 and Go 1.18.4 allows HTTP request smuggling if combined with an intermediate server that also improperly fails to reject the header as invalid.",
  "id": "GHSA-5hv8-7f46-fxf6",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T18:31:09Z",
  "published": "2022-08-11T00:00:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1705"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/cl/409874"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/cl/410714"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.dev/issue/53188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://go.googlesource.com/go/+/e5017a93fcde94f09836200bca55324af037ee5f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/nqrv9fbR0zE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/RQXU752ALW53OJAF5MG3WMR5CCZVLWW6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2022-0525"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5RRX-JJJQ-Q2R5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 20:32 – Updated: 2025-10-21 21:04
VLAI
Summary
Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2025-55315: .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
Details

Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2025-55315: .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability

Executive summary

Microsoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in ASP.NET Core 10.0 , ASP.NET Core 9.0 , ASP.NET Core 8.0, and ASP.NET Core 2.3. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to address this vulnerability.

Inconsistent interpretation of http requests ('http request/response smuggling') in ASP.NET Core allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.

Discussion

Discussion for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/371

Mitigation factors

Microsoft has not identified any mitigating factors for this vulnerability.

Affected software

  • Any ASP.NET Core 10.0 application running on ASP.NET Core 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 or earlier.
  • Any ASP.NET Core 9.0 application running on ASP.NET Core 9.0.9 or earlier.
  • Any ASP.NET Core application running on ASP.NET Core 8.0.20 or earlier.
  • Any ASP.NET Core 2.x application consuming the package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core version 2.3.0 or earlier.

Affected Packages

The vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET Core project if it uses any of affected packages versions listed below

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core <= 2.3.0 2.3.6

ASP.NET Core 10

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107

ASP.NET Core 9

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 9.0.0, <= 9.0.9 9.0.10

ASP.NET Core 8

Package name Affected version Patched version
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21
Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86 >= 8.0.0, <= 8.0.20 8.0.21

Advisory FAQ

How do I know if I am affected?

If you have a runtime or SDK with a version listed, or an affected package listed in affected software or affected packages, you're exposed to the vulnerability.

How do I fix the issue?

  1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET 9.0 and .NET 8.0. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET SDKs.
  2. If your application references the vulnerable package, update the package reference to the patched version.

  3. You can list the versions you have installed by running the dotnet --info command. You will see output like the following;

.NET SDK:
 Version:           9.0.100
 Commit:            59db016f11
 Workload version:  9.0.100-manifests.3068a692
 MSBuild version:   17.12.7+5b8665660

Runtime Environment:
 OS Name:     Mac OS X
 OS Version:  15.2
 OS Platform: Darwin
 RID:         osx-arm64
 Base Path:   /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/9.0.100/

.NET workloads installed:
There are no installed workloads to display.
Configured to use loose manifests when installing new manifests.

Host:
  Version:      9.0.0
  Architecture: arm64
  Commit:       9d5a6a9aa4

.NET SDKs installed:
  9.0.100 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]

.NET runtimes installed:
  Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 9.0.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]
  Microsoft.NETCore.App 9.0.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]

Other architectures found:
  x64   [/usr/local/share/dotnet]
    registered at [/etc/dotnet/install_location_x64]

Environment variables:
  Not set

global.json file:
  Not found

Learn more:
  https://aka.ms/dotnet/info

Download .NET:
  https://aka.ms/dotnet/download
  • If you're using .NET 8.0, you should download and install .NET 8.0.21 Runtime or .NET 8.0.318 SDK (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.10 latest update) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/8.0.
  • If you're using .NET 9.0, you should download and install .NET 9.0.10 Runtime or .NET 9.0.111 SDK (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.12 latest update) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/9.0.
  • If you're using .NET 10.0, you should download and install .NET 10.0.0-rc.2.25476.107 Runtime or .NET 10.0.100-rc.2.25476.107 SDK (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.12 latest update) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/10.0.
  • If you're using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core nuget package, update to the latest version 2.3.6 using either of the following methods:

    • Using the NuGet Package Manager UI in Visual Studio: - Open your project in Visual Studio. - Right-click on your project in Solution Explorer and select "Manage NuGet Packages..." or navigate to "Project > Manage NuGet Packages". - In the NuGet Package Manager window, select the "Updates" tab. This tab lists packages with available updates from your configured package sources. - Select the package(s) you wish to update. You can choose a specific version from the dropdown or update to the latest available version. - Click the "Update" button.

    • Using the NuGet Package Manager Console in Visual Studio: - Open your project in Visual Studio. - Navigate to "Tools > NuGet Package Manager > Package Manager Console". - To update a specific package to its latest version, use the Update-Package command: Code:

          Update-Package -Id Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core
      
    • Using the .NET CLI (Command Line Interface): Open a terminal or command prompt in your project's directory. To update a specific package to its latest version: Code:

          dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core
      

Once you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.

Additionally, if you've deployed self-contained applications targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.

Other Information

Reporting Security Issues

If you have found a potential security issue in .NET 8.0, .NET 9.0 or .NET 10.0, please email details to secure@microsoft.com. Reports may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Core & .NET 5 Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at https://aka.ms/corebounty.

Support

You can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.

Disclaimer

The information provided in this advisory is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.

External Links

Acknowledgement

Sid

CVE-2025-55315

Revisions

V1.0 (October 14, 2025): Advisory published.

Version 1.0

Last Updated 2025-10-14

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.3.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ],
      "versions": [
        "10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107"
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.0.9"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "9.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.0.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.0.20"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "NuGet",
        "name": "Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "8.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "8.0.21"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55315"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-14T20:32:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T17:15:44Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "# Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2025-55315: .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability\n\n## \u003ca name=\"executive-summary\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eExecutive summary\n\nMicrosoft is releasing this security advisory to provide information about a vulnerability in ASP.NET Core 10.0 , ASP.NET Core 9.0 , ASP.NET Core 8.0, and ASP.NET Core 2.3. This advisory also provides guidance on what developers can do to update their applications to address this vulnerability.\n\nInconsistent interpretation of http requests (\u0027http request/response smuggling\u0027) in ASP.NET Core allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network.\n\n## Discussion\n\nDiscussion for this issue can be found at https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/371\n\n### \u003ca name=\"mitigation-factors\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eMitigation factors\n\nMicrosoft has not identified any mitigating factors for this vulnerability.\n\n## \u003ca name=\"affected-software\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eAffected software\n\n* Any ASP.NET Core 10.0 application running on ASP.NET Core 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 or earlier.\n* Any ASP.NET Core 9.0 application running on ASP.NET Core 9.0.9 or earlier.\n* Any ASP.NET Core application running on ASP.NET Core 8.0.20 or earlier.\n* Any ASP.NET Core 2.x application consuming the package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core version 2.3.0 or earlier.\n\n## \u003ca name=\"affected-packages\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eAffected Packages\nThe vulnerability affects any Microsoft .NET Core project if it uses any of affected packages versions listed below\n\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core) | \u003c= 2.3.0  | 2.3.6\n\n### \u003ca name=\"ASP.NET Core 10\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eASP.NET Core 10\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)           | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)     | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64) | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)     | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)                   | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)                   | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)                   | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)                   | 10.0.0-rc.1.25451.107 | 10.0.0-rc.2.25502.107\n\n### \u003ca name=\"ASP.NET Core 9\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eASP.NET Core 9\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)           | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)     | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64) | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)     | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)                   | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)                   | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)                   | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)                   | \u003e= 9.0.0, \u003c= 9.0.9 | 9.0.10\n\n\n### \u003ca name=\"ASP.NET Core 8\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eASP.NET Core 8\nPackage name | Affected version | Patched version\n------------ | ---------------- | -------------------------\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-arm64)           | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm)     | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-arm64) | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-musl-x64)     | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.linux-x64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.osx-x64)                   | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm)                   | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-arm64)               | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x64)                   | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n[Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App.Runtime.win-x86)                   | \u003e= 8.0.0, \u003c= 8.0.20 | 8.0.21\n\n## Advisory FAQ\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-affected\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I know if I am affected?\n\nIf you have a runtime or SDK with a version listed, or an affected package listed in [affected software](#affected-packages) or [affected packages](#affected-software), you\u0027re exposed to the vulnerability.\n\n### \u003ca name=\"how-fix\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow do I fix the issue?\n\n1. To fix the issue please install the latest version of .NET 9.0 and .NET 8.0. If you have installed one or more .NET SDKs through Visual Studio, Visual Studio will prompt you to update Visual Studio, which will also update your .NET  SDKs.\n2. If your application references the vulnerable package, update the package reference to the patched version.\n\n* You can list the versions you have installed by running the `dotnet --info` command. You will see output like the following;\n\n```\n.NET SDK:\n Version:           9.0.100\n Commit:            59db016f11\n Workload version:  9.0.100-manifests.3068a692\n MSBuild version:   17.12.7+5b8665660\n\nRuntime Environment:\n OS Name:     Mac OS X\n OS Version:  15.2\n OS Platform: Darwin\n RID:         osx-arm64\n Base Path:   /usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk/9.0.100/\n\n.NET workloads installed:\nThere are no installed workloads to display.\nConfigured to use loose manifests when installing new manifests.\n\nHost:\n  Version:      9.0.0\n  Architecture: arm64\n  Commit:       9d5a6a9aa4\n\n.NET SDKs installed:\n  9.0.100 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/sdk]\n\n.NET runtimes installed:\n  Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 9.0.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]\n  Microsoft.NETCore.App 9.0.0 [/usr/local/share/dotnet/shared/Microsoft.NETCore.App]\n\nOther architectures found:\n  x64   [/usr/local/share/dotnet]\n    registered at [/etc/dotnet/install_location_x64]\n\nEnvironment variables:\n  Not set\n\nglobal.json file:\n  Not found\n\nLearn more:\n  https://aka.ms/dotnet/info\n\nDownload .NET:\n  https://aka.ms/dotnet/download\n```\n\n* If you\u0027re using .NET 8.0, you should download and install .NET 8.0.21  Runtime or .NET 8.0.318 SDK (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.10 latest update) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/8.0.\n* If you\u0027re using .NET 9.0, you should download and install .NET 9.0.10  Runtime or .NET 9.0.111 SDK (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.12 latest update) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/9.0.\n* If you\u0027re using .NET 10.0, you should download and install .NET 10.0.0-rc.2.25476.107 Runtime or .NET 10.0.100-rc.2.25476.107 SDK (for Visual Studio 2022 v17.12 latest update) from https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core/10.0.\n* If you\u0027re using [Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core) nuget package, update to the latest version 2.3.6 using either of the following methods:\n\n    * Using the NuGet Package Manager UI in Visual Studio:\n            - Open your project in Visual Studio.\n            - Right-click on your project in Solution Explorer and select \"Manage NuGet Packages...\" or navigate to \"Project \u003e Manage NuGet Packages\".\n            - In the NuGet Package Manager window, select the \"Updates\" tab. This tab lists packages with available updates from your configured package sources.\n            - Select the package(s) you wish to update. You can choose a specific version from the dropdown or update to the latest available version.\n            - Click the \"Update\" button.\n\n    * Using the NuGet Package Manager Console in Visual Studio:\n            - Open your project in Visual Studio.\n            - Navigate to \"Tools \u003e NuGet Package Manager \u003e Package Manager Console\".\n            - To update a specific package to its latest version, use the Update-Package command:\n                Code:\n\n                Update-Package -Id Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core\n\n    * Using the .NET CLI (Command Line Interface):\n            Open a terminal or command prompt in your project\u0027s directory.\n            To update a specific package to its latest version:\n                Code:\n\n                dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Server.Kestrel.Core\n\nOnce you have installed the updated runtime or SDK, restart your apps for the update to take effect.\n\nAdditionally, if you\u0027ve deployed [self-contained applications](https://docs.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/deploying/#self-contained-deployments-scd) targeting any of the impacted versions, these applications are also vulnerable and must be recompiled and redeployed.\n\n## Other Information\n\n### Reporting Security Issues\n\nIf you have found a potential security issue in .NET 8.0, .NET 9.0 or .NET 10.0, please email details to secure@microsoft.com. Reports may qualify for the Microsoft .NET Core \u0026 .NET 5 Bounty. Details of the Microsoft .NET Bounty Program including terms and conditions are at \u003chttps://aka.ms/corebounty\u003e.\n\n### Support\n\nYou can ask questions about this issue on GitHub in the .NET GitHub organization. The main repos are located at https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore. The Announcements repo (https://github.com/dotnet/Announcements) will contain this bulletin as an issue and will include a link to a discussion issue. You can ask questions in the linked discussion issue.\n\n### Disclaimer\n\nThe information provided in this advisory is provided \"as is\" without warranty of any kind. Microsoft disclaims all warranties, either express or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. In no event shall Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers be liable for any damages whatsoever including direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, loss of business profits or special damages, even if Microsoft Corporation or its suppliers have been advised of the possibility of such damages. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of liability for consequential or incidental damages so the foregoing limitation may not apply.\n### External Links\n\n### Acknowledgement\nSid\n\n[CVE-2025-55315]( https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-55315)\n\n### Revisions\n\nV1.0 (October 14, 2025): Advisory published.\n\n_Version 1.0_\n\n_Last Updated 2025-10-14_",
  "id": "GHSA-5rrx-jjjq-q2r5",
  "modified": "2025-10-21T21:04:53Z",
  "published": "2025-10-14T20:32:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore/security/advisories/GHSA-5rrx-jjjq-q2r5"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55315"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/announcements/issues/371"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/dotnet/aspnetcore"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-55315"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Microsoft Security Advisory CVE-2025-55315: .NET Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability"
}

GHSA-5VJ8-G3QG-4QH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-31 21:30 – Updated: 2024-11-01 22:02
VLAI
Summary
X-Forwarded-For header allows brute-forcing autoblocked IP addresses
Details

An issue was discovered in MediaWiki before 1.35.10, 1.36.x through 1.38.x before 1.38.6, and 1.39.x before 1.39.3. An auto-block can occur for an untrusted X-Forwarded-For header.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mediawiki/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.39.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.39.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mediawiki/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.38.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.38.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "mediawiki/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.35.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-29141"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-01T22:02:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-31T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in MediaWiki before 1.35.10, 1.36.x through 1.38.x before 1.38.6, and 1.39.x before 1.39.3. An auto-block can occur for an untrusted X-Forwarded-For header.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vj8-g3qg-4qh6",
  "modified": "2024-11-01T22:02:38Z",
  "published": "2023-03-31T21:30:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29141"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/mediawiki/core/+/REL1_39/RELEASE-NOTES-1.39"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00029.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ONWHGOBFD6CQAEGOP5O375XAP2N6RUHT"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZGK4NZPIJ5ET2ANRZOUYPCRIB5I64JR7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285159"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5447"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Release_notes/1.35#MediaWiki_1.35.10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Release_notes/1.38#MediaWiki_1.38.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Release_notes/1.39#MediaWiki_1.39.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "X-Forwarded-For header allows brute-forcing autoblocked IP addresses"
}

GHSA-5VVJ-6V57-2369

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:32
VLAI
Details

Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed. 

This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.12, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.1.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.13 or 10.1.2, which fix the issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-65114"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T17:16:21Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed.\u00a0\n\nThis issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 9.0.0 through 9.2.12, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.1.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.13 or 10.1.2, which fix the issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vvj-6v57-2369",
  "modified": "2026-04-02T21:32:52Z",
  "published": "2026-04-02T18:31:37Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65114"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/2s11roxlv1j8ph6q52rqo1klvl01n14q"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5WPR-CJ9P-959R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 18:33 – Updated: 2024-10-08 22:23
VLAI
Summary
HTTP Request Smuggling Leading to Client Timeouts in resteasy-netty4
Details

A vulnerability was found in the resteasy-netty4 library arising from improper handling of HTTP requests using smuggling techniques. When an HTTP smuggling request with an ASCII control character is sent, it causes the Netty HttpObjectDecoder to transition into a BAD_MESSAGE state. As a result, any subsequent legitimate requests on the same connection are ignored, leading to client timeouts, which may impact systems using load balancers and expose them to risk.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 7.0.0.Alpha3"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jboss.resteasy:resteasy-netty4-cdi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-9622"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-08T22:23:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T17:15:57Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in the resteasy-netty4 library arising from improper handling of HTTP requests using smuggling techniques. When an HTTP smuggling request with an ASCII control character is sent, it causes the Netty HttpObjectDecoder to transition into a BAD_MESSAGE state. As a result, any subsequent legitimate requests on the same connection are ignored, leading to client timeouts, which may impact systems using load balancers and expose them to risk.",
  "id": "GHSA-5wpr-cj9p-959r",
  "modified": "2024-10-08T22:23:06Z",
  "published": "2024-10-08T18:33:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-9622"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-9622"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2317179"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/orgs/resteasy/discussions/4351"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/resteasy/resteasy"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "HTTP Request Smuggling Leading to Client Timeouts in resteasy-netty4"
}

GHSA-63CX-G855-HVV4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-25 21:01 – Updated: 2025-08-25 21:01
VLAI
Summary
mitmproxy binaries embed a vulnerable python-hyper/h2 dependency
Details

mitmproxy 12.1.1 and below embed python-hyper/h2 ≤ v4.2.0, which has a gap in its HTTP/2 header validation. This enables request smuggling attacks when mitmproxy is in a configuration where it translates HTTP/2 to HTTP/1. For example, this affects reverse proxies to http:// backends. It does not affect mitmproxy's regular mode.

All users are encouraged to upgrade to mitmproxy 12.1.2, which includes a fixed version of h2.

More details about the vulnerability itself can be found at https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/security/advisories/GHSA-847f-9342-265h.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "mitmproxy"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "12.1.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1395",
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-25T21:01:00Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "mitmproxy 12.1.1 and below embed python-hyper/h2 \u2264 v4.2.0, which has a gap in its HTTP/2 header validation. This enables request smuggling attacks when mitmproxy is in a configuration where it translates HTTP/2 to HTTP/1. For example, this affects reverse proxies to `http://` backends. It does not affect mitmproxy\u0027s regular mode.\n\nAll users are encouraged to upgrade to mitmproxy 12.1.2, which includes a fixed version of h2.\n\nMore details about the vulnerability itself can be found at https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/security/advisories/GHSA-847f-9342-265h.",
  "id": "GHSA-63cx-g855-hvv4",
  "modified": "2025-08-25T21:01:01Z",
  "published": "2025-08-25T21:01:00Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy/security/advisories/GHSA-63cx-g855-hvv4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/python-hyper/h2/security/advisories/GHSA-847f-9342-265h"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "mitmproxy binaries embed a vulnerable python-hyper/h2 dependency"
}

GHSA-63H2-9CC8-FC7M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2024-09-25 19:43
VLAI
Summary
meinheld vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling
Details

meinheld prior to 1.0.2 is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling. HTTP pipelining issues and request smuggling attacks might be possible due to incorrect Content-Length and Transfer encoding header parsing.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "meinheld"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7658"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-22T22:37:11Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-05-22T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "meinheld prior to 1.0.2 is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling. HTTP pipelining issues and request smuggling attacks might be possible due to incorrect Content-Length and Transfer encoding header parsing.",
  "id": "GHSA-63h2-9cc8-fc7m",
  "modified": "2024-09-25T19:43:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:18:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7658"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mopemope/meinheld/issues/111"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mopemope/meinheld/commit/0cfa70b2cd3800f1e4beeaef5421b156d90f0e09"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mopemope/meinheld/commit/3bc3e7ccd534277af955c0c92981d0aa033929a7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mopemope/meinheld/commit/4155876bfd3e8fc4adad4aaa59ec3f1cefa1d2d1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mopemope/meinheld"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mopemope/meinheld/blob/master/CHANGES.rst"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/meinheld/PYSEC-2020-239.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-MEINHELD-569140"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "meinheld vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling"
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.