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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

674 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-CVW6-X8C3-583G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-28 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-29 00:30
VLAI
Details

** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling') vulnerability in Pony Mail leading to admin account takeover.

This issue affects all versions of the Lua implementation of Pony Mail. There is a Python implementation under development under the name "Pony Mail Foal" that is not affected by this issue, but hasn't been released yet.

As the Lua implementation of this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users.

NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41873"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-28T16:16:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests (\u0027HTTP Request/Response Smuggling\u0027) vulnerability in Pony Mail leading to admin account takeover.\n\nThis issue affects all versions of the Lua implementation of Pony Mail. There is a Python implementation under development under the name \"Pony Mail Foal\" that is not affected by this issue, but hasn\u0027t been released yet.\n\nAs the Lua implementation of this project is retired, we do not plan to release a version that fixes this issue. Users are recommended to find an alternative or restrict access to the instance to trusted users.\n\nNOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
  "id": "GHSA-cvw6-x8c3-583g",
  "modified": "2026-04-29T00:30:22Z",
  "published": "2026-04-28T18:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41873"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/1c7jtxjobh280kqc13fzw1cg57xrz951"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/28/17"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CVXG-MFRC-H7WV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:10 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33
VLAI
Details

Citrix Gateway 11.1, 12.0, and 12.1 allows Cache Poisoning.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-10112"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-06T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Citrix Gateway 11.1, 12.0, and 12.1 allows Cache Poisoning.",
  "id": "GHSA-cvxg-mfrc-h7wv",
  "modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:10:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.citrix.com/search"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156660/Citrix-Gateway-11.1-12.0-12.1-Cache-Poisoning.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Mar/8"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CWMV-37M7-7829

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-22 12:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 12:31
VLAI
Details

Connection desynchronization between an HTTP proxy and the model backend. The fixes were rolled out for all proxies in front of impacted models by 2025-09-28. Users do not need to take any action.

Severity
6.9 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:L/SI:N/SA:L/U:Clear
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-11915"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-22T10:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Connection desynchronization between an HTTP proxy and the model backend. The fixes were rolled out for all proxies in front of impacted models by 2025-09-28. Users do not need to take any action.",
  "id": "GHSA-cwmv-37m7-7829",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T12:31:21Z",
  "published": "2025-10-22T12:31:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11915"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/security-bulletins#gcp-2025-059"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:L/SC:L/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Clear",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CXRQ-P7XP-M9HW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-30 21:31
VLAI
Details

IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.6 is affected by an arbitrary file read vulnerability with the restConnector-2.0 feature enabled.

Severity
7.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11806"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T20:17:28Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.6 is affected by an arbitrary file read vulnerability with the restConnector-2.0 feature enabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxrq-p7xp-m9hw",
  "modified": "2026-06-30T21:31:44Z",
  "published": "2026-06-30T21:31:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11806"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7277536"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-CXRX-Q234-M22M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 09:31 – Updated: 2025-06-10 14:55
VLAI
Summary
io.quarkus.http/quarkus-http-core: Quarkus HTTP Cookie Smuggling
Details

A flaw was found in Quarkus-HTTP, which incorrectly parses cookies with certain value-delimiting characters in incoming requests. This issue could allow an attacker to construct a cookie value to exfiltrate HttpOnly cookie values or spoof arbitrary additional cookie values, leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The main threat from this flaw impacts data confidentiality and integrity.

Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.quarkus.http:quarkus-http-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.3.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-12397"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-12T19:19:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T09:15:05Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in Quarkus-HTTP, which incorrectly parses cookies with certain value-delimiting characters in incoming requests. This issue could allow an attacker to construct a cookie value to exfiltrate HttpOnly cookie values or spoof arbitrary additional cookie values, leading to unauthorized data access or modification. The main threat from this flaw impacts data confidentiality and integrity.",
  "id": "GHSA-cxrx-q234-m22m",
  "modified": "2025-06-10T14:55:19Z",
  "published": "2024-12-12T09:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-http/pull/170"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-http/commit/cfc99d80fce2e3a3dbf06972e648e79e925a7ae7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:0900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:1082"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:3018"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:8761"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2024-12397"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2331298"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/quarkusio/quarkus-http"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "io.quarkus.http/quarkus-http-core: Quarkus HTTP Cookie Smuggling"
}

GHSA-F256-J965-7F32

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-30 15:10 – Updated: 2022-02-08 21:31
VLAI
Summary
Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation of content-length
Details

Impact

The content-length header is not correctly validated if the request only use a single Http2HeaderFrame with the endStream set to to true. This could lead to request smuggling if the request is proxied to a remote peer and translated to HTTP/1.1

This is a followup of https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj which did miss to fix this one case.

Patches

This was fixed as part of 4.1.61.Final

Workarounds

Validation can be done by the user before proxy the request by validating the header.

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.61.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jboss.netty:netty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21409"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-30T15:03:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-30T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe content-length header is not correctly validated if the request only use a single Http2HeaderFrame with the endStream set to to true. This could lead to request smuggling if the request is proxied to a remote peer and translated to HTTP/1.1\n\nThis is a followup of https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj which did miss to fix this one case. \n\n### Patches\nThis was fixed as part of 4.1.61.Final\n\n### Workarounds\nValidation can be done by the user before proxy the request by validating the header.",
  "id": "GHSA-f256-j965-7f32",
  "modified": "2022-02-08T21:31:25Z",
  "published": "2021-03-30T15:10:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-f256-j965-7f32"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21409"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/b0fa4d5aab4215f3c22ce6123dd8dd5f38dc0432"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re39391adcb863f0e9f3f15e7986255948f263f02e4700b82453e7102@%3Cissues.zookeeper.apache.org%3E"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210604-0003"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4885"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
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    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2021-21295"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r0b09f3e31e004fe583f677f7afa46bd30110904576c13c5ac818ac2c@%3Cissues.flink.apache.org%3E"
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    },
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    },
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    },
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation of content-length"
}

GHSA-F2JX-WR3J-25W5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:25 – Updated: 2022-10-07 18:16
VLAI
Details

Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.20 to 2.4.43. A specially crafted value for the 'Cache-Digest' header in a HTTP/2 request would result in a crash when the server actually tries to HTTP/2 PUSH a resource afterwards. Configuring the HTTP/2 feature via "H2Push off" will mitigate this vulnerability for unpatched servers.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-9490"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-08-07T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.20 to 2.4.43. A specially crafted value for the \u0027Cache-Digest\u0027 header in a HTTP/2 request would result in a crash when the server actually tries to HTTP/2 PUSH a resource afterwards. Configuring the HTTP/2 feature via \"H2Push off\" will mitigate this vulnerability for unpatched servers.",
  "id": "GHSA-f2jx-wr3j-25w5",
  "modified": "2022-10-07T18:16:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:25:05Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4757"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4458-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20200814-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202008-04"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ITVFDBVM6E3JF3O7RYLRPRCH3RDRHJJY"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4NKWG2EXAQQB6LMLATKZ7KLSRGCSHVAN"
    },
    {
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    },
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    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html#CVE-2020-9490"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-08/msg00068.html"
    },
    {
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      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-08/msg00071.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-10/msg00081.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/160392/Apache-2.4.43-mod_http2-Memory-Corruption.html"
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
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  ]
}

GHSA-F33F-HHX9-6J4M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38
VLAI
Details

Node.js versions before 10.23.1, 12.20.1, 14.15.4, 15.5.1 allow two copies of a header field in an HTTP request (for example, two Transfer-Encoding header fields). In this case, Node.js identifies the first header field and ignores the second. This can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-8287"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-01-06T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Node.js versions before 10.23.1, 12.20.1, 14.15.4, 15.5.1 allow two copies of a header field in an HTTP request (for example, two Transfer-Encoding header fields). In this case, Node.js identifies the first header field and ignores the second. This can lead to HTTP Request Smuggling.",
  "id": "GHSA-f33f-hhx9-6j4m",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:08Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:38:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-8287"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1002188"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-389290.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00009.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/H472D5HPXN6RRXCNFML3BK5OYC52CXF2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/K4I6MZNC7C7VIDQR267OL4TVCI3ZKAC4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/january-2021-security-releases"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202101-07"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210212-0003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-4826"
    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
    }
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  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-F3PG-QWVG-P99C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-07-12 16:54 – Updated: 2021-09-07 21:49
VLAI
Summary
Lenient Parsing of Content-Length Header When Prefixed with Plus Sign
Details

Summary

hyper's HTTP/1 server code had a flaw that incorrectly parses and accepts requests with a Content-Length header with a prefixed plus sign, when it should have been rejected as illegal. This combined with an upstream HTTP proxy that doesn't parse such Content-Length headers, but forwards them, can result in "request smuggling" or "desync attacks".

Vulnerability

The flaw exists in all prior versions of hyper, if built with rustc v1.5.0 or newer.

Example:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: example.com
Content-Length: +3

abc

This request gets accepted and hyper reads the body as abc. The request should be rejected, according to RFC 7230, since the ABNF for Content-Length only allows for DIGITs. This is due to using the FromStr implementation for u64 in the standard library. By differing from the spec, it is possible to send requests like these to endpoints that have different HTTP implementations, with different interpretations of the payload semantics, and cause "desync attacks".

In this particular case, an upstream proxy would need to error when parsing the Content-Length, but not reject the request (swallowing its own error), and forwarding the request as-is with the Content-Length still included. Then the upstream proxy and hyper would disagree on the length of the request body. The combination of these factors would be extremely rare.

Read more about desync attacks: https://portswigger.net/research/http-desync-attacks-request-smuggling-reborn

Impact

To determine if vulnerable, all these things must be true:

  • Using hyper as an HTTP server. While the lenient decoder also exists in the client, a vulnerability does not exist around responses.
  • Using HTTP/1. The HTTP/2 code uses a stricter parser.
  • Using a vulnerable HTTP proxy upstream to hyper. If an upstream proxy correctly rejects the illegal Content-Length header, OR can parse the length with the plus sign, the desync attack cannot succeed.

Patches

We have released the following patch versions:

  • v0.14.10 (to be released when this advisor is published)

Workarounds

Besides upgrading hyper, you can take the following options:

  • Reject requests manually that contain a plus sign prefix in the Content-Length header.
  • Ensure any upstream proxy handles Content-Length headers with a plus sign prefix.

Credits

This issue was initially reported by Mattias Grenfeldt and Asta Olofsson.

Severity
3.1 (Low)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "crates.io",
        "name": "hyper"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.14.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-32715"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-07T20:08:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-07T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nhyper\u0027s HTTP/1 server code had a flaw that incorrectly parses and accepts requests with a `Content-Length` header with a prefixed plus sign, when it should have been rejected as illegal. This combined with an upstream HTTP proxy that doesn\u0027t parse such `Content-Length` headers, but forwards them, can result in \"request smuggling\" or \"desync attacks\".\n\n### Vulnerability\n\nThe flaw exists in all prior versions of hyper, if built with [`rustc` v1.5.0 or newer](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826/commits/123a83326fb95366e94a3be1a74775df4db97739).\n\nExample:\n\n```\nGET / HTTP/1.1\nHost: example.com\nContent-Length: +3\n\nabc\n```\n\nThis request gets accepted and hyper reads the body as abc. The request _should_ be rejected, according to RFC 7230, since the ABNF for `Content-Length` only allows for `DIGIT`s. This is due to using the `FromStr` implementation for `u64` in the standard library. By differing from the spec, it is possible to send requests like these to endpoints that have different HTTP implementations, with different interpretations of the payload semantics, and cause \"desync attacks\".\n\nIn this particular case, an upstream proxy would need to error when parsing the `Content-Length`, but _not_ reject the request (swallowing its own error), and forwarding the request as-is with the `Content-Length` still included. _Then_ the upstream proxy and hyper would disagree on the length of the request body. The combination of these factors would be extremely rare.\n\nRead more about desync attacks: https://portswigger.net/research/http-desync-attacks-request-smuggling-reborn\n\n### Impact\n\nTo determine if vulnerable, all these things must be true:\n\n- **Using hyper as an HTTP server**. While the lenient decoder also exists in the client, a vulnerability does not exist around _responses_.\n- **Using HTTP/1**. The HTTP/2 code uses a stricter parser.\n- **Using a vulnerable HTTP proxy upstream to hyper**. If an upstream proxy correctly rejects the illegal `Content-Length` header, *OR* can parse the length with the plus sign, the desync attack cannot succeed.\n\n### Patches\n\nWe have released the following patch versions:\n\n- v0.14.10 (to be released when this advisor is published)\n\n### Workarounds\n\nBesides upgrading hyper, you can take the following options:\n\n- Reject requests manually that contain a plus sign prefix in the `Content-Length` header.\n- Ensure any upstream proxy handles `Content-Length` headers with a plus sign prefix.\n\n### Credits\nThis issue was initially reported by [Mattias Grenfeldt](https://grenfeldt.dev/) and Asta Olofsson.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3pg-qwvg-p99c",
  "modified": "2021-09-07T21:49:21Z",
  "published": "2021-07-12T16:54:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/security/advisories/GHSA-f3pg-qwvg-p99c"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32715"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/28826/commits/123a83326fb95366e94a3be1a74775df4db97739"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperium/hyper/commit/1fb719e0b61a4f3d911562a436a2ff05fd7cb759"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hyperium/hyper"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2021-0078.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Lenient Parsing of Content-Length Header When Prefixed with Plus Sign"
}

GHSA-F3V3-MJ3C-P68C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-28 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-28 21:31
VLAI
Details

IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.7 is vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling.

Severity
7.4 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-15328"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-28T21:17:27Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 and IBM WebSphere Application Server - Liberty 17.0.0.3 through 26.0.0.7 is vulnerable to HTTP request smuggling.",
  "id": "GHSA-f3v3-mj3c-p68c",
  "modified": "2026-07-28T21:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-07-28T21:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-15328"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7281625"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

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