GCVE Workshop - 22 September 2026 (14:00-18:00), Luxembourg Before The Vulnopticon Conference - Registration
Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-521

Allowed

Weak Password Requirements

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not require that users should have strong passwords.

360 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-2Q6P-3X6P-8MCF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 18:32 – Updated: 2025-03-24 18:30
VLAI
Details

An issue in HotelDruid version 3.0.7 and earlier allows users to set weak passwords due to the lack of enforcement of password strength policies.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25749"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T18:15:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue in HotelDruid version 3.0.7 and earlier allows users to set weak passwords due to the lack of enforcement of password strength policies.",
  "id": "GHSA-2q6p-3x6p-8mcf",
  "modified": "2025-03-24T18:30:58Z",
  "published": "2025-03-11T18:32:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25749"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.huyvo.net/post/cve-2025-25749-weak-password-policy-in-hoteldruid-3-0-7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2RR3-RV49-P42F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-29 19:00 – Updated: 2022-11-01 13:29
VLAI
Summary
phpMyFAQ contains Weak Password Requirements
Details

phpMyFAQ prior to version 3.1.8 has Weak Password Requirements. Version 3.1.8 introduces an eight-character minimum password length.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "thorsten/phpmyfaq"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-3754"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-31T19:26:27Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-29T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "phpMyFAQ prior to version 3.1.8 has Weak Password Requirements. Version 3.1.8 introduces an eight-character minimum password length.",
  "id": "GHSA-2rr3-rv49-p42f",
  "modified": "2022-11-01T13:29:12Z",
  "published": "2022-10-29T19:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3754"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpmyfaq/commit/d7a87d2646287828c70401ca8976ef531fbc77ea"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/thorsten/phpmyfaq"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/f4711d7f-1368-48ab-9bef-45f32e356c47"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "phpMyFAQ contains Weak Password Requirements"
}

GHSA-2W3F-F73W-VF7R

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:48 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:48
VLAI
Details

An access control vulnerability in Hame SD1 Wi-Fi firmware <=V.20140224154640 allows an attacker to get system administrator through an open Telnet service.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-26797"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-26T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An access control vulnerability in Hame SD1 Wi-Fi firmware \u003c=V.20140224154640 allows an attacker to get system administrator through an open Telnet service.",
  "id": "GHSA-2w3f-f73w-vf7r",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:48:53Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:48:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26797"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://le0nc.blogspot.com/2021/04/cve-2021-26797-access-control.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-2WH4-9V67-69X7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-02 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-24 15:30
VLAI
Details

Lazy Mouse server enforces weak password requirements and doesn't implement rate limiting, allowing remote unauthenticated users to easily and quickly brute force the PIN and execute arbitrary commands. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-45482"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-02T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Lazy Mouse server enforces weak password requirements and doesn\u0027t implement rate limiting, allowing remote unauthenticated users to easily and quickly brute force the PIN and execute arbitrary commands. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
  "id": "GHSA-2wh4-9v67-69x7",
  "modified": "2025-04-24T15:30:36Z",
  "published": "2022-12-02T18:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45482"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synopsys.com/blogs/software-security/cyrc-advisory-remote-code-execution-vulnerabilities-mouse-keyboard-apps"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2WVQ-34X3-5VHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-05-12 18:31
VLAI
Details

Users who were required to change their password could still access system information before changing their password

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-46742"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-12T17:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Users who were required to change their password could still access system information before changing their password",
  "id": "GHSA-2wvq-34x3-5vhj",
  "modified": "2025-05-12T18:31:47Z",
  "published": "2025-05-12T18:31:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46742"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://selinc.com/products/software/latest-software-versions"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-2X63-Q6Q6-5VH6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-26 15:31 – Updated: 2025-08-27 15:33
VLAI
Details

Kapsch TrafficCom RIS-9160 & RIS-9260 Roadside Units (RSUs) v3.2.0.829.23, v3.8.0.1119.42, and v4.6.0.1211.28 were discovered to lack secure password requirements for its BIOS Supervisor and User accounts, allowing attackers to bypass authentication via a bruteforce attack.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-25737"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-26T15:15:43Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Kapsch TrafficCom RIS-9160 \u0026 RIS-9260 Roadside Units (RSUs) v3.2.0.829.23, v3.8.0.1119.42, and v4.6.0.1211.28 were discovered to lack secure password requirements for its BIOS Supervisor and User accounts, allowing attackers to bypass authentication via a bruteforce attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-2x63-q6q6-5vh6",
  "modified": "2025-08-27T15:33:14Z",
  "published": "2025-08-26T15:31:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25737"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/521.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://phrack.org/issues/72/16_md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kapsch.net/_Resources/Persistent/3d251a8445e0bf50093903ad70b3dbed34dec7e7/KTC-CVS_RIS-9260_DataSheet.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kapsch.net/_Resources/Persistent/55fb8d0fb279262809eac88d457894db1b3efcd5/Kapsch_RIS-9160_Datasheet_EN.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kapsch.net/en"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kapsch.net/en/press/releases/ktc-20200813-pr-en"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-32M5-WRMJ-7CR6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-01 03:30 – Updated: 2024-03-01 03:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS 9.7.2.7 does not require that users should have strong passwords by default, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts. IBM X-Force ID: 273336.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-50305"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-03-01T02:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Engineering Requirements Management DOORS 9.7.2.7 does not require that users should have strong passwords by default, which makes it easier for attackers to compromise user accounts.  IBM X-Force ID:  273336.",
  "id": "GHSA-32m5-wrmj-7cr6",
  "modified": "2024-03-01T03:30:34Z",
  "published": "2024-03-01T03:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-50305"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/273336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7124058"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-35J3-W22F-JH7W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:46 – Updated: 2024-07-30 03:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Luvion Grand Elite 3 Connect through 2020-02-25. Authentication to the device is based on a username and password. The root credentials are the same across all devices of this model.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-11925"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-02T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Luvion Grand Elite 3 Connect through 2020-02-25. Authentication to the device is based on a username and password. The root credentials are the same across all devices of this model.",
  "id": "GHSA-35j3-w22f-jh7w",
  "modified": "2024-07-30T03:30:50Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:46:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-11925"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.eurofins-cybersecurity.com/news/connected-devices-baby-monitor"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/14"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-363J-7W3W-3W9G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the web portal of the Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to create a denial of service (DoS) condition for individual users. The vulnerability is due to weak login controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using a brute-force attack (Repeated Bad Login Attempts). A successful exploit could allow the attacker to restrict user access. Manual administrative intervention is required to restore access. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd07264.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-0204"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-22T00:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the web portal of the Cisco Prime Collaboration Provisioning Tool could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to create a denial of service (DoS) condition for individual users. The vulnerability is due to weak login controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using a brute-force attack (Repeated Bad Login Attempts). A successful exploit could allow the attacker to restrict user access. Manual administrative intervention is required to restore access. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvd07264.",
  "id": "GHSA-363j-7w3w-3w9g",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:36Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:35:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0204"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180221-pcpt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040410"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-38RW-QV5H-8XQF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2025-04-11 03:57
VLAI
Details

RuggedCom Rugged Operating System (ROS) before 3.3 has a factory account with a password derived from the MAC Address field in a banner, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access by performing a calculation on this address value, and then establishing a (1) SSH or (2) HTTPS session, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-1803.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2012-2441"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-521"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-04-28T00:55:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "RuggedCom Rugged Operating System (ROS) before 3.3 has a factory account with a password derived from the MAC Address field in a banner, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access by performing a calculation on this address value, and then establishing a (1) SSH or (2) HTTPS session, a different vulnerability than CVE-2012-1803.",
  "id": "GHSA-38rw-qv5h-8xqf",
  "modified": "2025-04-11T03:57:06Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:04:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-2441"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/75244"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://arstechnica.com/business/news/2012/04/backdoor-in-mission-critical-hardware-threatens-power-traffic-control-systems.ars"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2012/Apr/277"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/889195"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ruggedcom.com/productbulletin/ros-security-page"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/control_systems/pdf/ICS-ALERT-12-116-01A.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/04/ruggedcom-backdoor"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • A product's design should require adherance to an appropriate password policy. Specific password requirements depend strongly on contextual factors, but it is recommended to contain the following attributes:
  • Depending on the threat model, the password policy may include several additional attributes.
  • See NIST 800-63B [REF-1053] for further information on password requirements.
  • {'xhtml:li': ['Enforcement of a minimum and maximum length', 'Restrictions against password reuse', 'Restrictions against using common passwords', 'Restrictions against using contextual string in the password (e.g., user id, app name)']}
  • {'xhtml:li': [{'xhtml:ul': {'xhtml:li': ['Increasing the range of characters makes the password harder to crack and may be appropriate for systems relying on single factor authentication.', 'Unfortunately, a complex password may be difficult to memorize, encouraging a user to select a short password or to incorrectly manage the password (write it down).', "Another disadvantage of this approach is that it often does not result in a significant increases in overal password complexity due to people's predictable usage of various symbols."]}, '#text': 'Complex passwords requiring mixed character sets (alpha, numeric, special, mixed case)'}, {'xhtml:ul': {'xhtml:li': ['Increasing the number of characters makes the password harder to crack and may be appropriate for systems relying on single factor authentication.', 'A disadvantage of this approach is that selecting a good passphrase is not easy and poor passwords can still be generated. Some prompting may be needed to encourage long un-predictable passwords.']}, '#text': 'Large Minimum Length (encouraging passphrases instead of passwords)'}, {'xhtml:ul': {'xhtml:li': ['Generating a password for the user can help make sure that length and complexity requirements are met, and can result in secure passwords being used.', 'A disadvantage of this approach is that the resulting password or passpharse may be too difficult to memorize, encouraging them to be written down.']}, '#text': 'Randomly Chosen Secrets'}]}
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider a second authentication factor beyond the password, which prevents the password from being a single point of failure. See CWE-308 for further information.

Mitigation
Implementation

Consider implementing a password complexity meter to inform users when a chosen password meets the required attributes.

Mitigation
Implementation

Previously, "password expiration" was widely advocated as a defense-in-depth approach to minimize the risk of weak passwords, and it has become a common practice. Password expiration requires a password to be changed within a fixed time window (such as every 90 days). However, this approach has significant limitations in the current threat landscape, and its utility has been reduced in light of the adoption of related protection mechanisms (such as password complexity and computational effort), along with the recognition that regular password changes often caused users to generate more predictable passwords. As a result, this is now a Discouraged Common Practice [REF-1488] [REF-1489], especially as the sole factor in protecting passwords. It is still strongly encouraged to force password changes in case of evidence of compromise, but this is not the same as a forced "expiration" on an arbitrary time frame.

CAPEC-112: Brute Force

In this attack, some asset (information, functionality, identity, etc.) is protected by a finite secret value. The attacker attempts to gain access to this asset by using trial-and-error to exhaustively explore all the possible secret values in the hope of finding the secret (or a value that is functionally equivalent) that will unlock the asset.

CAPEC-16: Dictionary-based Password Attack

An attacker tries each of the words in a dictionary as passwords to gain access to the system via some user's account. If the password chosen by the user was a word within the dictionary, this attack will be successful (in the absence of other mitigations). This is a specific instance of the password brute forcing attack pattern.

Dictionary Attacks differ from similar attacks such as Password Spraying (CAPEC-565) and Credential Stuffing (CAPEC-600), since they leverage unknown username/password combinations and don't care about inducing account lockouts.

CAPEC-49: Password Brute Forcing

An adversary tries every possible value for a password until they succeed. A brute force attack, if feasible computationally, will always be successful because it will essentially go through all possible passwords given the alphabet used (lower case letters, upper case letters, numbers, symbols, etc.) and the maximum length of the password.

CAPEC-509: Kerberoasting

Through the exploitation of how service accounts leverage Kerberos authentication with Service Principal Names (SPNs), the adversary obtains and subsequently cracks the hashed credentials of a service account target to exploit its privileges. The Kerberos authentication protocol centers around a ticketing system which is used to request/grant access to services and to then access the requested services. As an authenticated user, the adversary may request Active Directory and obtain a service ticket with portions encrypted via RC4 with the private key of the authenticated account. By extracting the local ticket and saving it disk, the adversary can brute force the hashed value to reveal the target account credentials.

CAPEC-55: Rainbow Table Password Cracking

An attacker gets access to the database table where hashes of passwords are stored. They then use a rainbow table of pre-computed hash chains to attempt to look up the original password. Once the original password corresponding to the hash is obtained, the attacker uses the original password to gain access to the system.

CAPEC-555: Remote Services with Stolen Credentials

This pattern of attack involves an adversary that uses stolen credentials to leverage remote services such as RDP, telnet, SSH, and VNC to log into a system. Once access is gained, any number of malicious activities could be performed.

CAPEC-561: Windows Admin Shares with Stolen Credentials

An adversary guesses or obtains (i.e. steals or purchases) legitimate Windows administrator credentials (e.g. userID/password) to access Windows Admin Shares on a local machine or within a Windows domain.

CAPEC-565: Password Spraying

In a Password Spraying attack, an adversary tries a small list (e.g. 3-5) of common or expected passwords, often matching the target's complexity policy, against a known list of user accounts to gain valid credentials. The adversary tries a particular password for each user account, before moving onto the next password in the list. This approach assists the adversary in remaining undetected by avoiding rapid or frequent account lockouts. The adversary may then reattempt the process with additional passwords, once enough time has passed to prevent inducing a lockout.

CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords

An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.