Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-9WRG-64CR-9JVF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-10 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-19 00:02
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions < V2.0). Affected products contain an open redirect vulnerability. An attacker could trick a valid authenticated user to the device into clicking a malicious link there by leading to phishing attacks.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23102"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEMA Remote Connect Server (All versions \u003c V2.0). Affected products contain an open redirect vulnerability. An attacker could trick a valid authenticated user to the device into clicking a malicious link there by leading to phishing attacks.",
  "id": "GHSA-9wrg-64cr-9jvf",
  "modified": "2022-02-19T00:02:36Z",
  "published": "2022-02-10T00:00:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23102"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-654775.pdf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165966/SIEMENS-SINEMA-Remote-Connect-1.0-SP3-HF1-Open-Redirection.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Feb/20"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-9X43-5QCQ-H79Q

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-22 21:36 – Updated: 2024-09-13 20:12
VLAI
Summary
Django Grappelli Open Redirect vulnerability
Details

views/switch.py in django-grappelli (aka Django Grappelli) before 2.15.2 attempts to prevent external redirection with startswith("/") but this does not consider a protocol-relative URL (e.g., //example.com) attack.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "django-grappelli"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.15.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-46898"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-10-24T01:46:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-22T19:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "views/switch.py in django-grappelli (aka Django Grappelli) before 2.15.2 attempts to prevent external redirection with startswith(\"/\") but this does not consider a protocol-relative URL (e.g., //example.com) attack.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x43-5qcq-h79q",
  "modified": "2024-09-13T20:12:08Z",
  "published": "2023-10-22T21:36:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli/issues/975"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli/pull/976"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli/commit/4ca94bcda0fa2720594506853d85e00c8212968f"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/django-grappelli/PYSEC-2023-211.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sehmaschine/django-grappelli/compare/2.15.1...2.15.2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Django Grappelli Open Redirect vulnerability"
}

GHSA-9X9C-GHC5-JHW9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-15 16:52 – Updated: 2025-08-15 20:55
VLAI
Summary
@astrojs/node's trailing slash handling causes open redirect issue
Details

Summary

Following https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-cq8c-xv66-36gw, there's still an Open Redirect vulnerability in a subset of Astro deployment scenarios.

Details

Astro 5.12.8 fixed a case where https://example.com//astro.build/press would redirect to the external origin //astro.build/press. However, with the Node deployment adapter in standalone mode and trailingSlash set to "always" in the Astro configuration, https://example.com//astro.build/press still redirects to //astro.build/press.

Proof of Concept

  1. Create a new minimal Astro project (astro@5.12.8)
  2. Configure it to use the Node adapter (@astrojs/node@9.4.0) and force trailing slashes: ```js // astro.config.mjs import { defineConfig } from 'astro/config'; import node from '@astrojs/node';

export default defineConfig({ trailingSlash: 'always', adapter: node({ mode: 'standalone' }), }); `` 3. Build the site by runningastro build. 4. Run the server, e.g. withastro preview. 5. Append//astro.build/press` to the preview URL, e.g. http://localhost:4321//astro.build/press 6. The site will redirect to the external Astro Build origin.

Example reproduction

  1. Open this StackBlitz reproduction.
  2. Open the preview in a separate window so the StackBlitz embed doesn't cause security errors.
  3. Append //astro.build/press to the preview URL, e.g. https://x.local-corp.webcontainer.io//astro.build/press.
  4. See it redirect to the external Astro Build origin.

Impact

This is classified as an Open Redirection vulnerability (CWE-601). It affects any user who clicks on a specially crafted link pointing to the affected domain. Since the domain appears legitimate, victims may be tricked into trusting the redirected page, leading to possible credential theft, malware distribution, or other phishing-related attacks.

No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. Any unauthenticated user can trigger the redirect by clicking a malicious link.

Severity
5.5 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.4.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@astrojs/node"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "9.4.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-55207"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-08-15T16:52:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-15T16:15:30Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nFollowing https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-cq8c-xv66-36gw, there\u0027s still an Open Redirect vulnerability in a subset of Astro deployment scenarios.\n\n### Details\n\nAstro 5.12.8 fixed a case where `https://example.com//astro.build/press` would redirect to the external origin `//astro.build/press`. However, with the Node deployment adapter in standalone mode and `trailingSlash` set to `\"always\"` in the Astro configuration, `https://example.com//astro.build/press` still redirects to `//astro.build/press`.\n\n### Proof of Concept\n\n1. Create a new minimal Astro project (`astro@5.12.8`)\n2. Configure it to use the Node adapter (`@astrojs/node@9.4.0`) and force trailing slashes:\n   ```js\n   // astro.config.mjs\n   import { defineConfig } from \u0027astro/config\u0027;\n   import node from \u0027@astrojs/node\u0027;\n   \n   export default defineConfig({\n     trailingSlash: \u0027always\u0027,\n     adapter: node({ mode: \u0027standalone\u0027 }),\n   });\n   ```\n3. Build the site by running `astro build`.\n4. Run the server, e.g. with `astro preview`.\n5. Append `//astro.build/press` to the preview URL, e.g. \u003chttp://localhost:4321//astro.build/press\u003e\n6. The site will redirect to the external Astro Build origin.\n\n#### Example reproduction\n\n1. Open [this StackBlitz reproduction](https://stackblitz.com/edit/github-4fvpfhcz-nyfj2mbf).\n2. Open the preview in a separate window so the StackBlitz embed doesn\u0027t cause security errors.\n3. Append `//astro.build/press` to the preview URL, e.g. `https://x.local-corp.webcontainer.io//astro.build/press`.\n4. See it redirect to the external Astro Build origin.\n\n### Impact\n\nThis is classified as an Open Redirection vulnerability (CWE-601). It affects any user who clicks on a specially crafted link pointing to the affected domain. Since the domain appears legitimate, victims may be tricked into trusting the redirected page, leading to possible credential theft, malware distribution, or other phishing-related attacks.\n\nNo authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability. Any unauthenticated user can trigger the redirect by clicking a malicious link.",
  "id": "GHSA-9x9c-ghc5-jhw9",
  "modified": "2025-08-15T20:55:55Z",
  "published": "2025-08-15T16:52:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-9x9c-ghc5-jhw9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/5fc3c599cacb0172cc7d8e1202a5f2e8685d7ef2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:P",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@astrojs/node\u0027s trailing slash handling causes open redirect issue"
}

GHSA-C2FV-V358-GGC4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-11 03:30 – Updated: 2025-11-11 03:30
VLAI
Details

SAP S/4HANA landscape SAP E-Recruiting BSP allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft malicious links, when clicked the victim could be redirected to the page controlled by the attacker. This has low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application with no impact on availability.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-42924"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-11T01:15:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP S/4HANA landscape SAP E-Recruiting BSP allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft malicious links, when clicked the victim could be redirected to the page controlled by the attacker. This has low impact on confidentiality and integrity of the application with no impact on availability.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2fv-v358-ggc4",
  "modified": "2025-11-11T03:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-11-11T03:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3642398"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C2W9-HHFQ-2XQ9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:38
VLAI
Details

Mattermost Desktop App fails to validate a mattermost server redirection and navigates to an arbitrary website

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2000"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-02T09:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Mattermost Desktop App fails to validate a mattermost server redirection and navigates\u00a0to an arbitrary website\n",
  "id": "GHSA-c2w9-hhfq-2xq9",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T05:38:33Z",
  "published": "2023-07-06T19:24:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2000"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C2XM-2FM6-9338

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:29 – Updated: 2022-11-16 19:00
VLAI
Details

By exploiting an Open Redirect vulnerability on a website, an attacker could have spoofed the site displayed in the download file dialog to show the original site (the one suffering from the open redirect) rather than the site the file was actually downloaded from. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 81, Thunderbird < 78.3, and Firefox ESR < 78.3.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-15677"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-10-01T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "By exploiting an Open Redirect vulnerability on a website, an attacker could have spoofed the site displayed in the download file dialog to show the original site (the one suffering from the open redirect) rather than the site the file was actually downloaded from. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 81, Thunderbird \u003c 78.3, and Firefox ESR \u003c 78.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2xm-2fm6-9338",
  "modified": "2022-11-16T19:00:32Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:29:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1641487"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/10/msg00020.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202010-02"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4770"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-42"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-43"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-44"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-10/msg00074.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-10/msg00077.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C382-RXWX-QQCR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 03:31 – Updated: 2025-05-13 03:31
VLAI
Details

The Live Auction Cockpit in SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) uses a deprecated java applet component within the affected SRM packages which allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a malicious link, which when clicked by a victim, redirects the browser to a malicious site. On successful exploitation, the attacker could cause low impact on confidentiality and integrity with no impact on the availability of the application.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-30010"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T01:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Live Auction Cockpit in SAP Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) uses a deprecated java applet component within the affected SRM packages which allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a malicious link, which when clicked by a victim, redirects the browser to a malicious site. On successful exploitation, the attacker could cause low impact on confidentiality and integrity with no impact on the availability of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-c382-rxwx-qqcr",
  "modified": "2025-05-13T03:31:13Z",
  "published": "2025-05-13T03:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3578900"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C3CC-PMC5-52XV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:01
VLAI
Details

An open redirect vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running QuTScloud, QuTS hero and QTS. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an untrusted page that contains malware. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of QuTScloud, QuTS hero and QTS: QuTScloud c5.0.1.1949 and later QuTS hero h5.0.0.1949 build 20220215 and later QuTS hero h4.5.4.1951 build 20220218 and later QTS 5.0.0.1986 build 20220324 and later QTS 4.5.4.1991 build 20220329 and later

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-44054"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-05-05T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been reported to affect QNAP device running QuTScloud, QuTS hero and QTS. If exploited, this vulnerability allows attackers to redirect users to an untrusted page that contains malware. We have already fixed this vulnerability in the following versions of QuTScloud, QuTS hero and QTS: QuTScloud c5.0.1.1949 and later QuTS hero h5.0.0.1949 build 20220215 and later QuTS hero h4.5.4.1951 build 20220218 and later QTS 5.0.0.1986 build 20220324 and later QTS 4.5.4.1991 build 20220329 and later",
  "id": "GHSA-c3cc-pmc5-52xv",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T00:01:16Z",
  "published": "2022-05-06T00:00:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44054"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-22-16"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C3F5-4G7M-3XFC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37
VLAI
Details

In versions 16.0.0-16.0.0.1, 15.1.0-15.1.0.5, 14.1.0-14.1.3, 13.1.0-13.1.3.4, 12.1.0-12.1.5.2, and 11.6.1-11.6.5.2, an undisclosed link on the BIG-IP APM virtual server allows a malicious user to build an open redirect URI.

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-27729"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-24T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In versions 16.0.0-16.0.0.1, 15.1.0-15.1.0.5, 14.1.0-14.1.3, 13.1.0-13.1.3.4, 12.1.0-12.1.5.2, and 11.6.1-11.6.5.2, an undisclosed link on the BIG-IP APM virtual server allows a malicious user to build an open redirect URI.",
  "id": "GHSA-c3f5-4g7m-3xfc",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:14Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:37:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-27729"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K15310332"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-C3G4-XW3P-P3V6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-27 18:32 – Updated: 2023-03-04 06:30
VLAI
Details

The Registration Forms WordPress plugin before 3.8.2.3 does not properly validate the redirection URL when logging in and login out, leading to an Open Redirect vulnerability

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-0552"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-601"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-02-27T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Registration Forms WordPress plugin before 3.8.2.3 does not properly validate the redirection URL when logging in and login out, leading to an Open Redirect vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-c3g4-xw3p-p3v6",
  "modified": "2023-03-04T06:30:23Z",
  "published": "2023-02-27T18:32:09Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0552"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/832c6155-a413-4641-849c-b98ba55e8551"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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