Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-601

Allowed

URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

API response cwe.mitre.org

The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.

2694 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-122132 (GCVE-0-2026-122132)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 20:36 – Updated: 2026-11-04 20:36
VLAI
Title
go-chi chi 5.2.2 through 5.5.0 Open Redirect via RedirectSlashes Middleware
Summary
go-chi chi 5.2.2 through 5.5.0 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the RedirectSlashes middleware that allows attackers to redirect victims to external hosts by embedding tab characters in request paths. Attackers can craft links with a URL-encoded tab, which browsers strip from the 301 Location header and resolve as a protocol-relative URL, bypassing the fix for CVE-2025-69725.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
VulnCheck CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 84/100 over 7379 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
go-chi chi Affected: 5.2.2 , ≤ 5.5.0 (custom)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-23 00:00
Credits
Zachariah Mithani (AploSec)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-121373 (GCVE-0-2026-121373)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-04 12:59 – Updated: 2026-11-04 18:20
VLAI
Title
Symfony: HtmlSanitizer MetaRefreshAttributeSanitizer Matches Only a Narrow Subset of the Browser Refresh Grammar (Incomplete Fix for CVE-2026-48761)
Summary
The Symfony HtmlSanitizer component MetaRefreshAttributeSanitizer, introduced to fix CVE-2026-48761, sanitizes the refresh URL of content attributes of meta tags using a regular expression that is too narrow, allowing sanitization to be bypassed, and resulting in potential URL redirection to untrusted sites in Symfony versions 6.1.x prior to 6.4.50, 7.x prior to 7.4.23, and 8.x prior to 8.1.11. The shared declarative refresh steps in the WHATWG HTML Standard require a broader approach: the separator after the time may be ASCII whitespace alone, with no ; or ,, and the url= keyword is optional. Directives the browser honours, but the regular expression misses are returned unchanged, so the attacker URL skips UrlSanitizer entirely and both allowLinkSchemes and allowLinkHosts are defeated for the refresh navigation. This is reachable under any configuration that allows meta with http-equiv and content, including the documented allowStaticElements() preset.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-04 17:49 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-186 - Overly restrictive regular expression
  • CWE-601 - URL redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect')
Assigner
Checkmarx CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 88/100 over 11 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
sensiolabs symfony Affected: 6.1.0 , < 6.4.50 (git)
Affected: 7.0.0 , < 7.4.23 (git)
Affected: 8.0.0 , < 8.1.11 (git)
    cpe:2.3:a:sensiolabs:symfony:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:sensiolabs:symfony:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:sensiolabs:symfony:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Credits
Ilia Alshanetsky Nicolas Grekas
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-120953 (GCVE-0-2026-120953)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 18:47 – Updated: 2026-11-03 19:41
VLAI
Title
Atlas SQL JDBC Driver <=4.0.0: OIDC discovery endpoints not scheme-validated - attacker-controlled URI dispatched to OS protocol handler
Summary
A URI redirection weakness exists in the authentication component of the Atlas SQL JDBC Driver. During an interactive sign-in flow the driver accepts endpoint addresses supplied by the remote endpoint it is pointed at without validating their scheme, and passes the resulting address to the local default protocol handler. An unauthenticated remote party that controls the endpoint a user elects to connect to may cause an address of its choosing to be opened on the user's system; user interaction is required.
Severity
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 19:41 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
mongodb CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 70/100 over 235 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
MongoDB Atlas SQL JDBC Driver Affected: 2.1.2 , < 4.0.1 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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        "orgId": "a39b4221-9bd0-4244-95fc-f3e2e07f1deb",
        "shortName": "mongodb"
      },
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          "url": "https://www.mongodb.com/docs/sql-interface/changelog/"
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        {
          "url": "https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SQL-3539"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "discovery": "EXTERNAL"
      },
      "title": "Atlas SQL JDBC Driver \u003c=4.0.0: OIDC discovery endpoints not scheme-validated - attacker-controlled URI dispatched to OS protocol handler",
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CVE-2026-120638 (GCVE-0-2026-120638)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 23:40 – Updated: 2026-11-03 23:40
VLAI
Title
CGI versions before 5.00 for Perl allow open redirects via HTML entity decoding of the URL after application validation in redirect
Summary
CGI versions before 5.00 for Perl allow open redirects via HTML entity decoding of the URL after application validation in redirect. redirect decodes HTML entities in its URL before writing the Location header, so a URL the application has already validated can change meaning. For example, /&#47;evil.example/ becomes //evil.example/ and sends the user to another host.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-180 - Incorrect Behavior Order: Validate Before Canonicalize
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 62/100 over 369 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 5.00 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-120636 (GCVE-0-2026-120636)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 23:40 – Updated: 2026-11-03 23:40
VLAI
Title
CGI versions before 5.00 for Perl allow open redirects and script injection via URLs built from REQUEST_URI in url and start_form
Summary
CGI versions before 5.00 for Perl allow open redirects and script injection via URLs built from REQUEST_URI in url and start_form. url(-absolute=>1), url(-relative=>1) and the default start_form action are built from the client-supplied REQUEST_URI without validation. The result can be protocol-relative (//evil.example), absolute-form (http://evil.example/) or contain backslashes, and url(-relative=>1) can return a javascript: URL. Links and form posts built from these URLs can go to another host.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 62/100 over 369 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 5.00 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-120633 (GCVE-0-2026-120633)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 23:40 – Updated: 2026-11-03 23:40
VLAI
Title
CGI versions before 5.00 for Perl trust the client X-Forwarded-Host header in url, self_url, virtual_host and virtual_port
Summary
CGI versions before 5.00 for Perl trust the client X-Forwarded-Host header in url, self_url, virtual_host and virtual_port. These take the host name and port from the X-Forwarded-Host request header when present, and otherwise from Host, without validating either. The URLs from url and self_url are the default redirect location and the start_html(-base=>1) base href, and the default start_form action when REQUEST_URI is not set. A client can poison shared caches, and URLs the application stores or sends, with redirects, links and scripts that point at a host it controls.
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
  • CWE-348 - Use of Less Trusted Source
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
CPANSec CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard C 62/100 over 369 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Affected: 0 , < 5.00 (custom)
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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CVE-2026-120327 (GCVE-0-2026-120327)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-11-03 09:56 – Updated: 2026-11-03 18:31
VLAI
Title
Open Redirection in extension "Mail" (mail)
Summary
The click tracking middleware accepts an arbitrary target URL and redirects to it. Attackers can misuse links to the website to redirect users to external sites.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-03 17:52 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
TYPO3 CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 74 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
TYPO3 Extension "Mail" Affected: 4.0.0 , < 4.2.0 (semver)
Affected: 0 , < 3.12.5 (semver)
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-11-03 09:00
Credits
Alexander Grein Alexander Grein
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

{
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CVE-2026-118658 (GCVE-0-2026-118658)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 20:17 – Updated: 2026-11-02 20:44
VLAI
Title
Echo: Arbitrary Scheme Injection in WWWRedirect/NonWWWRedirect Middlewares via X-Forwarded-Proto
Summary
Echo is a Go web framework. Prior to 4.15.2 and 5.1.1, Context.Scheme returns values from X-Forwarded-Proto, X-Forwarded-Protocol, or X-Url-Scheme without validating that they are supported web schemes. WWWRedirect and NonWWWRedirect use that value to construct a Location header, so an attacker controlling a forwarded scheme header can cause a redirect to use an arbitrary URI scheme. Exploitation requires an affected redirect middleware and user interaction with the response; the HTTPS-specific redirect variants hardcode HTTPS and are unaffected. This issue is fixed in 4.15.2 and 5.1.1.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:43 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7900 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
labstack echo Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.1.1
Affected: < 4.15.2
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
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CVE-2026-118656 (GCVE-0-2026-118656)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-28 20:12 – Updated: 2026-10-29 17:23
VLAI
Title
Echo: Open Redirect via Control-Character Prefix Defeating sanitizeURI
Summary
Echo is a Go web framework. Prior to 4.16.0 and 5.4.0, sanitizeURI checks only the first two bytes of a redirect target before deciding whether it begins with an absolute-path separator pair. When AddTrailingSlash or RemoveTrailingSlash is configured with a redirect status, a slash, TAB, separator path form can evade the guard, be emitted in the Location header, and be normalized by a browser into an attacker-controlled host. This issue is fixed in 4.16.0 and 5.4.0.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-10-29 15:29 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Assigner
GitHub_M CNA under the mitre root
CNA scorecard C 72/100 over 7900 records in the last 180 days details
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
labstack echo Affected: >= 5.0.0, < 5.4.0
Affected: < 4.16.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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CVE-2026-118425 (GCVE-0-2026-118425)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-10-29 13:58 – Updated: 2026-11-02 20:53
VLAI
Title
Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: redirect uri domain allowlist bypass via dns resolution to loopback
Summary
A flaw was found in the secure-redirect-uris-enforcer client policy of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. The issue occurs when the policy is configured to allow loopback addresses, as Keycloak resolves hostnames via DNS during validation. An attacker can bypass domain allowlist restrictions by using a hostname that resolves to a loopback address, potentially allowing the registration of unauthorized redirect URIs.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-11-02 20:13 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-601 - URL Redirection to Untrusted Site
Assigner
redhat CNA under the redhat root
CNA scorecard B 82/100 over 1088 records in the last 180 days details
References
URL Tags
https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-118425 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Red Hat Red Hat Build of Keycloak     cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:
Create a notification for this product.
Red Hat Red Hat Single Sign-On 7     cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-10-27 22:34
Show details on NVD website
To clipboard 

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Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.

Mitigation MIT-21.2
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).

Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing

An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.

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