CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2307 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R46C-V3M9-666J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49An open redirect issue was discovered in OPNsense through 20.1.5. The redirect parameter "url" in login page was not filtered and can redirect user to any website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-23015"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-03T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect issue was discovered in OPNsense through 20.1.5. The redirect parameter \"url\" in login page was not filtered and can redirect user to any website.",
"id": "GHSA-r46c-v3m9-666j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23015"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/opnsense/core/issues/4061"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-R48P-VHGJ-X8MM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-06-23 21:19 – Updated: 2021-12-16 19:09Gitpod before 0.6.0 allows unvalidated redirects.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-35206"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-22T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Gitpod before 0.6.0 allows unvalidated redirects.",
"id": "GHSA-r48p-vhgj-x8mm",
"modified": "2021-12-16T19:09:49Z",
"published": "2021-06-23T21:19:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/pull/2879"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/pull/2879#issuecomment-865662372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/pull/4567"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/pull/4567/commits/f78b7d18e509e28e71b65bbd4dfd52c16ca57c18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/commit/8ca431f86ae3a6f9a17afcfed51cdd065fcff1a5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gitpod-io/gitpod/compare/0.6.0-beta5...0.6.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.gitpod.io/changelog"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Unvalidated redirects"
}
GHSA-R4CG-5XMX-26H7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-11-12 18:31An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth callback handler in file onlook/apps/web/client/src/app/auth/callback/route.ts in Onlook web application 0.2.32. The vulnerability occurs because the application trusts the X-Forwarded-Host header value without proper validation when constructing a redirect URL. A remote attacker can send a manipulated X-Forwarded-Host header to redirect an authenticated user to an arbitrary external website under their control, which can be exploited for phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63784"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-07T17:15:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability exists in the OAuth callback handler in file onlook/apps/web/client/src/app/auth/callback/route.ts in Onlook web application 0.2.32. The vulnerability occurs because the application trusts the X-Forwarded-Host header value without proper validation when constructing a redirect URL. A remote attacker can send a manipulated X-Forwarded-Host header to redirect an authenticated user to an arbitrary external website under their control, which can be exploited for phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-r4cg-5xmx-26h7",
"modified": "2025-11-12T18:31:09Z",
"published": "2025-11-07T18:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63784"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.soohyun.tech/CVE-2025-63784-Open-Redirect-in-Onlook-27e557175d2e80ac8641fab59dc36021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tossbank.notion.site/Open-Redirect-in-onlook-27e557175d2e80ac8641fab59dc36021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R563-XVMH-2Q4X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 04:03 – Updated: 2022-05-14 04:03IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.5 and 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 131548.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-12-13T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Maximo Asset Management 7.5 and 7.6 could allow a remote attacker to conduct phishing attacks, using an open redirect attack. By persuading a victim to visit a specially-crafted Web site, a remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability to spoof the URL displayed to redirect a user to a malicious Web site that would appear to be trusted. This could allow the attacker to obtain highly sensitive information or conduct further attacks against the victim. IBM X-Force ID: 131548.",
"id": "GHSA-r563-xvmh-2q4x",
"modified": "2022-05-14T04:03:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T04:03:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/131548"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg22010595"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102211"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R58V-FQQP-24P8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:14 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:14With X-Pack installed, Kibana versions before 5.3.1 have an open redirect vulnerability on the login page that would enable an attacker to craft a link that redirects to an arbitrary website.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8451"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-06-16T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "With X-Pack installed, Kibana versions before 5.3.1 have an open redirect vulnerability on the login page that would enable an attacker to craft a link that redirects to an arbitrary website.",
"id": "GHSA-r58v-fqqp-24p8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:14:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:14:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.elastic.co/community/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5C5-3WHR-QFRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-22 03:30 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:34A Host Header Injection issue on the Login page of Plesk Obsidian through 18.0.49 allows attackers to redirect users to malicious websites via a Host request header.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-22T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Host Header Injection issue on the Login page of Plesk Obsidian through 18.0.49 allows attackers to redirect users to malicious websites via a Host request header.",
"id": "GHSA-r5c5-3whr-qfrr",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:34:38Z",
"published": "2023-01-22T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/TJetnipat/02b3854543b7ec95d54a8de811f2e8ae"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/%40jetnipat.tho/cve-2023-24044-10e48ab940d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://medium.com/@jetnipat.tho/cve-2023-24044-10e48ab940d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.plesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/10254625170322-Vulnerability-CVE-2023-24044"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5HP-6MXM-95XH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-01-28 21:31An issue in Kingsoft Office Software Corporation Limited WPS Office iOS 12.20.0 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-56957"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-27T19:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue in Kingsoft Office Software Corporation Limited WPS Office iOS 12.20.0 allows attackers to access sensitive user information via supplying a crafted link.",
"id": "GHSA-r5hp-6mxm-95xh",
"modified": "2025-01-28T21:31:02Z",
"published": "2025-01-27T21:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56957"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ZhouZiyi1/Vuls/blob/main/241222-WPSOffice/241222-WPSOffice.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R5PM-523H-5X7Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-05-26 13:30action/cookie.php in ecrire in SPIP before 4.4.15 is prone to an open redirect vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48832"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-24T23:16:57Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "action/cookie.php in ecrire in SPIP before 4.4.15 is prone to an open redirect vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-r5pm-523h-5x7q",
"modified": "2026-05-26T13:30:36Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.spip.net/Mise-a-jour-de-securite-sortie-de-SPIP-4-4-15.html?lang=fr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.spip.net/spip/ecrire/-/commit/a22cb8a56f1e37ff3854b73ff3f66aa3df47070a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.spip.net/spip/spip/-/commit/75629034697ab52a963a340afd10930407e1cd55"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R63R-PWWP-JVJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-11 15:31 – Updated: 2025-03-21 21:31In Zucchetti Ad Hoc Infinity 2.4, an improper check on the m_cURL parameter allows an attacker to redirect the victim to an attacker-controlled website after the authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-51321"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-11T15:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Zucchetti Ad Hoc Infinity 2.4, an improper check on the m_cURL parameter allows an attacker to redirect the victim to an attacker-controlled website after the authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-r63r-pwwp-jvj8",
"modified": "2025-03-21T21:31:38Z",
"published": "2025-03-11T15:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-51321"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://members.backbox.org/zucchetti-ad-hoc-infinity-multiple-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R67R-42WX-C8R7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-15 20:52 – Updated: 2024-05-15 20:52The path module in Drupal allows users with the 'administer paths' to create pretty URLs for content. In certain circumstances the user can enter a particular path that triggers an open redirect to a malicious url.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.60"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "drupal/drupal"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-15T20:52:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The path module in Drupal allows users with the \u0027administer paths\u0027 to create pretty URLs for content.\nIn certain circumstances the user can enter a particular path that triggers an open redirect to a malicious url.",
"id": "GHSA-r67r-42wx-c8r7",
"modified": "2024-05-15T20:52:44Z",
"published": "2024-05-15T20:52:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/drupal/drupal/2018-10-17-2.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/drupal/drupal"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.drupal.org/sa-core-2018-006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Drupal External URL injection through URL aliases leading to Open Redirect"
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.