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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-644

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes web scripting syntax in HTTP headers that can be used by web browser components that can process raw headers, such as Flash.

117 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-26234 (GCVE-0-2026-26234)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-12 02:31 – Updated: 2026-03-05 01:31
VLAI
Title
JUNG Smart Visu Server - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Summary
JUNG Smart Visu Server 1.1.1050 contains a request header manipulation vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to override request URLs by injecting arbitrary values in the X-Forwarded-Host header. Attackers can manipulate proxied requests to generate tainted responses, enabling cache poisoning, potential phishing, and redirecting users to malicious domains.
SSVC
Exploitation: poc Automatable: no Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-12 15:31 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
ALBRECHT JUNG GMBH & CO. KG JUNG Smart Visu Server Affected: 1.1.1050
Affected: 1.0.905
Affected: 1.0.832
Affected: 1.0.830
    cpe:2.3:o:jung-group:smart_visu_server_firmware:1.1.1050:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-12 00:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-21762 (GCVE-0-2026-21762)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 17:10 – Updated: 2026-07-17 17:53
VLAI
Title
Missing HTTP Security Headers in DevOps Loop
Summary
HCL DevOps Loop is affected by missing HTTP security headers. Missing security headers may reduce browser protections against common web-based attacks such as clickjacking, MIME-type sniffing, and cross-site scripting.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-17 17:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Assigner
References
Impacted products
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-10836 (GCVE-0-2026-10836)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 11:10 – Updated: 2026-06-17 14:58
VLAI
Title
Improper neutralization of HTTP headers in Password Manager
Summary
Improper handling of HTTP headers that allows a remote attacker to manipulate the value of the Host header using specially crafted requests. A successful exploit could result in the generation of manipulated links or responses, potentially leading to limited information disclosure or compromising the integrity of dependent services.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-17 14:58 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper neutralization of HTTP headers for scripting syntax
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
Password Manager Password Manager Affected: 0 , < 08/07/2025 (date)
Unaffected: 08/07/2025 (date)
    cpe:2.3:a:password_manager:password_manager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-06-17 10:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-4096 (GCVE-0-2026-4096)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-11 14:44 – Updated: 2026-06-11 16:52
VLAI
Title
A vulnerability has been identified in IBM DevOps Plan that allows a Host Header Injection attack due to improper handling of the Host header in HTTP requests.
Summary
IBM DevOps Plan 3.0.0 through 3.0.6 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers. This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-11 16:21 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7275005 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM DevOps Plan Affected: 3.0.0 , ≤ 3.0.6 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:devops_plan:3.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:devops_plan:3.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-1698 (GCVE-0-2026-1698)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-26 07:58 – Updated: 2026-03-26 08:25
VLAI
Title
HTTP Host header vulnerability in WebClient and WebScheduler web apps
Summary
A HTTP Host header attack vulnerability affects WebClient and the WebScheduler web apps of PcVue in version 15.0.0 through 16.3.3 included, allowing a remote attacker to inject harmful payloads that manipulate server-side behavior. This vulnerability only affects the endpoints /Authentication/ExternalLogin, /Authentication/AuthorizationCodeCallback and /Authentication/Logout of the WebClient and WebScheduler web apps.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CNA · arcinfo (v2.0.3)
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-02-26 14:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
References
URL Tags
https://www.pcvue.com/security/#SB2026-2 vendor-advisory
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
arcinfo PcVue Affected: 16.0.0 , ≤ 16.3.3 (cpe)
Affected: 15.0.0 , ≤ 15.2.13 (cpe)
    cpe:2.3:a:arcinfo:pcvue:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:arcinfo:pcvue:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-02-25 23:00
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2026-0516 (GCVE-0-2026-0516)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 11:50 – Updated: 2026-08-05 19:57
VLAI
Summary
A improper neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax vulnerability in SonicOS could allow a remote attacker to manipulate the Host header and redirect firewall management users to arbitrary web domains.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-05 19:30 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper neutralization of HTTP headers for scripting syntax
References
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
SonicWall SonicOS Affected: 6.5.5.2-28n and older versions
Affected: 7.0.1-5169 and older versions
Affected: 7.3.3-7015 and older versions
Affected: 8.2.1-8010 and older versions
Create a notification for this product.
Date Public
2026-08-05 11:46
Show details on NVD website

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GCVE-1988-2026-0016

Vulnerability from gna-1988 – Published: 2026-09-07 09:21 – Updated: 2026-09-07 09:21
VLAI
Title
Silent;Call — Pre-Authentication Remote Root in Cisco CUCM 15.x (SKYLINE-2026-001/002/003)
Summary
## Advisory Information - Advisory IDs: SKYLINE-2026-001, SKYLINE-2026-002, SKYLINE-2026-003 - Title: Pre-Authentication Remote Root via Tomcat Manager Header Injection + Hardcoded Credentials - CVSSv3.1: 10.0 (Critical) — AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - CWE: CWE-798, CWE-644, CWE-269 - Product: Cisco Unified Communications Manager 15.0.1.12900-234 - Vendor: Cisco Systems, Inc. - Public Disclosure: 2026-08-04 - Researcher: 0xReadingSteiner (0xReadingSteiner () proton me) ## Summary A pre-authentication remote code execution chain in Cisco CUCM 15.x allows an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve root-level access in three HTTP requests. The chain exploits: 1. RemoteIpValve misconfiguration — accepts X-Forwarded-For from any source without internalProxies restriction, allowing IP spoofing as 127.0.0.1 2. Hardcoded Tomcat Manager credentials — identical on every CUCM 15.x installation (username: 1mJdd4WKi+ / password: 1ge1AVWsx~), not configurable by administrators 3. Unrestricted sudo for the tomcat user — passwordless gdb with an attacker-controlled command file in /tmp, plus three additional independent root escalation paths (systemctl, PYTHONPATH, LD_PRELOAD) ## Impact Root access to CUCM grants: interception of all voice communications via SRTP key extraction, silent activation of built-in CALEA-compliant lawful intercept wiretapping, access to all voicemail, complete CDR exfiltration, call routing manipulation, E911 disruption, and lateral movement into the voice VLAN. CUCM is deployed in Fortune 500 companies, US federal agencies, the Department of Defense, hospitals, financial institutions, law enforcement, and telecommunications providers worldwide. ## Quick Test curl -sk -H "X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1" \ -u '1mJdd4WKi+:1ge1AVWsx~' \ "https://TARGET:443/manager/text/list"; If the response begins with "OK - Listed applications for virtual host [localhost]" — the system is vulnerable. ## Vendor Coordination - 17 CUCM submissions to ZDI — unprocessed - SSD paused CUCM acquisitions (Cisco won't fix existing reports) - Cisco PSIRT contacted 2026-08-04 — no response - MITRE CVE IDs requested (CNA of Last Resort) — pending This is advisory 1 of 55 identified vulnerabilities in CUCM 15.x. ## References Full advisory: https://github.com/0xReadingSteiner/Silent-Call PoC script: https://github.com/0xReadingSteiner/Silent-Call/blob/main/poc.sh Master index: https://github.com/0xReadingSteiner/cisco-security-research ## Disclosure Statement This research was conducted independently on commercially available software in a private laboratory. No proprietary source code, internal tools, or confidential information was used. Coordination was attempted through three independent channels before publication. Additional findings will be published on a rolling basis. 0xReadingSteiner 0xReadingSteiner@proton.mePGP: D5E22255F645A8B935056C278C0958C5D533080A Sent with [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/mail/home) secure email. _______________________________________________ Sent through the Full Disclosure mailing list https://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure Web Archives & RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/
Severity
No CVSS data available.
Impacted products
Relationships
analysis GCVE-1988-2026-0016 (this record)

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          "value": "## Advisory Information\n\n- Advisory IDs: SKYLINE-2026-001, SKYLINE-2026-002, SKYLINE-2026-003\n- Title: Pre-Authentication Remote Root via Tomcat Manager Header Injection + Hardcoded Credentials\n- CVSSv3.1: 10.0 (Critical) \u2014 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H\n- CWE: CWE-798, CWE-644, CWE-269\n- Product: Cisco Unified Communications Manager 15.0.1.12900-234\n- Vendor: Cisco Systems, Inc.\n- Public Disclosure: 2026-08-04\n- Researcher: 0xReadingSteiner (0xReadingSteiner () proton me)\n\n## Summary\n\nA pre-authentication remote code execution chain in Cisco CUCM 15.x\nallows an unauthenticated network attacker to achieve root-level access\nin three HTTP requests.\n\nThe chain exploits:\n\n1. RemoteIpValve misconfiguration \u2014 accepts X-Forwarded-For from any\nsource without internalProxies restriction, allowing IP spoofing\nas 127.0.0.1\n\n2. Hardcoded Tomcat Manager credentials \u2014 identical on every CUCM 15.x\ninstallation (username: 1mJdd4WKi+ / password: 1ge1AVWsx~), not\nconfigurable by administrators\n\n3. Unrestricted sudo for the tomcat user \u2014 passwordless gdb with an\nattacker-controlled command file in /tmp, plus three additional\nindependent root escalation paths (systemctl, PYTHONPATH, LD_PRELOAD)\n\n## Impact\n\nRoot access to CUCM grants: interception of all voice communications\nvia SRTP key extraction, silent activation of built-in CALEA-compliant\nlawful intercept wiretapping, access to all voicemail, complete CDR\nexfiltration, call routing manipulation, E911 disruption, and lateral\nmovement into the voice VLAN.\n\nCUCM is deployed in Fortune 500 companies, US federal agencies, the\nDepartment of Defense, hospitals, financial institutions, law\nenforcement, and telecommunications providers worldwide.\n\n## Quick Test\n\ncurl -sk -H \"X-Forwarded-For: 127.0.0.1\" \\\n-u \u00271mJdd4WKi+:1ge1AVWsx~\u0027 \\\n\"https://TARGET:443/manager/text/list\";\n\nIf the response begins with \"OK - Listed applications for virtual\nhost [localhost]\" \u2014 the system is vulnerable.\n\n## Vendor Coordination\n\n- 17 CUCM submissions to ZDI \u2014 unprocessed\n- SSD paused CUCM acquisitions (Cisco won\u0027t fix existing reports)\n- Cisco PSIRT contacted 2026-08-04 \u2014 no response\n- MITRE CVE IDs requested (CNA of Last Resort) \u2014 pending\n\nThis is advisory 1 of 55 identified vulnerabilities in CUCM 15.x.\n\n## References\n\nFull advisory: https://github.com/0xReadingSteiner/Silent-Call\nPoC script: https://github.com/0xReadingSteiner/Silent-Call/blob/main/poc.sh\nMaster index: https://github.com/0xReadingSteiner/cisco-security-research\n\n## Disclosure Statement\n\nThis research was conducted independently on commercially available\nsoftware in a private laboratory. No proprietary source code, internal\ntools, or confidential information was used. Coordination was attempted\nthrough three independent channels before publication.\n\nAdditional findings will be published on a rolling basis.\n\n0xReadingSteiner\n0xReadingSteiner@proton.mePGP: D5E22255F645A8B935056C278C0958C5D533080A\n\nSent with [Proton Mail](https://proton.me/mail/home) secure email.\n_______________________________________________\nSent through the Full Disclosure mailing list\nhttps://nmap.org/mailman/listinfo/fulldisclosure\nWeb Archives \u0026 RSS: https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/"
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CVE-2025-67724 (GCVE-0-2025-67724)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-12 05:36 – Updated: 2025-12-18 18:53
VLAI
Title
Tornado vulnerable to Header Injection and XSS via reason argument
Summary
Tornado is a Python web framework and asynchronous networking library. In versions 6.5.2 and below, the supplied reason phrase is used unescaped in HTTP headers (where it could be used for header injection) or in HTML in the default error page (where it could be used for XSS) and can be exploited by passing untrusted or malicious data into the reason argument. Used by both RequestHandler.set_status and tornado.web.HTTPError, the argument is designed to allow applications to pass custom "reason" phrases (the "Not Found" in HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found) to the HTTP status line (mainly for non-standard status codes). This issue is fixed in version 6.5.3.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-12-18 18:53 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
tornadoweb tornado Affected: < 6.5.3
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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CVE-2025-66485 (GCVE-0-2025-66485)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-04-01 23:01 – Updated: 2026-04-02 18:10
VLAI
Title
Multiple vulnerabilities have been addressed in IBM Aspera Shares
Summary
IBM Aspera Shares 1.9.9 through 1.11.0 is vulnerable to HTTP header injection, caused by improper validation of input by the HOST headers.  This could allow an attacker to conduct various attacks against the vulnerable system, including cross-site scripting, cache poisoning or session hijacking.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-02 18:10 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Assigner
References
URL Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7267848 vendor-advisorypatch
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
IBM Aspera Shares Affected: 1.9.9 , ≤ 1.11.0 (semver)
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_shares:1.9.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
    cpe:2.3:a:ibm:aspera_shares:1.11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
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CVE-2025-64484 (GCVE-0-2025-64484)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-11-10 21:33 – Updated: 2025-11-14 19:24
VLAI
Title
OAuth2-Proxy vulnerable to header smuggling via underscore, leading to potential privilege escalation
Summary
OAuth2-Proxy is an open-source tool that can act as either a standalone reverse proxy or a middleware component integrated into existing reverse proxy or load balancer setups. In versions prior to 7.13.0, all deployments of OAuth2 Proxy in front of applications that normalize underscores to dashes in HTTP headers (e.g., WSGI-based frameworks such as Django, Flask, FastAPI, and PHP applications). Authenticated users can inject underscore variants of X-Forwarded-* headers that bypass the proxy’s filtering logic, potentially escalating privileges in the upstream app. OAuth2 Proxy authentication/authorization itself is not compromised. The problem has been patched with v7.13.0. By default all specified headers will now be normalized, meaning that both capitalization and the use of underscores (_) versus dashes (-) will be ignored when matching headers to be stripped. For example, both `X-Forwarded-For` and `X_Forwarded-for` will now be treated as equivalent and stripped away. For those who have a rational that requires keeping a similar looking header and not stripping it, the maintainers introduced a new configuration field for Headers managed through the AlphaConfig called `InsecureSkipHeaderNormalization`. As a workaround, ensure filtering and processing logic in upstream services don't treat underscores and hyphens in Headers the same way.
SSVC
Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-11-14 19:24 UTC
CWE
  • CWE-644 - Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Impacted products
Vendor Product Version
oauth2-proxy oauth2-proxy Affected: < 7.13.0
Create a notification for this product.
Show details on NVD website

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          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "oauth2-proxy",
          "vendor": "oauth2-proxy",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "\u003c 7.13.0"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "OAuth2-Proxy is an open-source tool that can act as either a standalone reverse proxy or a middleware component integrated into existing reverse proxy or load balancer setups. In versions prior to 7.13.0, all deployments of OAuth2 Proxy in front of applications that normalize underscores to dashes in HTTP headers (e.g., WSGI-based frameworks such as Django, Flask, FastAPI, and PHP applications). Authenticated users can inject underscore variants of X-Forwarded-* headers that bypass the proxy\u2019s filtering logic, potentially escalating privileges in the upstream app. OAuth2 Proxy authentication/authorization itself is not compromised. The problem has been patched with v7.13.0. By default all specified headers will now be normalized, meaning that both capitalization and the use of underscores (_) versus dashes (-) will be ignored when matching headers to be stripped. For example, both `X-Forwarded-For` and `X_Forwarded-for` will now be treated as equivalent and stripped away. For those who have a rational that requires keeping a similar looking header and not stripping it, the maintainers introduced a new configuration field for Headers managed through the AlphaConfig called `InsecureSkipHeaderNormalization`. As a workaround, ensure filtering and processing logic in upstream services don\u0027t treat underscores and hyphens in Headers the same way."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 8.5,
            "baseSeverity": "HIGH",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "LOW",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-644",
              "description": "CWE-644: Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-11-10T21:33:58.018Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-vjrc-mh2v-45x6",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy/security/advisories/GHSA-vjrc-mh2v-45x6"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2616#section-4.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2616#section-4.2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822#section-3.2",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc822#section-3.2"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.security.telekom.com/2020/05/smuggling-http-headers-through-reverse-proxies.html",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.security.telekom.com/2020/05/smuggling-http-headers-through-reverse-proxies.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://www.uptimia.com/questions/why-are-http-headers-with-underscores-dropped-by-nginx",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://www.uptimia.com/questions/why-are-http-headers-with-underscores-dropped-by-nginx"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-vjrc-mh2v-45x6",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "OAuth2-Proxy vulnerable to header smuggling via underscore, leading to potential privilege escalation"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-64484",
    "datePublished": "2025-11-10T21:33:58.018Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-11-05T19:12:25.102Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-11-14T19:24:55.471Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Perform output validation in order to filter/escape/encode unsafe data that is being passed from the server in an HTTP response header.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Disable script execution functionality in the clients' browser.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.