CWE-696

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          "value": "An Incorrect Behavior Order vulnerability in the MAP-E automatic tunneling mechanism of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to send certain malformed IPv4 or IPv6 packets to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) to the PFE on the device which is disabled as a result of the processing of these packets. Continued receipt and processing of these malformed IPv4 or IPv6 packets will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue only affects MPC 7/8/9/10/11 cards, when MAP-E IP reassembly is enabled on these cards. An indicator of compromise is the output: FPC [\"FPC ID\" # e.g. \"0\"] PFE #{PFE ID # e.g. \"1\"] : Fabric Disabled Example: FPC 0 PFE #1 : Fabric Disabled when using the command: show chassis fabric fpcs An example of a healthy result of the command use would be: user@device-re1\u003e show chassis fabric fpcs Fabric management FPC state: FPC 0 PFE #0 Plane 0: Plane enabled Plane 1: Plane enabled Plane 2: Plane enabled Plane 3: Plane enabled Plane 4: Plane enabled Plane 5: Plane enabled Plane 6: Plane enabled Plane 7: Plane enabled This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series with MPC 7/8/9/10/11 cards, when MAP-E IP reassembly is enabled on these cards. 17.2 version 17.2R1 and later versions; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S9; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S12, 17.4R3-S3; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R2-S6, 18.2R3-S3; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S1; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R1-S6, 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S5, 19.3R3. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 17.2R1."
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      "title": "Junos OS: MX Series: MPC 7/8/9/10/11 cards with MAP-E: PFE halts when an attacker sends malformed IPv4 or IPv6 traffic inside the MAP-E tunnel.",
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            "value": "The following minimal configuration is necessary: \n\n  [chassis fpc \u003cfpc-number\u003e pic \u003cpic-number\u003e inline-services bandwidth \u003cbandwidth\u003e]\n  [interfaces \u003csi-interface-name\u003e unit \u003cinside-logical-unit\u003e family inet]\n  [interfaces \u003csi-interface-name\u003e unit \u003cinside-logical-unit\u003e family inet6]\n  [interfaces \u003csi-interface-name\u003e unit \u003cinside-logical-unit\u003e service-domain inside]\n  [interfaces \u003csi-interface-name\u003e unit \u003coutside-logical-unit\u003e family inet]\n  [interfaces \u003csi-interface-name\u003e unit \u003coutside-logical-unit\u003e family inet6]\n  [interfaces \u003csi-interface-name\u003e unit \u003coutside-logical-unit\u003e service-domain outside]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e version03]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e softwire-address \u003cIPv6-Address\u003e]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e ipv4-prefix \u003cIPv4-Prefix\u003e mape-prefix \u003cIPv6-Prefix\u003e]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e ea-bits-len \u003c0..48\u003e]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e psid-off[set \u003c0..16\u003e]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e psid-length \u003c0..16\u003e]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e mtu-ipv6 \u003c1280..9192\u003e]\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e v4-reassembly]\n  [services softwire rule \u003cmape-rule-name\u003e match-direction input term \u003cterm-name\u003e then map-e \u003cmape-instance-name\u003e]\n  [services service-set \u003cservice-set-name\u003e softwire-rules \u003cmape-rule-name\u003e]\n  [services service-set \u003cservice-set-name\u003e next-hop-service inside-service-interface \u003csi-interface-name.inside-logical-unit\u003e outside-service-interface \u003csi-interface-name.outside-logical-unit\u003e]"
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        ],
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              "value": "An Incorrect Behavior Order vulnerability in the MAP-E automatic tunneling mechanism of Juniper Networks Junos OS allows an attacker to send certain malformed IPv4 or IPv6 packets to cause a Denial of Service (DoS) to the PFE on the device which is disabled as a result of the processing of these packets. Continued receipt and processing of these malformed IPv4 or IPv6 packets will create a sustained Denial of Service (DoS) condition. This issue only affects MPC 7/8/9/10/11 cards, when MAP-E IP reassembly is enabled on these cards. An indicator of compromise is the output: FPC [\"FPC ID\" # e.g. \"0\"] PFE #{PFE ID # e.g. \"1\"] : Fabric Disabled Example: FPC 0 PFE #1 : Fabric Disabled when using the command: show chassis fabric fpcs An example of a healthy result of the command use would be: user@device-re1\u003e show chassis fabric fpcs Fabric management FPC state: FPC 0 PFE #0 Plane 0: Plane enabled Plane 1: Plane enabled Plane 2: Plane enabled Plane 3: Plane enabled Plane 4: Plane enabled Plane 5: Plane enabled Plane 6: Plane enabled Plane 7: Plane enabled This issue affects: Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series with MPC 7/8/9/10/11 cards, when MAP-E IP reassembly is enabled on these cards. 17.2 version 17.2R1 and later versions; 17.3 versions prior to 17.3R3-S9; 17.4 versions prior to 17.4R2-S12, 17.4R3-S3; 18.1 versions prior to 18.1R3-S11; 18.2 versions prior to 18.2R2-S6, 18.2R3-S3; 18.3 versions prior to 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S1; 18.4 versions prior to 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3; 19.1 versions prior to 19.1R1-S6, 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3; 19.2 versions prior to 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2; 19.3 versions prior to 19.3R2-S5, 19.3R3. This issue does not affect Juniper Networks Junos OS versions prior to 17.2R1."
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          ]
        },
        "exploit": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "Juniper SIRT is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this vulnerability."
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        ],
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            "integrityImpact": "NONE",
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            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
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        },
        "problemtype": {
          "problemtype_data": [
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                  "lang": "eng",
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                }
              ]
            },
            {
              "description": [
                {
                  "lang": "eng",
                  "value": "Denial of Service (DoS)"
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              ]
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          ]
        },
        "references": {
          "reference_data": [
            {
              "name": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11247",
              "refsource": "CONFIRM",
              "url": "https://kb.juniper.net/JSA11247"
            },
            {
              "name": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/topic-map/map-e-configuring.html",
              "refsource": "MISC",
              "url": "https://www.juniper.net/documentation/en_US/junos/topics/topic-map/map-e-configuring.html"
            }
          ]
        },
        "solution": [
          {
            "lang": "en",
            "value": "The following software releases have been updated to resolve this specific issue: 17.3R3-S9, 17.4R2-S12, 17.4R3-S3, 18.1R3-S11, 18.2R2-S6, 18.2R3-S3, 18.3R2-S4, 18.3R3-S1, 18.4R1-S8, 18.4R2-S5, 18.4R3, 19.1R1-S6, 19.1R2-S2, 19.1R3, 19.2R1-S5, 19.2R2, 19.3R2-S5, 19.3R3, 19.4R1, and all subsequent releases."
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            "lang": "en",
            "value": "To work around this issue customers can either:\n\n1. Disable Mapping of Address and port - Encapsulation (MAP-E) as an inline service on MX Series routers that use MPC and MIC interfaces.\n\nor\n\n2. Determine where the MAP-E v4 or v6 reassembly exists, review the following hierarchies and disable the \"v4-reassembly;\" and \"v6-reassembly;\" options where they exist:\n\n  [services softwire softwire-concentrator]\n  [services softwires softwire-types]\n  [security softwires]\n\nand the following syntaxes: \n\n  map-e name {\n      v4-reassembly;      \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c  DISABLE the v4-reassembly option.\n      v6-reassembly;      \u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c\u003c  DISABLE the v6-reassembly option.\n  }"
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  "affected": [
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      "package": {
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        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-696"
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    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T20:19:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T22:16:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-65h8-27jh-q8wv. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nOpenClaw before 2026.3.22 performs cryptographic and dispatch operations on inbound Nostr direct messages before enforcing sender and pairing policy validation. Attackers can trigger unauthorized pre-authentication computation by sending crafted DM messages, enabling denial of service through resource exhaustion.",
  "id": "GHSA-2j53-2c28-g9v2",
  "modified": "2026-04-10T20:19:08Z",
  "published": "2026-04-10T00:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-65h8-27jh-q8wv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35627"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/1ee9611079e81b9122f4bed01abb3d9f56206c77"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/630f1479c44f78484dfa21bb407cbe6f171dac87"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-unauthenticated-cryptographic-work-in-nostr-inbound-dm-handling"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Duplicate Advisory: OpenClaw: Nostr inbound DMs could trigger unauthenticated crypto work before sender policy enforcement",
  "withdrawn": "2026-04-10T20:19:08Z"
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-20012"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
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    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T21:16:03Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Incorrect behavior order for some Intel(R) Core\u2122 Ultra Processors may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via physical access.",
  "id": "GHSA-2rmv-pmj6-727m",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:33:53Z",
  "published": "2025-05-13T21:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20012"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01322.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00021.html"
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      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
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  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "eventlet"
      },
      "ranges": [
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            {
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            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.6.1"
            }
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      ]
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  "aliases": [
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    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-12T21:25:53Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-11T14:15:12Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "eventlet before 0.35.2, as used in dnspython before 2.6.0, allows remote attackers to interfere with DNS name resolution by quickly sending an invalid packet from the expected IP address and source port, aka a \"TuDoor\" attack. In other words, dnspython does not have the preferred behavior in which the DNS name resolution algorithm would proceed, within the full time window, in order to wait for a valid packet. NOTE: dnspython 2.6.0 is unusable for a different reason that was addressed in 2.6.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-3rq5-2g8h-59hc",
  "modified": "2024-06-26T03:31:48Z",
  "published": "2024-04-11T15:30:48Z",
  "references": [
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      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29483"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eventlet/eventlet/issues/913"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rthalley/dnspython/issues/1045"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eventlet/eventlet/commit/51e3c4928d4938beb576eff34f3bf97e6e64e6b4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rthalley/dnspython/commit/0ea5ad0a4583e1f519b9bcc67cfac381230d9cf2"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/eventlet/eventlet"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/eventlet/eventlet/releases/tag/v0.35.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rthalley/dnspython/releases/tag/v2.6.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NLRKR57IFVKQC2GCXZBFLCLBAWBWL3F6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VOHJOO3OM65UIUUUVDEXMCTXNM6LXZEH"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/X3BNSIK5NFYSAP53Y45GOCMOQHHDLGIF"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240510-0001"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-PYTHON-DNSPYTHON-6241713"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dnspython.org"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Potential DoS via the Tudoor mechanism in eventlet and dnspython"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "api-platform/graphql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "api-platform/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.0.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.22"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "api-platform/graphql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "api-platform/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.4.17"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "api-platform/core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.1.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "api-platform/graphql"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.1.0-alpha.1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.1.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31485"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-696"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-04T14:19:42Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-03T20:15:25Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Original message:\n\nI found an issue with security grants on on properties in the GraphQL ItemNormalizer:\n\nIf you use something like `#[ApiProperty(security: \u0027is_granted(\"PROPERTY_READ\", [object, property])\u0027)]` on a member of an entity, the grant gets cached and is only evaluated once, even if the `object` in question is a different one.\n\nThere is the `ApiPlatform\\GraphQl\\Serializer\\ItemNormalizer::isCacheKeySafe()` method that seems to be intended to prevent this: https://github.com/api-platform/core/blob/88f5ac50d20d6510686a7552310cc567fcca45bf/src/GraphQl/Serializer/ItemNormalizer.php#L160-L164  \nand in its usage on line 90 it does indeed not create a cache key, but the `parent::normalize()` that is called afterwards still creates the cache key and causes the issue.\n\n### Impact\n\nIt grants access to properties that it should not.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nOverride the ItemNormalizer.\n\nPatched at: https://github.com/api-platform/core/commit/7af65aad13037d7649348ee3dcd88e084ef771f8",
  "id": "GHSA-428q-q3vv-3fq3",
  "modified": "2025-08-29T21:08:09Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T14:19:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/api-platform/core/security/advisories/GHSA-428q-q3vv-3fq3"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31485"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/api-platform/core/commit/7af65aad13037d7649348ee3dcd88e084ef771f8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/api-platform/core/commit/cba3acfbd517763cf320167250c5bed6d569696a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/api-platform/core/CVE-2025-31485.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/api-platform/graphql/CVE-2025-31485.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/api-platform/core"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/api-platform/core/releases/tag/v3.4.17"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "GraphQL grant on a property might be cached with different objects"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "ironic"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "36.0.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-44919"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-696"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-19T20:15:08Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-14T02:17:21Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In OpenStack Ironic through 35.x before a3f6d73, during image handling, an infinite loop in checksum calculations can occur via the file:///dev/zero URL.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g73-w726-53h3",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T20:07:39Z",
  "published": "2026-05-14T03:32:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44919"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ironic/+bug/2150332"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://opendev.org/openstack/ironic"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://opendev.org/openstack/ironic/commit/a3f6d735ac3642ab95b49142c7305f072ae748d0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.openstack.org/ossa/OSSA-2026-013.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenStack Ironic: Pre-Validation Checksum Calculation allows Denial of Service (DoS) via Infinite Block Devices"
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jose-node-esm-runtime"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.11.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-29445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-203",
      "CWE-208",
      "CWE-696"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-04-16T23:00:41Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-04-16T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\n[AES_CBC_HMAC_SHA2 Algorithm](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7518#section-5.2) (A128CBC-HS256, A192CBC-HS384, A256CBC-HS512) decryption would always execute both HMAC tag verification and CBC decryption, if either failed `JWEDecryptionFailed` would be thrown. But a possibly observable difference in timing when padding error would occur while decrypting the ciphertext makes a padding oracle and an adversary might be able to make use of that oracle to decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block).\n\n### Patches\n\nA patch was released which ensures the HMAC tag is verified before performing CBC decryption. The fixed versions are `\u003e=3.11.4`.\n\nUsers should upgrade to `^3.11.4`.\n\n### Credits\nThanks to Morgan Brown of Microsoft for bringing this up and Eva Sarafianou (@esarafianou) for helping to score this advisory.",
  "id": "GHSA-4v4g-726h-xvfv",
  "modified": "2023-03-17T17:49:46Z",
  "published": "2021-04-19T14:59:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/panva/jose/security/advisories/GHSA-4v4g-726h-xvfv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29445"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/panva/jose"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/jose-node-esm-runtime"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Padding Oracle Attack due to Observable Timing Discrepancy in jose-node-esm-runtime"
}