CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5386 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-6P4M-RFFQ-G464
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-06 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-06 21:30Linksys E5600 v1.1.0.26 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the runtime.ddnsStatus DynDNS function via the hostname parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-45489"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-06T16:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Linksys E5600 v1.1.0.26 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the runtime.ddnsStatus DynDNS function via the hostname parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-6p4m-rffq-g464",
"modified": "2025-05-06T21:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-05-06T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-45489"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JZP018/vuln03/blob/main/linksys/E5600/CI_ddnsStatus_DynDNS_hostname/CI_ddnsStatus_DynDNS_hostname.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JZP018/vuln03/blob/main/linksys/E5600/CI_ddnsStatus_DynDNS_hostname/CI_ddnsStatus_DynDNS_hostname.py"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6P5M-FHHH-365V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-08 21:30Authenticated append-style command-injection Ruijie APs (AP_RGOS 11.1.x) allows an authenticated web user to execute appended shell expressions as root, enabling file disclosure, device disruption, and potential network pivoting via the command parameter to the web_action.do endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65363"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authenticated append-style command-injection Ruijie APs (AP_RGOS 11.1.x) allows an authenticated web user to execute appended shell expressions as root, enabling file disclosure, device disruption, and potential network pivoting via the command parameter to the web_action.do endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-6p5m-fhhh-365v",
"modified": "2025-12-08T21:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-12-08T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65363"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tmogg/security-advisories/blob/main/CVE-2025-65363/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rg-ap720-l.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://ruijie.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6P9G-WWPV-V966
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-6p9g-wwpv-v966",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:23Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064103/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0089"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-6PF6-W4C2-RX3F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-24 15:30 – Updated: 2026-02-24 15:30A vulnerability was found in Intelbras TIP 635G 1.12.3.5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Ping Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3101"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-24T15:21:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Intelbras TIP 635G 1.12.3.5. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component Ping Handler. The manipulation results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-6pf6-w4c2-rx3f",
"modified": "2026-02-24T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-02-24T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347527"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.757986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/eldruin/Intelbras-TIP-635G-Authenticated-OS-Command-Injection-Leading-to-Root-RCE-30627474cccb80929328e7c3b3ea0f9b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PQJ-XX9Q-7P34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-27 18:30 – Updated: 2025-06-27 18:30Unauthenticated users on an adjacent network with the Sight Bulb Pro can run shell commands as root through a vulnerable proprietary TCP protocol available on Port 16668. This vulnerability allows an attacker to run arbitrary commands on the Sight Bulb Pro by passing a well formed JSON string.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6522"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-27T18:15:52Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Unauthenticated users on an adjacent network with the Sight Bulb Pro can\n run shell commands as root through a vulnerable proprietary TCP \nprotocol available on Port 16668. This vulnerability allows an attacker \nto run arbitrary commands on the Sight Bulb Pro by passing a well formed\n JSON string.",
"id": "GHSA-6pqj-xx9q-7p34",
"modified": "2025-06-27T18:30:44Z",
"published": "2025-06-27T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6522"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-177-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trendmakerscares.com/Customer-Service-Hours"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-6PRQ-Q63R-XQHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-01-08 18:30A vulnerability exits in driver SmSerl64.sys in Motorola SM56 Modem WDM Driver v6.12.23.0, which allows low-privileged users to mapping physical memory via specially crafted IOCTL requests . This can be exploited for privilege escalation, code execution under high privileges, and information disclosure. These signed drivers can also be used to bypass the Microsoft driver-signing policy to deploy malicious code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55414"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-07T18:15:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exits in driver SmSerl64.sys in Motorola SM56 Modem WDM Driver v6.12.23.0, which allows low-privileged users to mapping physical memory via specially crafted IOCTL requests . This can be exploited for privilege escalation, code execution under high privileges, and information disclosure. These signed drivers can also be used to bypass the Microsoft driver-signing policy to deploy malicious code.",
"id": "GHSA-6prq-q63r-xqhp",
"modified": "2025-01-08T18:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-01-07T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55414"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/heyheysky/vulnerable-driver/blob/master/CVE-2024-55414/CVE-2024-55414_SmSerl64.sys_README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us.motorola.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6Q4M-7476-932W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-13 20:43 – Updated: 2025-02-18 22:42Impact
This action uses the github.head_ref parameter in an insecure way.
This vulnerability can be triggered by any user on GitHub on any workflow using the action on pull requests. They just need to create a pull request with a branch name, which can contain the attack payload. (Note that first-time PR requests will not be run - but the attacker can submit a valid PR before submitting an invalid PR). This can be used to execute code on the GitHub runners (potentially use it for crypto-mining, and waste your resources) and to exfiltrate any secrets you use in the CI pipeline.
Patches
Pass the variable as an environment variable and then use the environment variable instead of substituting it directly.
Patched action is available on tag v4, tag v4.4.1, and any tag beyond.
Workarounds
No workaround is available if impacted, please upgrade the version
ℹ️ v3 and v4 are compatibles.
References
Here is a set of blog posts by Github's security team explaining this issue.
Thanks
Thanks to the team of researchers from Purdue University, who are working on finding vulnerabilities in CI/CD configurations of open-source software. Their tool detected this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
"name": "rlespinasse/github-slug-action"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.4.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-27581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-13T20:43:33Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-13T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThis action uses the `github.head_ref` parameter in an insecure way. \n\nThis vulnerability can be triggered by any user on GitHub on any workflow using the action on pull requests. They just need to create a pull request with a branch name, which can contain the attack payload. (Note that first-time PR requests will not be run - but the attacker can submit a valid PR before submitting an invalid PR). This can be used to execute code on the GitHub runners (potentially use it for crypto-mining, and waste your resources) and to exfiltrate any secrets you use in the CI pipeline.\n\n### Patches\n\n\u003e Pass the variable as an environment variable and then use the environment variable instead of substituting it directly.\n\nPatched action is available on tag **v4**, tag **v4.4.1**, and any tag beyond.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nNo workaround is available if impacted, please upgrade the version\n\n\u003e \u2139\ufe0f **v3** and **v4** are compatibles.\n\n### References\n\n[Here](https://securitylab.github.com/research/github-actions-untrusted-input/) is a set of blog posts by Github\u0027s security team explaining this issue.\n\n### Thanks\n\nThanks to the team of researchers from Purdue University, who are working on finding vulnerabilities in CI/CD configurations of open-source software. Their tool detected this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-6q4m-7476-932w",
"modified": "2025-02-18T22:42:28Z",
"published": "2023-03-13T20:43:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action/security/advisories/GHSA-6q4m-7476-932w"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-27581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action/commit/102b1a064a9b145e56556e22b18b19c624538d94"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rlespinasse/github-slug-action/releases/tag/v4.4.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/research/github-actions-untrusted-input"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "github-slug-action vulnerable to arbitrary code execution"
}
GHSA-6Q57-HF8F-CFHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-01 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:19A backup file vulnerability found in UniFi applications (Version 7.3.83 and earlier) running on Linux operating systems allows application administrators to execute malicious commands on the host device being restored.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28365"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-01T00:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A backup file vulnerability found in UniFi applications (Version 7.3.83 and earlier) running on Linux operating systems allows application administrators to execute malicious commands on the host device being restored.",
"id": "GHSA-6q57-hf8f-cfhp",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:19:30Z",
"published": "2023-07-01T00:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-031-031/8c85fc64-e9a8-4082-9ec4-56b14effd545"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-6Q8M-42QQ-64R7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-01 09:30 – Updated: 2023-03-02 17:16A vulnerability in Imperative framework which allows already-privileged local actors to execute arbitrary shell commands via plugin install/update commands, or maliciously formed environment variables. Impacts Zowe CLI.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@zowe/imperative"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@zowe/imperative"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.18.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-4326"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-01T22:57:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-01T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Imperative framework which allows already-privileged local actors to execute arbitrary shell commands via plugin install/update commands, or maliciously formed environment variables. Impacts Zowe CLI.",
"id": "GHSA-6q8m-42qq-64r7",
"modified": "2023-03-02T17:16:46Z",
"published": "2023-03-01T09:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-4326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zowe/imperative/pull/900"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zowe/imperative/pull/902"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zowe/imperative"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zowe/imperative/commits/v4.18.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zowe/imperative/commits/v5.7.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Imperative CLI vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
GHSA-6QP4-M27M-3PJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-30 12:31 – Updated: 2026-01-30 12:31Due to insufficient input parameter validation on the interface, authenticated users of certain HIKSEMI NAS products can execute arbitrary commands on the device by crafting specific messages.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-30T11:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Due to insufficient input parameter validation on the interface, authenticated users of certain HIKSEMI NAS products can execute arbitrary commands on the device by crafting specific messages.",
"id": "GHSA-6qp4-m27m-3pjj",
"modified": "2026-01-30T12:31:20Z",
"published": "2026-01-30T12:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.hiksemitech.com/en/hiksemi/support/security-advisory.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.