Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5533 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-75011 (GCVE-0-2026-75011)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 18:15 – Updated: 2026-08-17 18:15
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
kylecui NetForensicMCP index.js execAsync command injection
Summary
A flaw has been found in kylecui NetForensicMCP 2.1.0. Impacted is the function execAsync of the file index.js. Executing a manipulation of the argument interface/protocol can lead to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Severity
Assigner
References
6 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391265 | vdb-entrytechnical-description |
| https://vuldb.com/vuln/391265/cti | signaturepermissions-required |
| https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-75011 | third-party-advisory |
| https://vuldb.com/submit/876016 | third-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/kylecui/NetForensicMCP/issues/1 | exploitissue-tracking |
| https://github.com/kylecui/NetForensicMCP/ | product |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| kylecui | NetForensicMCP |
Affected:
2.1.0
cpe:2.3:a:kylecui:netforensicmcp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2026-75007 (GCVE-0-2026-75007)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 12:58 – Updated: 2026-08-17 15:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, the LDAP search filter was subject to injection via unescaped %u/%fu/%d substitution, which may lead to information disclosure or privilege escalation.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 15:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-75004 (GCVE-0-2026-75004)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 12:53 – Updated: 2026-08-17 14:37
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, improper rule name quoting could lead to managesieve_disabled_actions setting bypass via a crafted rule name in a Sieve script. This issue only affects Roundcube instances using the managesieve plugin.
Severity
4.3 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 14:36 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-75002 (GCVE-0-2026-75002)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-17 12:48 – Updated: 2026-08-17 14:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Roundcube Webmail before 1.6.18 and 1.7.x before 1.7.3, mail search and LITERAL+ byte-count desynchronization could lead to information disclosure or privilege escalation via IMAP command injection.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-17 14:38 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-73250 (GCVE-0-2026-73250)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 22:04 – Updated: 2026-08-13 15:14
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Notepad++: Install-time PowerShell command injection through installation path
Summary
Notepad++ is a free and open-source source code editor. Prior to 8.9.7, the Notepad++ Windows 11 x64 and ARM64 installer passes the attacker-influenced installation directory `$INSTDIR` from PowerEditor/installer/nppSetup.nsi into a PowerShell `-Command` string used by RegisterMSIX to invoke Add-AppxPackage, allowing PowerShell subexpression syntax such as `$()` in the installation path to execute commands in the installer's security context when the context menu component is selected. This issue is fixed in version 8.9.7.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-13 15:13 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/notepad-plus-plus/notepad-plus… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| notepad-plus-plus | notepad-plus-plus |
Affected:
< 8.9.7
|
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CVE-2026-73078 (GCVE-0-2026-73078)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-11 15:41 – Updated: 2026-08-11 16:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Vim: Arbitrary Code Execution via Netrw Menu Construction
Summary
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to 9.2.0840, runtime/plugin/netrwPlugin.vim loads netrw and runtime/pack/dist/opt/netrw/autoload/netrw.vim constructs Bookmarks, History, and Targets menu entries by interpolating attacker-controlled directory paths into executed :menu commands. s:NetrwBookmarkMenu(), s:NetrwTgtMenu(), g:netrw_menu_escape, EX_TRLBAR, and netrw#MakeTgt() fail to neutralize the | command separator or single quotes at five construction sites, allowing a crafted path browsed or bookmarked in GUI Vim to execute arbitrary Ex and operating-system commands. This issue is fixed in version 9.2.0840.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 16:56 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GH… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/29c6fd090d45205… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-72913 (GCVE-0-2026-72913)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 21:07 – Updated: 2026-08-11 15:59
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Kitty: Command injection into the child shell via chained @kitty-echo + @kitty-ssh DCS escape sequences
Summary
Kitty is a cross-platform GPU based terminal. Prior to 0.48.2, the @kitty-echo and @kitty-ssh DCS handlers in kitty/window.py write unauthenticated data to the child shell's stdin, where handle_remote_echo accepts printable shell command characters and handle_remote_ssh calls get_ssh_data in kittens/ssh/utils.py, which emits a newline; chaining the handlers can execute attacker-controlled commands when a user displays untrusted terminal data. This issue is fixed in version 0.48.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 15:57 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/commit/9dca94… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/kovidgoyal/kitty/releases/tag/… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://sw.kovidgoyal.net/kitty/changelog/#id1 | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| kovidgoyal | kitty |
Affected:
< 0.48.2
|
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CVE-2026-72904 (GCVE-0-2026-72904)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 20:42 – Updated: 2026-08-11 14:28
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Firecrawl: Arbitrary file read via JSON Schema $ref expansion
Summary
Firecrawl turns entire websites into LLM-ready markdown or structured data. Prior to 2.11.32, a critical arbitrary file read vulnerability exists in Firecrawl's extraction functionality due to unsafe schema dereferencing of user-supplied JSON schemas in apps/api/src/lib/extract/helpers/dereference-schema.ts. The affected code invokes the json-schema-ref-parser dependency with default resolver settings, allowing external and local file references to be resolved during schema processing. An authenticated attacker can supply a malicious schema containing a $ref within default, const, or enum fields that are not traversed by AJV validation. By triggering a dereference error, file contents from the extract worker filesystem may be included in persisted error messages returned through the extraction API, enabling arbitrary file reads and SSRF against internal or external HTTP endpoints. This issue is fixed in version 2.11.32.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 14:27 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
- CWE-78 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
- CWE-94 - Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
- CWE-95 - Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code ('Eval Injection')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/firecrawl/firecrawl/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/firecrawl/firecrawl/commit/053… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-72869 (GCVE-0-2026-72869)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 18:40 – Updated: 2026-08-11 14:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dokploy: Authenticated OS command injection in backup.restoreBackupWithLogs (databaseName) leading to host RCE
Summary
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Prior to 0.29.13, the backup.restoreBackupWithLogs tRPC subscription passes the databaseName parameter to restore builders in packages/server/src/utils/restore/utils.ts, where PostgreSQL, MariaDB, MySQL, and MongoDB commands embed the value in nested shell text executed by Node.js exec. An authenticated user with backup:restore permission can supply a crafted databaseName that the host /bin/sh expands before docker exec, resulting in arbitrary commands running in the Docker-privileged host context. This issue is fixed in version 0.29.13.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-11 14:37 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/pull/4862 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/commit/ccd2e83… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-72736 (GCVE-0-2026-72736)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-10 17:40 – Updated: 2026-08-10 18:04
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Dokploy: OS Command Injection in registry credential testing and Swarm cluster management → HOST RCE
Summary
Dokploy is a free, self-hostable Platform as a Service (PaaS). Prior to 0.29.13, Dokploy passes user-controlled values directly into shell commands via unquoted template literal interpolation in the registry credential testing and Docker Swarm cluster management endbpoints. Both endpoints have a safe local code path (using execFileAsync or the Docker API) but a vulnerable remote path (using execAsyncRemote which runs the shell string via SSH). This vulnerability is fixed in 0.29.13.
Severity
9.9 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-10 18:03 UTC
CWE
- CWE-77 - Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/commit/df2779e… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/Dokploy/dokploy/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation
Architecture and Design
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
Implementation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Operation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.