CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5384 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-763P-5RX7-R4QF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-22 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Zimbra Collaboration (aka ZCS) 8.8.15 and 9.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary memcache commands into a targeted instance. These memcache commands becomes unescaped, causing an overwrite of arbitrary cached entries.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27924"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-21T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Zimbra Collaboration (aka ZCS) 8.8.15 and 9.0 allows an unauthenticated attacker to inject arbitrary memcache commands into a targeted instance. These memcache commands becomes unescaped, causing an overwrite of arbitrary cached entries.",
"id": "GHSA-763p-5rx7-r4qf",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:32Z",
"published": "2022-04-22T00:00:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Releases/9.0.0/P24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Security_Advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-27924"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-763W-C5W6-4PW8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 00:31 – Updated: 2025-03-27 15:30Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26298"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-27T22:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerabilities in the ClearPass Policy Manager web-based management interface allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-763w-c5w6-4pw8",
"modified": "2025-03-27T15:30:53Z",
"published": "2024-02-28T00:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26298"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2024-001.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7649-76JC-FC5R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-31 12:31 – Updated: 2026-04-13 15:31Prompt injection vulnerability in 1millionbot Millie chatbot that occurs when a user manages to evade chat restrictions using Boolean prompt injection techniques (formulating a question in such a way that, upon receiving an affirmative response ('true'), the model executes the injected instruction), causing it to return prohibited information and information outside its intended context. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a malicious remote attacker to abuse the service for purposes other than those originally intended, or even execute out-of-context tasks using 1millionbot's resources and/or OpenAI's API key. This allows the attacker to evade the containment mechanisms implemented during LLM model training and obtain responses or chat behaviors that were originally restricted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4399"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T11:16:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Prompt injection vulnerability in 1millionbot Millie chatbot that occurs when a user manages to evade chat restrictions using Boolean prompt injection techniques (formulating a question in such a way that, upon receiving an affirmative response (\u0027true\u0027), the model executes the injected instruction), causing it to return prohibited information and information outside its intended context. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a malicious remote attacker to abuse the service for purposes other than those originally intended, or even execute out-of-context tasks using 1millionbot\u0027s resources and/or OpenAI\u0027s API key. This allows the attacker to evade the containment mechanisms implemented during LLM model training and obtain responses or chat behaviors that were originally restricted.",
"id": "GHSA-7649-76jc-fc5r",
"modified": "2026-04-13T15:31:07Z",
"published": "2026-03-31T12:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4399"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso/multiple-vulnerabilities-1millionbot-millie-chatbot"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-765C-W3W5-9CGW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-31 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:26EDIMAX BR-6288ACL v1.12 was discovered to contain an authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the pppUserName parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-33722"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-31T19:15:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "EDIMAX BR-6288ACL v1.12 was discovered to contain an authenticated remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability via the pppUserName parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-765c-w3w5-9cgw",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:26:38Z",
"published": "2023-05-31T21:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-33722"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KNuU0nVd4oHMZiKgfs45wK2yA4N6K7q4/edit?usp=sharing\u0026ouid=108638774561085298954\u0026rtpof=true\u0026sd=true"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://shimo.im/docs/pmkxQ1GQ4DTowANr"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76J8-9W6M-JJPJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01TRENDnet TEW733GR v1.03B01 is vulnerable to Command injection via /htdocs/upnpinc/gena.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37053"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-28T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TRENDnet TEW733GR v1.03B01 is vulnerable to Command injection via /htdocs/upnpinc/gena.php.",
"id": "GHSA-76j8-9w6m-jjpj",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:05Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T00:00:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37053"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1P_-h5wNtRiyVToDUjRNZhsmtILINv7EL/view?usp=sharing"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://trendnet.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76MF-J946-5J78
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-14 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-22 18:30TOTOLINK CA300-PoE V6.2c.884 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the webWlanIdx parameter in the setWebWlanIdx function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24161"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-14T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK CA300-PoE V6.2c.884 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the webWlanIdx parameter in the setWebWlanIdx function.",
"id": "GHSA-76mf-j946-5j78",
"modified": "2023-02-22T18:30:33Z",
"published": "2023-02-14T15:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/iceyjchen/VulnerabilityProjectRecords/blob/main/setWebWlanIdx/setWebWlanIdx.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76PQ-9VQF-2PJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:36An issue was discovered in Anyka Microelectronics AK3918EV300 MCU v18. A command injection vulnerability in the network configuration script within the MCU's operating system allows attackers to perform arbitrary command execution via a crafted wifi SSID or password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-30400"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T01:15:39Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Anyka Microelectronics AK3918EV300 MCU v18. A command injection vulnerability in the network configuration script within the MCU\u0027s operating system allows attackers to perform arbitrary command execution via a crafted wifi SSID or password.",
"id": "GHSA-76pq-9vqf-2pjv",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:36:46Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.00610"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Nemobi/ak3918ev300v18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-76Q2-VQQ4-GJ3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Impacted is the function cgi_portforwarding_add/cgi_portforwarding_del/cgi_portforwarding_modify/cgi_portforwarding_add_scan/cgi_dhcpd_lease/cgi_ddns/cgi_ip/cgi_dhcpd of the file /cgi-bin/network_mgr.cgi. The manipulation results in command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:20:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20260205. Impacted is the function cgi_portforwarding_add/cgi_portforwarding_del/cgi_portforwarding_modify/cgi_portforwarding_add_scan/cgi_dhcpd_lease/cgi_ddns/cgi_ip/cgi_dhcpd of the file /cgi-bin/network_mgr.cgi. The manipulation results in command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-76q2-vqq4-gj3h",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_122/122.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wudipjq/my_vuln/blob/main/D-Link8/vuln_123/123.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770401"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770404"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770405"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770406"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.770408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7729-F2M7-VM5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-04 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-04 21:30A vulnerability was found in hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function exportPDF of the file /user/exportPDF. The manipulation of the argument id leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1946"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-04T19:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in hzmanyun Education and Training System 2.1. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the function exportPDF of the file /user/exportPDF. The manipulation of the argument id leads to command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-7729-f2m7-vm5h",
"modified": "2025-03-04T21:30:56Z",
"published": "2025-03-04T21:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1946"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/heiheixz/report/blob/main/nxb_1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.298520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.298520"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.506657"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7735-W2JP-GVG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-31 15:30 – Updated: 2024-11-25 19:31The Vanna library uses a prompt function to present the user with visualized results, it is possible to alter the prompt using prompt injection and run arbitrary Python code instead of the intended visualization code. Specifically - allowing external input to the library’s “ask” method with "visualize" set to True (default behavior) leads to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "vanna"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.5.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-5565"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-06-04T15:15:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-31T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Vanna library uses a prompt function to present the user with visualized results, it is possible to alter the prompt using prompt injection and run arbitrary Python code instead of the intended visualization code. Specifically - allowing external input to the library\u2019s \u201cask\u201d method with \"visualize\" set to True (default behavior) leads to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-7735-w2jp-gvg6",
"modified": "2024-11-25T19:31:26Z",
"published": "2024-05-31T15:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-5565"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vanna-ai/vanna"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.jfrog.com/vulnerabilities/vanna-prompt-injection-rce-jfsa-2024-001034449"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Vanna prompt injection code execution"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.