CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-863P-RW7X-45HF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:45A remote execution of arbitrary commands vulnerability was discovered in some Aruba Instant Access Point (IAP) products in version(s): Aruba Instant 6.5.x: 6.5.4.17 and below; Aruba Instant 8.3.x: 8.3.0.13 and below; Aruba Instant 8.5.x: 8.5.0.10 and below; Aruba Instant 8.6.x: 8.6.0.5 and below; Aruba Instant 8.7.x: 8.7.0.0 and below. Aruba has released patches for Aruba Instant that address this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-24635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-29T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote execution of arbitrary commands vulnerability was discovered in some Aruba Instant Access Point (IAP) products in version(s): Aruba Instant 6.5.x: 6.5.4.17 and below; Aruba Instant 8.3.x: 8.3.0.13 and below; Aruba Instant 8.5.x: 8.5.0.10 and below; Aruba Instant 8.6.x: 8.6.0.5 and below; Aruba Instant 8.7.x: 8.7.0.0 and below. Aruba has released patches for Aruba Instant that address this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-863p-rw7x-45hf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:45:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-24635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-723417.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-007.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-866W-MHV5-886H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-22 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:09?A command injection vulnerability exists in Trane XL824, XL850, XL1050, and Pivot thermostats allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root using a specially crafted filename. The vulnerability requires physical access to the device via a USB stick.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4212"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-22T19:16:41Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\n?A command injection vulnerability exists in Trane XL824, XL850, XL1050, and Pivot thermostats allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root using a specially crafted filename. The vulnerability requires physical access to the device via a USB stick.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-866w-mhv5-886h",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:09:23Z",
"published": "2023-08-22T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4212"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-234-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hub.tranetechnologies.com/docs/DOC-216377"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-23-234-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.trane.com/commercial/north-america/us/en/contact-us/locate-sales-offices.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8695-FR6H-9FQ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-04-13 15:19 – Updated: 2023-09-11 16:28All versions of package nuance-gulp-build-common are vulnerable to Command Injection via the index.js file.
PoC:
var a = require("nuance-gulp-build-common")
a.run("touch JHU")
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nuance-gulp-build-common"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28430"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-25T23:50:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-23T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "All versions of package nuance-gulp-build-common are vulnerable to Command Injection via the index.js file.\n\n**PoC:** \n```js\nvar a = require(\"nuance-gulp-build-common\")\na.run(\"touch JHU\")\n```",
"id": "GHSA-8695-fr6h-9fq8",
"modified": "2023-09-11T16:28:40Z",
"published": "2021-04-13T15:19:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-NUANCEGULPBUILDCOMMON-1050419"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Command Injection in nuance-gulp-build-common",
"withdrawn": "2021-08-30T23:13:49Z"
}
GHSA-8699-H45G-7HM8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 19:24 – Updated: 2025-05-14 19:19Concrete CMS (formerly concrete5) below 8.5.10 and between 9.0.0 and 9.1.2 is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in dashboard/system/express/entities/associations because Concrete CMS allows association with an entity name that doesn’t exist or, if it does exist, contains XSS since it was not properly sanitized. Remediate by updating to Concrete CMS 9.1.3+ or 8.5.10+.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "concrete5/concrete5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.5.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "concrete5/concrete5"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-43695"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-79"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-06T21:34:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-14T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Concrete CMS (formerly concrete5) below 8.5.10 and between 9.0.0 and 9.1.2 is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in dashboard/system/express/entities/associations because Concrete CMS allows association with an entity name that doesn\u2019t exist or, if it does exist, contains XSS since it was not properly sanitized. Remediate by updating to Concrete CMS 9.1.3+ or 8.5.10+.",
"id": "GHSA-8699-h45g-7hm8",
"modified": "2025-05-14T19:19:22Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T19:24:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-43695"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.concretecms.org/developers/introduction/version-history/8510-release-notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.concretecms.org/developers/introduction/version-history/913-release-notes"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/concretecms"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/concretecms/concretecms/releases/8.5.10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/concretecms/concretecms/releases/9.1.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.concretecms.org/about/project-news/security/concrete-cms-security-advisory-2022-10-31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Concrete CMS Cross-site Scripting vulnerability"
}
GHSA-86C5-9JXX-M8G7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-16 06:31 – Updated: 2026-02-16 06:31A weakness has been identified in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. This affects the function AddMac of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. This manipulation of the argument macAddr causes command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2530"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-16T04:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Wavlink WL-WN579A3 up to 20210219. This affects the function AddMac of the file /cgi-bin/wireless.cgi. This manipulation of the argument macAddr causes command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-86c5-9jxx-m8g7",
"modified": "2026-02-16T06:31:29Z",
"published": "2026-02-16T06:31:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/MRAdera/IoT-Vuls/blob/main/wavlink/wn579a3/AddMac.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.346118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.346118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.748077"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-86CJ-MGP6-W7FC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-14 00:31 – Updated: 2025-07-14 00:31A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-818LW up to 20191215. This affects an unknown part of the component System Time Page. The manipulation of the argument NTP Server leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7553"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-14T00:15:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DIR-818LW up to 20191215. This affects an unknown part of the component System Time Page. The manipulation of the argument NTP Server leads to os command injection. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-86cj-mgp6-w7fc",
"modified": "2025-07-14T00:31:07Z",
"published": "2025-07-14T00:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7553"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.316251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.316251"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.614928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-86G2-V9C6-VG83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-25 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-26 06:30This vulnerability allows malicious actors to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system of the Zenitel ICX500 and ICX510 Gateway, granting shell access. Exploitation can compromise the device’s availability, confidentiality, and integrity.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59815"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-25T20:15:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows malicious actors to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying system of the Zenitel ICX500 and ICX510 Gateway, granting shell access. Exploitation can compromise the device\u2019s availability, confidentiality, and integrity.",
"id": "GHSA-86g2-v9c6-vg83",
"modified": "2025-09-26T06:30:48Z",
"published": "2025-09-25T21:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59815"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zenitel.com/wiki/Downloads#ICX-AlphaCom_System"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wiki.zenitel.com/wiki/ICX_1.4.3.X_-_Release_Notes"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-86H5-7C4R-G3GH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:49 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:46The network diagnostics tool (CommandLineServlet) in the Appliance Manager command line utility (CLU) in Websense TRITON 7.8.3 and V-Series appliances before 7.8.4 Hotfix 02 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the "second" parameter of a command, as demonstrated by the Destination parameter in the ping command.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-2746"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-03-26T14:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The network diagnostics tool (CommandLineServlet) in the Appliance Manager command line utility (CLU) in Websense TRITON 7.8.3 and V-Series appliances before 7.8.4 Hotfix 02 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in the \"second\" parameter of a command, as demonstrated by the Destination parameter in the ping command.",
"id": "GHSA-86h5-7c4r-g3gh",
"modified": "2025-04-12T12:46:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:49:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-2746"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/36423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securify.nl/advisory/SFY20140906/command_injection_vulnerability_in_network_diagnostics_tool_of_websense_appliance_manager.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/130899/Websense-Appliance-Manager-Command-Injection.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Mar/104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/534910/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.websense.com/support/article/kbarticle/October-2014-Hotfix-Summary-for-Websense-Solutions"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-86HP-QXQP-W9WV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-30 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-06 23:28A vulnerability was detected in VetCoders mcp-server-semgrep 1.0.0. This affects the function analyze_results/filter_results/export_results/compare_results/scan_directory/create_rule of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. The manipulation of the argument ID results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.0.1 is able to mitigate this issue. The patch is identified as 141335da044e53c3f5b315e0386e01238405b771. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.0.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "mcp-server-semgrep"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7446"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-06T23:28:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-30T00:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was detected in VetCoders mcp-server-semgrep 1.0.0. This affects the function analyze_results/filter_results/export_results/compare_results/scan_directory/create_rule of the file src/index.ts of the component MCP Interface. The manipulation of the argument ID results in os command injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. Upgrading to version 1.0.1 is able to mitigate this issue. The patch is identified as 141335da044e53c3f5b315e0386e01238405b771. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-86hp-qxqp-w9wv",
"modified": "2026-05-06T23:28:35Z",
"published": "2026-04-30T00:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7446"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VetCoders/mcp-server-semgrep/issues/12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VetCoders/mcp-server-semgrep/pull/15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VetCoders/mcp-server-semgrep/commit/141335da044e53c3f5b315e0386e01238405b771"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/VetCoders/mcp-server-semgrep"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/VetCoders/mcp-server-semgrep/releases/tag/v1.0.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/804100"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360187"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/360187/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "mcp-server-semgrep has a Command Injection issue"
}
GHSA-86VM-3WJC-W52P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-06 21:15 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:47An attacker having physical access to WDM can plug USB device to gain access and execute unwanted commands. A malicious user could enter a system command along with a backup configuration, which could result in the execution of unwanted commands. This issue affects OneWireless all versions up to 322.1 and fixed in version 322.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46361"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-30T17:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker having physical access to WDM can plug USB device to gain access and execute unwanted commands. A malicious user could enter a system command along with a backup configuration, which could result in the execution of unwanted commands.\u00a0This issue affects OneWireless all versions up to 322.1 and fixed in version 322.2.",
"id": "GHSA-86vm-3wjc-w52p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:47:44Z",
"published": "2023-07-06T21:15:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46361"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://process.honeywell.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.