CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9FCG-R3GC-JVHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:14There is command injection in the addMeshNode interface of xqnetwork.lua, which leads to command execution under administrator authority on Xiaomi router AX3600 with rom versionrom< 1.1.12
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14119"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-16T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There is command injection in the addMeshNode interface of xqnetwork.lua, which leads to command execution under administrator authority on Xiaomi router AX3600 with rom versionrom\u003c 1.1.12",
"id": "GHSA-9fcg-r3gc-jvhf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:14:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:14:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trust.mi.com/zh-CN/misrc/bulletins/advisory?cveId=16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9FM9-6662-288C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-12 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:03Motorola CX2L Router 1.0.1 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the tomography_ping_number parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-11T22:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Motorola CX2L Router 1.0.1 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the tomography_ping_number parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-9fm9-6662-288c",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:03:30Z",
"published": "2023-05-12T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/leetsun/IoT/tree/main/Motorola-CX2L/CI3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9FQH-7335-X742
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:37A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS System Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a command injection attack. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of command arguments to the CLI parser. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting crafted command arguments into a vulnerable CLI command and gaining unauthorized access to the underlying operating system of the device. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands at the user's privilege level. On products that support multiple virtual device contexts (VDCs), this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute commands at the user's privilege level outside the user's environment. This vulnerability affects the following products running Cisco NX-OS System Software: Multilayer Director Switches, Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders, Nexus 3000 Series Switches, Nexus 5000 Series Switches, Nexus 5500 Platform Switches, Nexus 5600 Platform Switches, Nexus 6000 Series Switches, Nexus 7000 Series Switches, Nexus 7700 Series Switches, Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode, Nexus 9500 R-Series Line Cards and Fabric Modules. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve99902, CSCvf14879.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-12330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-11-30T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco NX-OS System Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a command injection attack. The vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of command arguments to the CLI parser. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting crafted command arguments into a vulnerable CLI command and gaining unauthorized access to the underlying operating system of the device. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands at the user\u0027s privilege level. On products that support multiple virtual device contexts (VDCs), this vulnerability could allow an attacker to execute commands at the user\u0027s privilege level outside the user\u0027s environment. This vulnerability affects the following products running Cisco NX-OS System Software: Multilayer Director Switches, Nexus 2000 Series Fabric Extenders, Nexus 3000 Series Switches, Nexus 5000 Series Switches, Nexus 5500 Platform Switches, Nexus 5600 Platform Switches, Nexus 6000 Series Switches, Nexus 7000 Series Switches, Nexus 7700 Series Switches, Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode, Nexus 9500 R-Series Line Cards and Fabric Modules. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCve99902, CSCvf14879.",
"id": "GHSA-9fqh-7335-x742",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:37:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-12330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20171129-nss"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039929"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9G3C-R4J4-8M9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-02 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-02 12:30The WP Database Backup – Unlimited Database & Files Backup by Backup for WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to OS Command Injection in all versions up to and including 7.11 via the wp_db_exclude_table parameter. This is due to the direct concatenation of user-supplied $_POST['wp_db_exclude_table'] values into the mysqldump shell command string in the mysqldump() function of includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php without wrapping them in escapeshellarg()—every other argument in the same command (DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, host, filename, DB_NAME) is properly escaped, making the exclude-table values the sole exception—and because the only applied filtering, sanitize_text_field() via recursive_sanitize_text_field(), strips HTML tags but leaves shell metacharacters such as ;, |, `, and $() intact. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server, potentially enabling full remote code execution. The injection is stored: malicious values submitted through the plugin settings form are persisted to the WordPress options table via update_option('wp_db_exclude_table') and later retrieved with get_option() and passed unsanitized to shell_exec() whenever a backup operation runs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9834"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-02T10:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The WP Database Backup \u2013 Unlimited Database \u0026 Files Backup by Backup for WP plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to OS Command Injection in all versions up to and including 7.11 via the `wp_db_exclude_table` parameter. This is due to the direct concatenation of user-supplied `$_POST[\u0027wp_db_exclude_table\u0027]` values into the `mysqldump` shell command string in the `mysqldump()` function of `includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php` without wrapping them in `escapeshellarg()`\u2014every other argument in the same command (DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, host, filename, DB_NAME) is properly escaped, making the exclude-table values the sole exception\u2014and because the only applied filtering, `sanitize_text_field()` via `recursive_sanitize_text_field()`, strips HTML tags but leaves shell metacharacters such as `;`, `|`, `` ` ``, and `$()` intact. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to execute arbitrary operating system commands on the server, potentially enabling full remote code execution. The injection is stored: malicious values submitted through the plugin settings form are persisted to the WordPress options table via `update_option(\u0027wp_db_exclude_table\u0027)` and later retrieved with `get_option()` and passed unsanitized to `shell_exec()` whenever a backup operation runs.",
"id": "GHSA-9g3c-r4j4-8m9r",
"modified": "2026-07-02T12:30:59Z",
"published": "2026-07-02T12:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9834"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-database-backup/tags/7.10/includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php#L216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-database-backup/tags/7.10/includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php#L2644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-database-backup/tags/7.10/includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php#L2654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-database-backup/tags/7.11/includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php#L216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-database-backup/tags/7.11/includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php#L2644"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-database-backup/tags/7.11/includes/admin/class-wpdb-admin.php#L2654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3574273%40wp-database-backup\u0026new=3574273%40wp-database-backup\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0a97a217-b00b-4268-a472-8d62ae1d18e3?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GF5-28VP-Q243
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-23 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-23 00:30Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in PluXml CMS 5.8.22 allows an attacker with administrator panel access to inject a malicious PHP webshell into a theme file (e.g., home.php).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-67436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-22T22:16:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Authenticated Remote Code Execution (RCE) in PluXml CMS 5.8.22 allows an attacker with administrator panel access to inject a malicious PHP webshell into a theme file (e.g., home.php).",
"id": "GHSA-9gf5-28vp-q243",
"modified": "2025-12-23T00:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-12-23T00:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-67436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/RajChowdhury240/CVE-2025-67435"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pluxml/PluXml"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9GFF-5V8W-X922
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-20 12:31 – Updated: 2025-02-20 20:18A vulnerability, that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), has been found in DocsGPT. Due to improper parsing of JSON data using eval() an unauthorized attacker could send arbitrary Python code to be executed via /api/remote endpoint.
This issue affects DocsGPT: from 0.8.1 through 0.12.0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "docsgpt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.8.1"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.12.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0868"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-95"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-02-20T20:18:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-20T12:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability, that could result in Remote Code Execution (RCE), has been found in DocsGPT. Due to improper parsing of JSON data using eval() an unauthorized attacker could send arbitrary Python code to be executed via /api/remote endpoint.\n\nThis issue affects DocsGPT: from 0.8.1 through 0.12.0.",
"id": "GHSA-9gff-5v8w-x922",
"modified": "2025-02-20T20:18:36Z",
"published": "2025-02-20T12:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/en/posts/2025/02/CVE-2025-0868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.pl/posts/2025/02/CVE-2025-0868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/arc53/DocsGPT"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/arc53/docsgpt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "DocsGPT Allows Remote Code Execution"
}
GHSA-9GHC-5V2P-HQCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-08 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-08 00:00Tenda AX3 v16.03.12.10_CN was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function formSetSafeWanWebMan. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the remoteIp parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Tenda AX3 v16.03.12.10_CN was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function formSetSafeWanWebMan. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the remoteIp parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-9ghc-5v2p-hqcg",
"modified": "2022-02-08T00:00:36Z",
"published": "2022-02-08T00:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi/my_vuln/blob/main/Tenda/vuln_15/15.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9GR7-V5C5-H55M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-02-05 00:00TOTOLINK X5000R v9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function UploadFirmwareFile. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the parameter FileName.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-04T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X5000R v9.1.0u.6118_B20201102 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability in the function UploadFirmwareFile. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via the parameter FileName.",
"id": "GHSA-9gr7-v5c5-h55m",
"modified": "2022-02-05T00:00:38Z",
"published": "2022-02-05T00:00:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pjqwudi/my_vuln/blob/main/totolink/vuln_8/8.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9H3V-9QQV-822M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-15 06:31 – Updated: 2025-12-15 06:31A vulnerability was identified in Shiguangwu sgwbox N3 2.0.25. This impacts an unknown function of the file /usr/sbin/http_eshell_server of the component NETREBOOT Interface. Such manipulation leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-14706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-15T06:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was identified in Shiguangwu sgwbox N3 2.0.25. This impacts an unknown function of the file /usr/sbin/http_eshell_server of the component NETREBOOT Interface. Such manipulation leads to command injection. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-9h3v-9qqv-822m",
"modified": "2025-12-15T06:31:16Z",
"published": "2025-12-15T06:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.336423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.336423"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.706975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/sgwbox-NAS-N3-Command-Injection-2be6cf4e528a807cb619f9d2e1bcda20?source=copy_link"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9H4Q-F9J8-5Q5F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-07-24 21:31A vulnerability exists in the HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN gateway's Command Line Interface that allows remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41135"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-24T20:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in the HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN gateway\u0027s Command Line Interface that allows remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise",
"id": "GHSA-9h4q-f9j8-5q5f",
"modified": "2024-07-24T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2024-07-24T21:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41135"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csaf.arubanetworks.com/2024/hpe_aruba_networking_-_hpesbnw04673.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.