CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5379 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-C79X-94G8-GR5H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-10 03:30 – Updated: 2025-06-17 06:30Command injection in the administration interface in APSystems ECU-R version 5203 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root using the timezone parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-45699"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-10T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Command injection in the administration interface in APSystems ECU-R version 5203 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root using the timezone parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-c79x-94g8-gr5h",
"modified": "2025-06-17T06:30:20Z",
"published": "2023-02-10T03:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-45699"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/0xst4n/APSystems-ECU-R-RCE-Timezone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230626075954/https://github.com/0xst4n/APSystems-ECU-R-RCE-Timezone"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YNeeaDPJOBY"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7GC-X7WQ-J6VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-24 21:31 – Updated: 2024-07-24 21:31A vulnerability exists in the HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN gateway's Command Line Interface that allows remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-24T20:15:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability exists in the HPE Aruba Networking EdgeConnect SD-WAN gateway\u0027s Command Line Interface that allows remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability will result in the ability to execute arbitrary commands as root on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise",
"id": "GHSA-c7gc-x7wq-j6vf",
"modified": "2024-07-24T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2024-07-24T21:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://csaf.arubanetworks.com/2024/hpe_aruba_networking_-_hpesbnw04673.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7HC-987R-WH58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01Vulnerability in rconfig “date” enables an attacker with user level access to the CLI to inject root level commands into Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost, Collector, Sensor, and Sandbox components as well as neighboring Fidelis components. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24388"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-17T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in rconfig \u201cdate\u201d enables an attacker with user level access to the CLI to inject root level commands into Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost, Collector, Sensor, and Sandbox components as well as neighboring Fidelis components. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-c7hc-987r-wh58",
"modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-18T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24388"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fidelissecurity.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/6211730139411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7HF-XVQP-HR4H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00A remote authenticated arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba AirWave Management Platform version(s): Prior to 8.2.12.0. Vulnerabilities in the AirWave web-base management interface could allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as a lower privileged user on the underlying operating system leading to partial system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26970"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-05T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A remote authenticated arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba AirWave Management Platform version(s): Prior to 8.2.12.0. Vulnerabilities in the AirWave web-base management interface could allow remote authenticated users to run arbitrary commands on the underlying host. A successful exploit could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as a lower privileged user on the underlying operating system leading to partial system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-c7hf-xvqp-hr4h",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-005.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7P2-9P5W-6X7M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-13 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-13 03:30A vulnerability was determined in danielmiessler Personal_AI_Infrastructure up to 2.3.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file Skills/Parser/Tools/parse_url.ts. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This patch is called 14322e87e58bf585cf3c7b9295578a6eb7dc4945. It is advisable to implement a patch to correct this issue. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6141"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T01:16:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was determined in danielmiessler Personal_AI_Infrastructure up to 2.3.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file Skills/Parser/Tools/parse_url.ts. Executing a manipulation can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. This patch is called 14322e87e58bf585cf3c7b9295578a6eb7dc4945. It is advisable to implement a patch to correct this issue. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.",
"id": "GHSA-c7p2-9p5w-6x7m",
"modified": "2026-04-13T03:30:29Z",
"published": "2026-04-13T03:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6141"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/danielmiessler/Personal_AI_Infrastructure/pull/659"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/danielmiessler/Personal_AI_Infrastructure/pull/659#issuecomment-3905020094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/danielmiessler/Personal_AI_Infrastructure/commit/14322e87e58bf585cf3c7b9295578a6eb7dc4945"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/danielmiessler/Personal_AI_Infrastructure"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/793438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/357005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/357005/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C7VP-757H-879W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-27 21:31 – Updated: 2024-08-27 21:31A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. Affected is the function cgi_FMT_R12R5_1st_DiskMGR of the file /cgi-bin/hd_config.cgi. The manipulation of the argument f_source_dev leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-8213"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-27T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in D-Link DNS-120, DNR-202L, DNS-315L, DNS-320, DNS-320L, DNS-320LW, DNS-321, DNR-322L, DNS-323, DNS-325, DNS-326, DNS-327L, DNR-326, DNS-340L, DNS-343, DNS-345, DNS-726-4, DNS-1100-4, DNS-1200-05 and DNS-1550-04 up to 20240814. Affected is the function cgi_FMT_R12R5_1st_DiskMGR of the file /cgi-bin/hd_config.cgi. The manipulation of the argument f_source_dev leads to command injection. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. NOTE: This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer. NOTE: Vendor was contacted early and confirmed that the product is end-of-life. It should be retired and replaced.",
"id": "GHSA-c7vp-757h-879w",
"modified": "2024-08-27T21:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-08-27T21:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-8213"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/BuaaIOTTeam/Iot_Dlink_NAS/blob/main/DNS_cgi_FMT_R12R5_1st_DiskMGR.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://supportannouncement.us.dlink.com/security/publication.aspx?name=SAP10383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.275922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.275922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.397277"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C839-4FPV-9XP7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34During the plaintext phase of the STARTTLS connection setup, protocol commands could have been injected and evaluated within the encrypted session. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 78.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15685"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "During the plaintext phase of the STARTTLS connection setup, protocol commands could have been injected and evaluated within the encrypted session. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 78.7.",
"id": "GHSA-c839-4fpv-9xp7",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:04Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15685"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1622640"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2021-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-C84X-VVP8-XJHM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-27 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-05 00:01Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-45590"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-26T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Certain NETGEAR devices are affected by command injection by an authenticated user. This affects RBK752 before 3.2.16.6, RBR750 before 3.2.16.6, RBS750 before 3.2.16.6, RBK852 before 3.2.16.6, RBR850 before 3.2.16.6, and RBS850 before 3.2.16.6.",
"id": "GHSA-c84x-vvp8-xjhm",
"modified": "2022-01-05T00:01:17Z",
"published": "2021-12-27T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-45590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.netgear.com/000064112/Security-Advisory-for-Post-Authentication-Command-Injection-on-Some-WiFi-Systems-PSV-2020-0098"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-C876-J5VH-467R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-28 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-28 21:31A weakness has been identified in LB-LINK BL-X26 1.2.8. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_hidessid_cfg of the component HTTP Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-28T19:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in LB-LINK BL-X26 1.2.8. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/set_hidessid_cfg of the component HTTP Handler. This manipulation of the argument enable causes os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be exploited. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-c876-j5vh-467r",
"modified": "2025-08-28T21:31:26Z",
"published": "2025-08-28T21:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lin-3-start/lin-cve/blob/main/B-Link%20X26%20V1.2.8-1/B-Link%20X26%20V1.2.8.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/lin-3-start/lin-cve/blob/main/B-Link%20X26%20V1.2.8-1/B-Link%20X26%20V1.2.8.md#3-poc"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.321692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.321692"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.636082"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-C89R-XWV9-FQ4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-01 15:31 – Updated: 2025-05-02 15:31Totolink CP900 V6.3c.1144_B20190715 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setUpgradeUboot function via the FileName parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-44854"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-01T14:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Totolink CP900 V6.3c.1144_B20190715 was found to contain a command injection vulnerability in the setUpgradeUboot function via the FileName parameter. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-c89r-xwv9-fq4w",
"modified": "2025-05-02T15:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-05-01T15:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Summermu/VulnForIoT/tree/main/Totolink_CP900/setUpgradeUboot/readme.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.