CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5381 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FCHC-R69W-44GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:39 – Updated: 2023-09-29 15:30Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1261"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-20T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco SD-WAN products could allow an authenticated attacker to perform command injection attacks against an affected device, which could allow the attacker to take certain actions with root privileges on the device. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory. ",
"id": "GHSA-fchc-r69w-44gq",
"modified": "2023-09-29T15:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:39:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1261"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sdwan-cmdinjm-9QMSmgcn"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FCR4-H6C4-RVVP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-13 09:30 – Updated: 2025-06-13 21:19An attacker with access to a minion key can exploit the 'on demand' pillar functionality with a specially crafted git url which could cause and arbitrary command to be run on the master with the same privileges as the master process.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3006.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3006.12"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "salt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3007.0rc1"
},
{
"fixed": "3007.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-22237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-06-13T21:19:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-13T07:15:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An attacker with access to a minion key can exploit the \u0027on demand\u0027 pillar functionality with a specially crafted git url which could cause and arbitrary command to be run on the master with the same privileges as the master process.",
"id": "GHSA-fcr4-h6c4-rvvp",
"modified": "2025-06-13T21:19:46Z",
"published": "2025-06-13T09:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-22237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt/commit/9445f496fed61b15dc4364818007e5b765b0746f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3006/topics/releases/3006.12.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.saltproject.io/en/3007/topics/releases/3007.4.html"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/saltstack/salt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Salt\u0027s on demand pillar functionality vulnerable to arbitrary command injections "
}
GHSA-FCX8-38MG-GR6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 09:30 – Updated: 2025-01-24 09:30An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection in the OCPP Service with limited privileges due to improper input validation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25998"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T09:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection\u00a0in the OCPP\u00a0Service with limited privileges due to improper input validation.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-fcx8-38mg-gr6r",
"modified": "2025-01-24T09:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-03-12T09:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25998"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert.vde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2024-011"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF3C-4MV4-5786
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-29 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-29 15:30An Improper Input Validation in UISP Application could allow a Command Injection by a malicious actor with High Privileges and local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-29T00:15:32Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "An Improper Input Validation in UISP Application could allow a Command Injection by a malicious actor with High Privileges and local access.",
"id": "GHSA-ff3c-4mv4-5786",
"modified": "2025-08-29T15:30:37Z",
"published": "2025-08-29T00:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-053/b0c4aa38-90aa-412d-b5b9-6395e057d822"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF4V-7J2M-CV66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:45 – Updated: 2022-06-05 00:00A remote execution of arbitrary commands vulnerability was discovered in some Aruba Instant Access Point (IAP) products in version(s): Aruba Instant 6.5.x: 6.5.4.17 and below; Aruba Instant 8.3.x: 8.3.0.13 and below; Aruba Instant 8.5.x: 8.5.0.10 and below; Aruba Instant 8.6.x: 8.6.0.4 and below. Aruba has released patches for Aruba Instant that address this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-25150"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-30T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote execution of arbitrary commands vulnerability was discovered in some Aruba Instant Access Point (IAP) products in version(s): Aruba Instant 6.5.x: 6.5.4.17 and below; Aruba Instant 8.3.x: 8.3.0.13 and below; Aruba Instant 8.5.x: 8.5.0.10 and below; Aruba Instant 8.6.x: 8.6.0.4 and below. Aruba has released patches for Aruba Instant that address this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-ff4v-7j2m-cv66",
"modified": "2022-06-05T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:45:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-25150"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-723417.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-007.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FF5W-VXJM-5VXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30TP-Link TL-WR841N ated_tp Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of TP-Link TL-WR841N routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the ated_tp service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21825.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39471"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TP-Link TL-WR841N ated_tp Command Injection Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of TP-Link TL-WR841N routers. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the ated_tp service. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of a user-supplied string before using it to execute a system call. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of root. Was ZDI-CAN-21825.",
"id": "GHSA-ff5w-vxjm-5vxf",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:56Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39471"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1624"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFHX-6P84-463H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-24 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-25 19:00myVesta Control Panel before 0.9.8-26-43 and Vesta Control Panel before 0.9.8-26 are vulnerable to command injection. An authenticated and remote administrative user can execute arbitrary commands via the v_sftp_license parameter when sending HTTP POST requests to the /edit/server endpoint.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46850"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-88"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-24T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "myVesta Control Panel before 0.9.8-26-43 and Vesta Control Panel before 0.9.8-26 are vulnerable to command injection. An authenticated and remote administrative user can execute arbitrary commands via the v_sftp_license parameter when sending HTTP POST requests to the /edit/server endpoint.",
"id": "GHSA-ffhx-6p84-463h",
"modified": "2022-10-25T19:00:35Z",
"published": "2022-10-24T19:00:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46850"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/myvesta/vesta/commit/7991753ab7c5c568768028fb77554db8ea149f17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/serghey-rodin/vesta/commit/a4e4542a6d1351c2857b169f8621dd9a13a2e896"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.talosintelligence.com/2021/06/necro-python-bot-adds-new-tricks.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/myvesta/vesta/releases/tag/0.9.8-26-43"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49674"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFRP-H3JJ-HR49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-16 18:30 – Updated: 2024-05-16 18:30Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in WatchGuard AuthPoint Password Manager on MacOS allows an a adversary with local access to execute code under the context of the AuthPoint Password Manager application. This issue affects AuthPoint Password Manager for MacOS versions before 1.0.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1417"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-16T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in WatchGuard AuthPoint Password Manager on MacOS allows an a adversary with local access to execute code under the context of the AuthPoint Password Manager application.\nThis issue affects AuthPoint Password Manager for MacOS versions before 1.0.6.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-ffrp-h3jj-hr49",
"modified": "2024-05-16T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2024-05-16T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.watchguard.com/wgrd-psirt/advisory/wgsa-2024-00006"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFW3-9PWP-WMFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-10-24 19:00A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Intersight Virtual Appliance could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a command injection attack on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using the web-based management interface to execute a command using crafted input. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands using root-level privileges on an affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-06T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Intersight Virtual Appliance could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to perform a command injection attack on an affected device. This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using the web-based management interface to execute a command using crafted input. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands using root-level privileges on an affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-ffw3-9pwp-wmfg",
"modified": "2022-10-24T19:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-ucsi2-command-inject-CGyC8y2R"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FFWG-6PQV-H33R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:12The 'Copy as cURL' feature of Devtools' network tab did not properly escape the HTTP method of a request, which can be controlled by the website. If a user used the 'Copy as Curl' feature and pasted the command into a terminal, it could have resulted in command injection and arbitrary command execution. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 68.6, Firefox < 74, Firefox < ESR68.6, and Firefox ESR < 68.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6811"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-74",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-25T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The \u0027Copy as cURL\u0027 feature of Devtools\u0027 network tab did not properly escape the HTTP method of a request, which can be controlled by the website. If a user used the \u0027Copy as Curl\u0027 feature and pasted the command into a terminal, it could have resulted in command injection and arbitrary command execution. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 68.6, Firefox \u003c 74, Firefox \u003c ESR68.6, and Firefox ESR \u003c 68.6.",
"id": "GHSA-ffwg-6pqv-h33r",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:12:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:12:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6811"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1607742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4328-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4335-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.