Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15126 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JWR4-8CH7-78F3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:41 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:41
VLAI
Details
Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.4 (and earlier) and 22.1.1 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-11T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Photoshop versions 21.2.4 (and earlier) and 22.1.1 (and earlier) are affected by an Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-jwr4-8ch7-78f3",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:41:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:41:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/photoshop/apsb21-10.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JWRV-R6RM-VQH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-14 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-15 00:02
VLAI
Details
This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley View 10.15.0.75. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. Crafted data in a JT file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-14829.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-34877"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-13T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Bentley View 10.15.0.75. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the parsing of JT files. Crafted data in a JT file can trigger a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-14829.",
"id": "GHSA-jwrv-r6rm-vqh2",
"modified": "2022-01-15T00:02:39Z",
"published": "2022-01-14T00:01:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34877"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bentley.com/en/common-vulnerability-exposure/BE-2021-0005"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-1465"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JWV8-5WHV-8Q2W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-21 21:31
VLAI
Details
INVT VT-Designer PM3 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of INVT VT-Designer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PM3 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25724.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T20:15:43Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "INVT VT-Designer PM3 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of INVT VT-Designer. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of PM3 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25724.",
"id": "GHSA-jwv8-5whv-8q2w",
"modified": "2025-07-21T21:31:38Z",
"published": "2025-07-21T21:31:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-482"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWVJ-46JJ-5GV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-02 09:30 – Updated: 2026-02-03 00:30
VLAI
Details
In Modem, there is a possible system crash due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote denial of service, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY00693083; Issue ID: MSV-5928.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20402"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-02T09:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Modem, there is a possible system crash due to improper input validation. This could lead to remote denial of service, if a UE has connected to a rogue base station controlled by the attacker, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: MOLY00693083; Issue ID: MSV-5928.",
"id": "GHSA-jwvj-46jj-5gv7",
"modified": "2026-02-03T00:30:17Z",
"published": "2026-02-02T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20402"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/February-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JWVW-V7C5-M82H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:06 – Updated: 2024-10-21 20:54
VLAI
Summary
protobuf susceptible to buffer overflow
Details
protobuf allows remote authenticated attackers to cause a heap-based buffer overflow.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Google.Protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "com.google.protobuf:protobuf-parent"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "google/protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "protobuf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-5237"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-17T21:54:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-25T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "protobuf allows remote authenticated attackers to cause a heap-based buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-jwvw-v7c5-m82h",
"modified": "2024-10-21T20:54:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:06:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5237"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/protobuf/issues/760"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1256426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r320dc858da88846ba00bb077bcca2cdf75b7dde0f6eb3a3d60dba6a1@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r42e47994734cd1980ef3e204a40555336e10cc80096927aca2f37d90@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
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},
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb40dc9d63a5331bce8e80865b7fa3af9dd31e16555affd697b6f3526@%3Cissues.spark.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rb71dac1d9dd4e8a8ae3dbc033aeae514eda9be1263c1df3b42a530a2@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rd64381fb8f92d640c1975dc50dcdf1b8512e02a2a7b20292d3565cae@%3Cissues.hbase.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/re6d04a214424a97ea59c62190d79316edf311a0a6346524dfef3b940@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rf7539287c90be979bac94af9aaba34118fbf968864944b4871af48dd@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jwvw-v7c5-m82h"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/protobuf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/protobuf/releases/tag/v3.4.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/protobuf/PYSEC-2017-65.yaml"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/519eb0fd45642dcecd9ff74cb3e71c20a4753f7d82e2f07864b5108f@%3Cdev.drill.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r17dc6f394429f6bffb5e4c66555d93c2e9923cbbdc5a93db9a56c1c7@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1d274d647b3c2060df9be21eade4ce56d3a59998cf19ac72662dd994@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r2ea33ce5591a9cb9ed52750b6ab42ab658f529a7028c3166ba93c7d5@%3Ccommon-issues.hadoop.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2015/08/27/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "protobuf susceptible to buffer overflow"
}
GHSA-JWWV-RG6R-P4J2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30
VLAI
Details
Fatek Automation FvDesigner FPJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Fatek Automation FvDesigner. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of FPJ files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18173.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34269"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Fatek Automation FvDesigner FPJ File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Fatek Automation FvDesigner. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of FPJ files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated data structure. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-18173.",
"id": "GHSA-jwwv-rg6r-p4j2",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:51Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34269"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-767"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JX32-F9JJ-34P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-20 18:30 – Updated: 2024-03-20 18:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC10U 15.03.06.49. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setSchedWifi of the file /goform/openSchedWifi. The manipulation of the argument schedStartTime leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257461 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2710"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-20T18:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda AC10U 15.03.06.49. It has been declared as critical. Affected by this vulnerability is the function setSchedWifi of the file /goform/openSchedWifi. The manipulation of the argument schedStartTime leads to stack-based buffer overflow. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-257461 was assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-jx32-f9jj-34p6",
"modified": "2024-03-20T18:30:40Z",
"published": "2024-03-20T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/AC10U/v1.V15.03.06.49/more/setSchedWifi_start.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.257461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.257461"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JX48-QWR8-HW6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-12 06:30 – Updated: 2023-02-21 18:30
VLAI
Details
In wlan driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service in wlan services.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47366"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-12T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In wlan driver, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local denial of service in wlan services.",
"id": "GHSA-jx48-qwr8-hw6c",
"modified": "2023-02-21T18:30:16Z",
"published": "2023-02-12T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.unisoc.com/en_us/secy/announcementDetail/1621031430231134210"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JX4Q-93VJ-QQGP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11
VLAI
Details
A VULNERABILITY_CLASS vulnerability exists in the FEATURE functionality of Disc Soft Ltd Deamon Tools Pro AFFECTED_VERSIONS. A specially crafted VECTOR can lead to IMPACT. An attacker can EXPLOIT_ACTION to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-21832"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-190",
"CWE-680",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-17T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A VULNERABILITY_CLASS vulnerability exists in the FEATURE functionality of Disc Soft Ltd Deamon Tools Pro AFFECTED_VERSIONS. A specially crafted VECTOR can lead to IMPACT. An attacker can EXPLOIT_ACTION to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-jx4q-93vj-qqgp",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-21832"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1295"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JX53-J6XC-P3R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:51 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:31
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in Das U-Boot through 2019.07. There is an unbounded memcpy with a failed length check at nfs_read_reply when calling store_block in the NFSv2 case.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14194"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-07-31T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Das U-Boot through 2019.07. There is an unbounded memcpy with a failed length check at nfs_read_reply when calling store_block in the NFSv2 case.",
"id": "GHSA-jx53-j6xc-p3r6",
"modified": "2026-05-12T12:31:26Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:51:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.semmle.com/uboot-rce-nfs-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-577017.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/u-boot/u-boot"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.