Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15321 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CQJ2-QWVQ-5GM9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:44
VLAI
Details
In iaxxx_core_sensor_change_state of iaxxx-module.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-175124074
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-10T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In iaxxx_core_sensor_change_state of iaxxx-module.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-175124074",
"id": "GHSA-cqj2-qwvq-5gm9",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-03-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CQJH-Q65M-5J4G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-07 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:33
VLAI
Details
Adobe Illustrator versions 26.0.2 (and earlier) and 25.4.5 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30642"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-07T14:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Illustrator versions 26.0.2 (and earlier) and 25.4.5 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-cqjh-q65m-5j4g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:33:17Z",
"published": "2023-09-07T15:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30642"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb22-26.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQMF-248P-X3MH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-28 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:24
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.6, macOS Big Sur 11.7.9, iOS 15.7.8 and iPadOS 15.7.8, macOS Monterey 12.6.8, tvOS 16.6, iOS 16.6 and iPadOS 16.6, macOS Ventura 13.5. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38604"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-28T05:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. This issue is fixed in watchOS 9.6, macOS Big Sur 11.7.9, iOS 15.7.8 and iPadOS 15.7.8, macOS Monterey 12.6.8, tvOS 16.6, iOS 16.6 and iPadOS 16.6, macOS Ventura 13.5. An app may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-cqmf-248p-x3mh",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:24:54Z",
"published": "2023-07-28T06:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213848"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213841"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213842"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213848"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQQ9-F2V9-9347
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-08 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:51
VLAI
Details
H3C GR-1200W MiniGRW1A0V100R006 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function version_set.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29696"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-08T15:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "H3C GR-1200W MiniGRW1A0V100R006 was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function version_set.",
"id": "GHSA-cqq9-f2v9-9347",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:51:09Z",
"published": "2023-05-08T15:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29696"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Stevenbaga/fengsha/blob/main/H3C/GR-1200W/aVersionSet.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQQM-5V99-78H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:13
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.3, iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5, watchOS 7.4, tvOS 14.5. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30664"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved bounds checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.3, iOS 14.5 and iPadOS 14.5, watchOS 7.4, tvOS 14.5. Processing a maliciously crafted file may lead to arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-cqqm-5v99-78h5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:13:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:13:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212317"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212324"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212325"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CQRR-XCM3-HJP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-15 06:30 – Updated: 2024-01-15 06:30
VLAI
Details
A vulnerability was found in Tenda W9 1.0.0.7(4456). It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function formOfflineSet of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument ssidIndex leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-250710 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
Severity
6.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-15T05:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Tenda W9 1.0.0.7(4456). It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function formOfflineSet of the component httpd. The manipulation of the argument ssidIndex leads to stack-based buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-250710 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-cqrr-xcm3-hjp6",
"modified": "2024-01-15T06:30:27Z",
"published": "2024-01-15T06:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jylsec/vuldb/blob/main/Tenda/W9/5/README.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.250710"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.250710"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQRV-QC24-3M2V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-03 06:30 – Updated: 2025-02-03 18:30
VLAI
Details
In DA, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege, if an attacker has physical access to the device, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09291146; Issue ID: MSV-2060.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20639"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-03T04:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In DA, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege, if an attacker has physical access to the device, with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS09291146; Issue ID: MSV-2060.",
"id": "GHSA-cqrv-qc24-3m2v",
"modified": "2025-02-03T18:30:41Z",
"published": "2025-02-03T06:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20639"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/February-2025"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQRW-65HP-HPV3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-21 19:01
VLAI
Details
jsonlint 1.0 is vulnerable to heap-buffer-overflow via /home/hjsz/jsonlint/src/lexer.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-42227"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "jsonlint 1.0 is vulnerable to heap-buffer-overflow via /home/hjsz/jsonlint/src/lexer.",
"id": "GHSA-cqrw-65hp-hpv3",
"modified": "2022-10-21T19:01:19Z",
"published": "2022-10-19T19:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-42227"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/p-ranav/jsonlint/issues/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yangfar/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2022-42227.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQV6-3PHM-HCWX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-10 18:50 – Updated: 2024-11-07 22:10
VLAI
Summary
Access to invalid memory during shape inference in `Cudnn*` ops
Details
Impact
The shape inference code for the Cudnn* operations in TensorFlow can be tricked into accessing invalid memory, via a heap buffer overflow:
import tensorflow as tf
@tf.function
def func():
return tf.raw_ops.CudnnRNNV3(
input=[0.1, 0.1],
input_h=[0.5],
input_c=[0.1, 0.1, 0.1],
params=[0.5, 0.5],
sequence_lengths=[-1, 0, 1])
func()
This occurs because the ranks of the input, input_h and input_c parameters are not validated, but code assumes they have certain values:
auto input_shape = c->input(0);
auto input_h_shape = c->input(1);
auto seq_length = c->Dim(input_shape, 0);
auto batch_size = c->Dim(input_shape, 1); // assumes rank >= 2
auto num_units = c->Dim(input_h_shape, 2); // assumes rank >= 3
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit af5fcebb37c8b5d71c237f4e59c6477015c78ce6.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.7.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.6.1, TensorFlow 2.5.2, and TensorFlow 2.4.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-41221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-11-08T22:02:26Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-05T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe [shape inference code](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/9ff27787893f76d6971dcd1552eb5270d254f31b/tensorflow/core/ops/cudnn_rnn_ops.cc) for the `Cudnn*` operations in TensorFlow can be tricked into accessing invalid memory, via a heap buffer overflow:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\n@tf.function\ndef func():\n return tf.raw_ops.CudnnRNNV3(\n input=[0.1, 0.1],\n input_h=[0.5],\n input_c=[0.1, 0.1, 0.1], \n params=[0.5, 0.5],\n sequence_lengths=[-1, 0, 1])\n \nfunc() \n```\n \nThis occurs because the ranks of the `input`, `input_h` and `input_c` parameters are not validated, but code assumes they have certain values:\n\n```cc\nauto input_shape = c-\u003einput(0);\nauto input_h_shape = c-\u003einput(1);\nauto seq_length = c-\u003eDim(input_shape, 0);\nauto batch_size = c-\u003eDim(input_shape, 1); // assumes rank \u003e= 2\nauto num_units = c-\u003eDim(input_h_shape, 2); // assumes rank \u003e= 3\n``` \n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [af5fcebb37c8b5d71c237f4e59c6477015c78ce6](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/af5fcebb37c8b5d71c237f4e59c6477015c78ce6).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.7.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.6.1, TensorFlow 2.5.2, and TensorFlow 2.4.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.",
"id": "GHSA-cqv6-3phm-hcwx",
"modified": "2024-11-07T22:10:37Z",
"published": "2021-11-10T18:50:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-cqv6-3phm-hcwx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/af5fcebb37c8b5d71c237f4e59c6477015c78ce6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-630.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-828.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-413.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Access to invalid memory during shape inference in `Cudnn*` ops"
}
GHSA-CQVH-8PGV-W877
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:15
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in faad2 through 2.10.0. A heap-buffer-overflow exists in the function stszin located in mp4read.c. It allows an attacker to cause Code Execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32272"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-09-20T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in faad2 through 2.10.0. A heap-buffer-overflow exists in the function stszin located in mp4read.c. It allows an attacker to cause Code Execution.",
"id": "GHSA-cqvh-8pgv-w877",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:15:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:15:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32272"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/knik0/faad2/issues/57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/knik0/faad2/commit/1b71a6ba963d131375f5e489b3b25e36f19f3f24"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5109"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.