Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15232 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GC37-36HV-JV75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 21:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 21:31
VLAI
Details
InDesign Desktop versions 20.4, 19.5.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54206"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T21:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "InDesign Desktop versions 20.4, 19.5.4 and earlier are affected by an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-gc37-36hv-jv75",
"modified": "2025-08-12T21:31:22Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T21:31:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/indesign/apsb25-79.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC3R-PJRV-F3XV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-13 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-20 18:31
VLAI
Details
In lwis_initialize_transaction_fences of lwis_fence.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
7.4 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32921"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-13T21:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In lwis_initialize_transaction_fences of lwis_fence.c, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-gc3r-pjrv-f3xv",
"modified": "2024-08-20T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-06-13T21:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32921"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2024-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC43-XMC2-2FJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-17 00:00
VLAI
Details
A stack overflow vulnerability exists in /goform/WifiMacFilterSet in Tenda W6 V1.0.0.9(4122) version, which can be exploited by attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via the index parameter.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35561"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-12T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A stack overflow vulnerability exists in /goform/WifiMacFilterSet in Tenda W6 V1.0.0.9(4122) version, which can be exploited by attackers to cause a denial of service (DoS) via the index parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-gc43-xmc2-2fjj",
"modified": "2022-08-17T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-08-13T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ilovekeer/IOT/tree/main/Tenda/W6/stackoverflow/WifiMacFilterSet"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC47-55JM-W6MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 15:30 – Updated: 2025-01-14 15:30
VLAI
Details
A out-of-bounds write in Fortinet FortiManager version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 allows attacker to escalation of privilege via specially crafted http requests.
Severity
7.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35273"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T14:15:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A out-of-bounds write in Fortinet FortiManager version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiAnalyzer version 7.4.0 through 7.4.2 allows attacker to escalation of privilege via specially crafted http requests.",
"id": "GHSA-gc47-55jm-w6mg",
"modified": "2025-01-14T15:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T15:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-24-106"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC5V-4MHP-VQP4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:03 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:03
VLAI
Details
A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the tdts.ko chrdev_ioctl_handle functionality of Trend Micro, Inc. Home Network Security 6.1.567. A specially crafted ioctl can lead to increased privileges. An attacker can issue an ioctl to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-32457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-26T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the tdts.ko chrdev_ioctl_handle functionality of Trend Micro, Inc. Home Network Security 6.1.567. A specially crafted ioctl can lead to increased privileges. An attacker can issue an ioctl to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gc5v-4mhp-vqp4",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:03:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:03:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-32457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpcenter.trendmicro.com/en-us/article/TMKA-10337"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1230"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2021-1230"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC62-2V5P-QPMP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-17 17:12 – Updated: 2026-03-18 21:51
VLAI
Summary
ImageMagick has a heap-buffer-overflow in NewXMLTree which could result in crash
Details
The NewXMLTree method contains a bug that could result in a crash due to an out of write bounds of a single zero byte.
Severity
5.3 (Medium)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-AnyCPU"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-AnyCPU"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-OpenMP-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-HDRI-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-OpenMP-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q16-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-AnyCPU"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-OpenMP-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-arm64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-x64"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "Magick.NET-Q8-x86"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "14.11.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32636"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-17T17:12:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-18T21:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The NewXMLTree method contains a bug that could result in a crash due to an out of write bounds of a single zero byte.",
"id": "GHSA-gc62-2v5p-qpmp",
"modified": "2026-03-18T21:51:12Z",
"published": "2026-03-17T17:12:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/security/advisories/GHSA-gc62-2v5p-qpmp"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32636"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/releases/tag/7.1.2-17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dlemstra/Magick.NET/releases/tag/14.11.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "ImageMagick has a heap-buffer-overflow in NewXMLTree which could result in crash"
}
GHSA-GC68-CC38-MRHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36
VLAI
Details
An out-of-bounds write vulnerability was found in netpbm before 10.61. A maliciously crafted file could cause the application to crash or possibly allow code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2581"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-27T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An out-of-bounds write vulnerability was found in netpbm before 10.61. A maliciously crafted file could cause the application to crash or possibly allow code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-gc68-cc38-mrhh",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2017-2581"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96710"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC6C-44MM-V3CJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-13 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-13 18:30
VLAI
Details
Illustrator versions 29.3, 28.7.5 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-13T18:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Illustrator versions 29.3, 28.7.5 and earlier are affected by a Heap-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability that could result in arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious file.",
"id": "GHSA-gc6c-44mm-v3cj",
"modified": "2025-05-13T18:30:58Z",
"published": "2025-05-13T18:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/illustrator/apsb25-43.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC99-65FQ-C7QG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:57
VLAI
Details
Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.375 and 19.x through 23.x before 23.0.0.162 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.635 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4274, CVE-2016-4275, CVE-2016-4276, CVE-2016-4280, CVE-2016-4281, CVE-2016-4282, CVE-2016-4283, CVE-2016-4284, CVE-2016-6922, and CVE-2016-6924.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-4285"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-09-14T18:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.375 and 19.x through 23.x before 23.0.0.162 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.635 on Linux allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2016-4274, CVE-2016-4275, CVE-2016-4276, CVE-2016-4280, CVE-2016-4281, CVE-2016-4282, CVE-2016-4283, CVE-2016-4284, CVE-2016-6922, and CVE-2016-6924.",
"id": "GHSA-gc99-65fq-c7qg",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:57:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:57:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4285"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-29.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201610-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2016-1865.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92930"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036791"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC9C-5CVM-JFHX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-01-09 09:30 – Updated: 2023-01-13 03:30
VLAI
Details
Information disclosure due to buffer over-read in Bluetooth HOST while processing GetFolderItems and GetItemAttribute Cmds from peer device.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33255"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-01-09T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Information disclosure due to buffer over-read in Bluetooth HOST while processing GetFolderItems and GetItemAttribute Cmds from peer device.",
"id": "GHSA-gc9c-5cvm-jfhx",
"modified": "2023-01-13T03:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-01-09T09:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33255"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/january-2023-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.