CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2176 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RGM2-GVMF-VQR7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-17 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-21 18:31A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the /bin/login functionality of Peplink Smart Reader v1.2.0 (in QEMU). A specially crafted command line argument can lead to a limited-shell escape and elevated capabilities. An attacker can authenticate with hard-coded credentials and execute unblocked default busybox functionality to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40146"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-17T13:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A privilege escalation vulnerability exists in the /bin/login functionality of Peplink Smart Reader v1.2.0 (in QEMU). A specially crafted command line argument can lead to a limited-shell escape and elevated capabilities. An attacker can authenticate with hard-coded credentials and execute unblocked default busybox functionality to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rgm2-gvmf-vqr7",
"modified": "2025-08-21T18:31:23Z",
"published": "2024-04-17T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://forum.peplink.com/t/peplink-security-advisory-smart-reader-firmware-1-2-0-cve-2023-43491-cve-2023-45209-cve-2023-39367-cve-2023-45744-cve-2023-40146/47256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240822-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1868"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1868"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RGP4-F9JJ-FJWC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-04 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-04 18:30D-Link DIR-600L Hardware Revision A1 (End-of-Life) contains a hardcoded telnet backdoor. The device starts a telnet daemon at boot via /bin/telnetd.sh with the username "Alphanetworks" and the static password "wrgn35_dlwbr_dir600l" read from /etc/alpha_config/image_sign. The custom telnetd binary accepts a -u user:password flag, and the custom login binary uses strcmp() to validate credentials. Successful authentication grants an unauthenticated attacker on the local network a root shell with full administrative control. The device has reached End-of-Life (EOL) and will not receive patches.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42375"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-04T17:16:25Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-600L Hardware Revision A1 (End-of-Life) contains a hardcoded telnet backdoor. The device starts a telnet daemon at boot via /bin/telnetd.sh with the username \"Alphanetworks\" and the static password \"wrgn35_dlwbr_dir600l\" read from /etc/alpha_config/image_sign. The custom telnetd binary accepts a -u user:password flag, and the custom login binary uses strcmp() to validate credentials. Successful authentication grants an unauthenticated attacker on the local network a root shell with full administrative control. The device has reached End-of-Life (EOL) and will not receive patches.",
"id": "GHSA-rgp4-f9jj-fjwc",
"modified": "2026-05-04T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-05-04T18:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.securin.io/zero-day/cve-2026-42375-hardcoded-telnet-backdoor-in-d-link-dir-600l-a1-end-of-life-"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RH4W-RQ5Q-C369
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-29 20:06 – Updated: 2022-09-02 00:01TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password for root at /etc/shadow.sample.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36613"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-29T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK N600R V4.3.0cu.7647_B20210106 was discovered to contain a hardcoded password for root at /etc/shadow.sample.",
"id": "GHSA-rh4w-rq5q-c369",
"modified": "2022-09-02T00:01:08Z",
"published": "2022-08-29T20:06:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/whiter6666/CVE/blob/main/TOTOLINK_N600R/hard_code.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RHFC-JM87-H52J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:53Hard coded accounts exist in Schneider Electric's Modicon Premium, Modicon Quantum, Modicon M340, and BMXNOR0200 controllers in all versions of the communication modules.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7241"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-18T20:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Hard coded accounts exist in Schneider Electric\u0027s Modicon Premium, Modicon Quantum, Modicon M340, and BMXNOR0200 controllers in all versions of the communication modules.",
"id": "GHSA-rhfc-jm87-h52j",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:53:08Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:53:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7241"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-086-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.schneider-electric.com/en/download/document/SEVD-2018-081-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103542"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ5G-89W5-W44J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:39 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:39Toshiba Home gateway HEM-GW16A 1.2.9 and earlier, Toshiba Home gateway HEM-GW26A 1.2.9 and earlier uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow an attacker on the same network segment to login to the administrators settings screen and change the configuration or execute arbitrary OS commands.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-16201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-01-09T23:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Toshiba Home gateway HEM-GW16A 1.2.9 and earlier, Toshiba Home gateway HEM-GW26A 1.2.9 and earlier uses hard-coded credentials, which may allow an attacker on the same network segment to login to the administrators settings screen and change the configuration or execute arbitrary OS commands.",
"id": "GHSA-rj5g-89w5-w44j",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:39:14Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:39:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-16201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN99810718/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.tlt.co.jp/tlt/information/seihin/notice/defect/20181219/20181219.htm"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ7F-VHQH-F6H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:24A hard-coded account named 'upgrade' in Fortinet FortiWLM 8.3.0 and lower versions allows a remote attacker to log-in and execute commands with 'upgrade' account privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-7336"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-22T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A hard-coded account named \u0027upgrade\u0027 in Fortinet FortiWLM 8.3.0 and lower versions allows a remote attacker to log-in and execute commands with \u0027upgrade\u0027 account privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-rj7f-vhqh-f6h9",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:24:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:24:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/advisory/FG-IR-17-115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99351"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJ7M-R6J3-M7M4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:48 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:48TRENDnet TEW-823DRU devices with firmware before 1.00b36 have a hardcoded password of kcodeskcodes for the root account, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via an FTP session.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-8579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-01-05T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TRENDnet TEW-823DRU devices with firmware before 1.00b36 have a hardcoded password of kcodeskcodes for the root account, which makes it easier for remote attackers to obtain access via an FTP session.",
"id": "GHSA-rj7m-r6j3-m7m4",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:48:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:48:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-8579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hackingcomtapioca.blogspot.com.br/2014/10/hacking-trendnet-tew-823dru.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJMC-8P4F-6F8P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-16 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-16 21:32The device has a webserver that exposes a REST API authenticated with a constant token. The unauthenticated API can be used by an attacker to get access to system settings, modify the configuration and execute some commands (e.g. system reboot).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22312"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-16T20:16:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The device has a webserver that exposes a REST API authenticated with a constant token. The unauthenticated API can be used by an attacker to get access to system settings, modify the configuration\nand execute some commands (e.g. system reboot).",
"id": "GHSA-rjmc-8p4f-6f8p",
"modified": "2026-06-16T21:32:01Z",
"published": "2026-06-16T21:32:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cvcn.gov.it/cvcn/cve/CVE-2026-22312"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RJP8-HM8P-5C9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-04 09:31 – Updated: 2026-03-17 18:30International Datacasting Corporation (IDC) SFX Series SuperFlex(SFX2100) SatelliteReceiver contains hardcoded and insecure credentials for the admin account. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use these undocumented credentials to access the satellite system directly via the Telnet service, leading to potential system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-29119"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-04T08:16:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "International Datacasting Corporation (IDC) SFX Series SuperFlex(SFX2100) SatelliteReceiver contains hardcoded and insecure credentials for the `admin` account. A remote unauthenticated attacker can use these undocumented credentials to access the satellite system directly via the Telnet service, leading to potential system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-rjp8-hm8p-5c9x",
"modified": "2026-03-17T18:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-03-04T09:31:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-29119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/sfx2100-vulns"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.abdulmhsblog.com/posts/spfx-vulnrabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RM98-77W2-P253
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-11 12:00 – Updated: 2022-10-13 19:00Dell Enterprise SONiC OS, 4.0.0, 4.0.1, contain a cryptographic key vulnerability in SSH. An unauthenticated remote attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to unauthorized access to communication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-34425"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-10T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell Enterprise SONiC OS, 4.0.0, 4.0.1, contain a cryptographic key vulnerability in SSH. An unauthenticated remote attacker could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to unauthorized access to communication.",
"id": "GHSA-rm98-77w2-p253",
"modified": "2022-10-13T19:00:20Z",
"published": "2022-10-11T12:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000203395/dsa-2022-257-dell-emc-enterprise-sonic-security-update-for-ssh-cryptographic-key-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.