CWE-798
Allowed-with-ReviewUse of Hard-coded Credentials
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product contains hard-coded credentials, such as a password or cryptographic key.
2175 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RQPW-QJW3-J3G6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 12:31 – Updated: 2025-08-13 12:31This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded private key stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve private key stored in the firmware of the targeted device.
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to perform unauthorized decryption of sensitive data and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on the targeted device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55279"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T12:15:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded private key stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve private key stored in the firmware of the targeted device.\n\nSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to perform unauthorized decryption of sensitive data and Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks on the targeted device.",
"id": "GHSA-rqpw-qjw3-j3g6",
"modified": "2025-08-13T12:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T12:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55279"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01\u0026VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR3V-GC7H-J55R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-12 00:01 – Updated: 2022-01-20 00:02The Realm Server component of TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO FTL - Community Edition, TIBCO FTL - Developer Edition, and TIBCO FTL - Enterprise Edition contains an easily exploitable vulnerability that allows authentication bypass due to a hard coded secret used in the default realm server of the affected system. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.'s TIBCO FTL - Community Edition: versions 6.7.2 and below, TIBCO FTL - Developer Edition: versions 6.7.2 and below, and TIBCO FTL - Enterprise Edition: versions 6.7.2 and below.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-11T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Realm Server component of TIBCO Software Inc.\u0027s TIBCO FTL - Community Edition, TIBCO FTL - Developer Edition, and TIBCO FTL - Enterprise Edition contains an easily exploitable vulnerability that allows authentication bypass due to a hard coded secret used in the default realm server of the affected system. Affected releases are TIBCO Software Inc.\u0027s TIBCO FTL - Community Edition: versions 6.7.2 and below, TIBCO FTL - Developer Edition: versions 6.7.2 and below, and TIBCO FTL - Enterprise Edition: versions 6.7.2 and below.",
"id": "GHSA-rr3v-gc7h-j55r",
"modified": "2022-01-20T00:02:41Z",
"published": "2022-01-12T00:01:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tibco.com/services/support/advisories"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tibco.com/support/advisories/2022/01/tibco-security-advisory-january-11-2022-tibco-ftl-2021-43052"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RR45-PQF5-HMRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:35 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:35A vulnerability in Cisco Digital Network Architecture (DNA) Center could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to log in to an affected system by using an administrative account that has default, static user credentials. The vulnerability is due to the presence of undocumented, static user credentials for the default administrative account for the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using the account to log in to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to log in to the affected system and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. This vulnerability affects all releases of Cisco DNA Center Software prior to Release 1.1.3. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvh98929.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0222"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-17T03:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Cisco Digital Network Architecture (DNA) Center could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to log in to an affected system by using an administrative account that has default, static user credentials. The vulnerability is due to the presence of undocumented, static user credentials for the default administrative account for the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using the account to log in to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to log in to the affected system and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges. This vulnerability affects all releases of Cisco DNA Center Software prior to Release 1.1.3. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvh98929.",
"id": "GHSA-rr45-pqf5-hmrg",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:35:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:35:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0222"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180516-dnac"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104193"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR4P-HPRW-PPWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:57Philips e-Alert Unit (non-medical device), Version R2.1 and prior. The software contains hard-coded cryptographic key, which it uses for encryption of internal data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8856"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-26T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Philips e-Alert Unit (non-medical device), Version R2.1 and prior. The software contains hard-coded cryptographic key, which it uses for encryption of internal data.",
"id": "GHSA-rr4p-hprw-ppwf",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:57:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:57:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8856"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-242-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usa.philips.com/healthcare/about/customer-support/product-security"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105194"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRJ3-J7PX-F5G5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-05 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-10 00:01On Schneider Electric ConneXium Tofino Firewall TCSEFEA23F3F22 before 03.23, TCSEFEA23F3F20/21, and Belden Tofino Xenon Security Appliance, an SSH login can succeed with hardcoded default credentials (if the device is in the uncommissioned state).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-30064"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-03T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "On Schneider Electric ConneXium Tofino Firewall TCSEFEA23F3F22 before 03.23, TCSEFEA23F3F20/21, and Belden Tofino Xenon Security Appliance, an SSH login can succeed with hardcoded default credentials (if the device is in the uncommissioned state).",
"id": "GHSA-rrj3-j7px-f5g5",
"modified": "2022-04-10T00:01:01Z",
"published": "2022-04-05T00:00:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30064"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://download.schneider-electric.com/files?p_Doc_Ref=SEVD-2022-011-05"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.belden.com/support/security-assurance"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRV8-42MR-G7PV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-01 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-06 00:01In totolink a3100r V5.9c.4577, the hard-coded telnet password can be discovered from official released firmware. An attacker, who has connected to the Wi-Fi, can easily telnet into the target with root shell if the telnet is function turned on.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-46008"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-30T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In totolink a3100r V5.9c.4577, the hard-coded telnet password can be discovered from official released firmware. An attacker, who has connected to the Wi-Fi, can easily telnet into the target with root shell if the telnet is function turned on.",
"id": "GHSA-rrv8-42mr-g7pv",
"modified": "2022-04-06T00:01:43Z",
"published": "2022-04-01T00:00:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-46008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackmd.io/ZkeEB-VvRiWBS53rFKG8DQ"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://a3100r.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://totolink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RV9G-J3R6-3PP9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-18 21:30 – Updated: 2023-09-22 18:30Hard-coded credentials in Juplink RX4-1500 versions V1.0.2 through V1.0.5 allow unauthenticated attackers to log in to the web interface or telnet service as the 'user' user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-41030"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-259",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-18T19:15:43Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Hard-coded credentials in\u00a0Juplink RX4-1500 versions V1.0.2 through V1.0.5\u00a0allow unauthenticated attackers to log in to the web interface or telnet service as the \u0027user\u0027 user.",
"id": "GHSA-rv9g-j3r6-3pp9",
"modified": "2023-09-22T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-09-18T21:30:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41030"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.exodusintel.com/2023/09/18/juplink-rx4-1500-hard-coded-credential-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RVH6-5433-QQ87
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-22 03:30 – Updated: 2022-11-26 03:30A flaw in the Zyxel LTE3301-M209 firmware verisons prior to V1.00(ABLG.6)C0 could allow a remote attacker to access the device using an improper pre-configured password if the remote administration feature has been enabled by an authenticated administrator.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40602"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-22T02:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A flaw in the Zyxel LTE3301-M209 firmware verisons prior to V1.00(ABLG.6)C0 could allow a remote attacker to access the device using an improper pre-configured password if the remote administration feature has been enabled by an authenticated administrator.",
"id": "GHSA-rvh6-5433-qq87",
"modified": "2022-11-26T03:30:26Z",
"published": "2022-11-22T03:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40602"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zyxel.com/global/en/support/security-advisories/zyxel-security-advisory-for-pre-configured-password-vulnerability-of-lte3301-m209"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RVR3-VJCX-2799
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 00:00 – Updated: 2022-05-24 00:00A hard-coded password vulnerability exists in the console infactory functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.37. A specially-crafted network request can lead to privileged operation execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27172"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-05-12T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A hard-coded password vulnerability exists in the console infactory functionality of InHand Networks InRouter302 V3.5.37. A specially-crafted network request can lead to privileged operation execution. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-rvr3-vjcx-2799",
"modified": "2022-05-24T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T00:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27172"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.inhandnetworks.com/upload/attachment/202205/10/InHand-PSA-2022-01.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RVWP-X3PV-C87J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:07 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:07CarbonFTP v1.4 uses insecure proprietary password encryption with a hard-coded weak encryption key. The key for local FTP server passwords is hard-coded in the binary.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-6857"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-21T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "CarbonFTP v1.4 uses insecure proprietary password encryption with a hard-coded weak encryption key. The key for local FTP server passwords is hard-coded in the binary.",
"id": "GHSA-rvwp-x3pv-c87j",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:07:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:07:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-6857"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://seclists.org/bugtraq/2020/Jan/30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://hyp3rlinx.altervista.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/156015/Neowise-CarbonFTP-1.4-Insecure-Proprietary-Password-Encryption.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/157321/Neowise-CarbonFTP-1.4-Insecure-Proprietary-Password-Encryption.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jan/29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2020/Jan/35"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- For outbound authentication: store passwords, keys, and other credentials outside of the code in a strongly-protected, encrypted configuration file or database that is protected from access by all outsiders, including other local users on the same system. Properly protect the key (CWE-320). If you cannot use encryption to protect the file, then make sure that the permissions are as restrictive as possible [REF-7].
- In Windows environments, the Encrypted File System (EFS) may provide some protection.
Mitigation
For inbound authentication: Rather than hard-code a default username and password, key, or other authentication credentials for first time logins, utilize a "first login" mode that requires the user to enter a unique strong password or key.
Mitigation
If the product must contain hard-coded credentials or they cannot be removed, perform access control checks and limit which entities can access the feature that requires the hard-coded credentials. For example, a feature might only be enabled through the system console instead of through a network connection.
Mitigation
- For inbound authentication using passwords: apply strong one-way hashes to passwords and store those hashes in a configuration file or database with appropriate access control. That way, theft of the file/database still requires the attacker to try to crack the password. When handling an incoming password during authentication, take the hash of the password and compare it to the saved hash.
- Use randomly assigned salts for each separate hash that is generated. This increases the amount of computation that an attacker needs to conduct a brute-force attack, possibly limiting the effectiveness of the rainbow table method.
Mitigation
- For front-end to back-end connections: Three solutions are possible, although none are complete.
- The first suggestion involves the use of generated passwords or keys that are changed automatically and must be entered at given time intervals by a system administrator. These passwords will be held in memory and only be valid for the time intervals.
- Next, the passwords or keys should be limited at the back end to only performing actions valid for the front end, as opposed to having full access.
- Finally, the messages sent should be tagged and checksummed with time sensitive values so as to prevent replay-style attacks.
CAPEC-191: Read Sensitive Constants Within an Executable
An adversary engages in activities to discover any sensitive constants present within the compiled code of an executable. These constants may include literal ASCII strings within the file itself, or possibly strings hard-coded into particular routines that can be revealed by code refactoring methods including static and dynamic analysis.
CAPEC-70: Try Common or Default Usernames and Passwords
An adversary may try certain common or default usernames and passwords to gain access into the system and perform unauthorized actions. An adversary may try an intelligent brute force using empty passwords, known vendor default credentials, as well as a dictionary of common usernames and passwords. Many vendor products come preconfigured with default (and thus well-known) usernames and passwords that should be deleted prior to usage in a production environment. It is a common mistake to forget to remove these default login credentials. Another problem is that users would pick very simple (common) passwords (e.g. "secret" or "password") that make it easier for the attacker to gain access to the system compared to using a brute force attack or even a dictionary attack using a full dictionary.