Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-79
AllowedImproper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
68589 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2024-28776 (GCVE-0-2024-28776)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-02-19 16:02 – Updated: 2025-08-15 14:38
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM Cognos Controller cross-site scripting
Summary
IBM Cognos Controller 11.0.0 through 11.0.1 FP3 and IBM Controller 11.1.0
is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2025-02-19 16:24 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7183597 | vendor-advisorypatch |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Cognos Controller |
Affected:
11.0.0 , ≤ 11.0.1
(semver)
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:controller:11.1.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cognos_controller:11.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:cognos_controller:11.0.1:fix_pack_3:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Controller |
Affected:
11.1.0
|
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CVE-2024-28775 (GCVE-0-2024-28775)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-01 12:55 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM WebSphere Automation cross-site scripting
Summary
IBM WebSphere Automation 1.7.0 is vulnerable to cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 285648.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-01 14:44 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7149856 | vendor-advisory |
| https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilit… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | WebSphere Automation |
Affected:
1.7.0
|
|
| ibm | websphere |
Affected:
1.7.0
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:websphere:*:*:*:*:lombardi:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-28772 (GCVE-0-2024-28772)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-07-25 17:18 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:56
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
IBM Security Directory Integrator cross-site scripting
Summary
IBM Security Directory Integrator 7.2.0 and IBM Security Verify Directory Integrator 10.0.0 is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. This vulnerability allows users to embed arbitrary JavaScript code in the Web UI thus altering the intended functionality potentially leading to credentials disclosure within a trusted session. IBM X-Force ID: 285645.
Severity
6.8 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-07-26 14:01 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7161448 | vendor-advisory |
| https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilit… | vdb-entry |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| IBM | Security Directory Integrator |
Affected:
7.2.0
cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_verify_directory:10.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:security_directory_integrator:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| IBM | Security Verify Directory Integrator |
Affected:
10.0.0
|
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CVE-2024-28237 (GCVE-0-2024-28237)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-18 21:17 – Updated: 2024-08-02 15:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
OctoPrint XSS via the "Snapshot Test" feature in Classic Webcam plugin settings
Summary
OctoPrint provides a web interface for controlling consumer 3D printers. OctoPrint versions up until and including 1.9.3 contain a vulnerability that allows malicious admins to configure or talk a victim with administrator rights into configuring a webcam snapshot URL which when tested through the "Test" button included in the web interface will execute JavaScript code in the victims browser when attempting to render the snapshot image. An attacker who successfully talked a victim with admin rights into performing a snapshot test with such a crafted URL could use this to retrieve or modify sensitive configuration settings, interrupt prints or otherwise interact with the OctoPrint instance in a malicious way. The vulnerability is patched in version 1.10.0rc3. OctoPrint administrators are strongly advised to thoroughly vet who has admin access to their installation and what settings they modify based on instructions by strangers.
Severity
4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-02 15:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/OctoPrint/OctoPrint/commit/779… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-28233 (GCVE-0-2024-28233)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-27 18:16 – Updated: 2024-08-15 14:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
XSS in JupyterHub via Self-XSS leveraged by Cookie Tossing
Summary
JupyterHub is an open source multi-user server for Jupyter notebooks. By tricking a user into visiting a malicious subdomain, the attacker can achieve an XSS directly affecting the former's session. More precisely, in the context of JupyterHub, this XSS could achieve full access to JupyterHub API and user's single-user server. The affected configurations are single-origin JupyterHub deployments and JupyterHub deployments with user-controlled applications running on subdomains or peer subdomains of either the Hub or a single-user server. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.1.0.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-08-15 14:36 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/security… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/jupyterhub/jupyterhub/commit/e… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| jupyterhub | jupyterhub |
Affected:
< 4.1.0
|
|
| jupyterhub | jupyterhub |
Affected:
0 , < 4.1.0
(custom)
cpe:2.3:a:jupyterhub:jupyterhub:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-28199 (GCVE-0-2024-28199)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-11 22:50 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cross-site Scripting (XSS) possible with maliciously formed HTML attribute names and values in Phlex
Summary
phlex is an open source framework for building object-oriented views in Ruby. There is a potential cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability that can be exploited via maliciously crafted user data. This was due to improper case-sensitivity in the code that was meant to prevent these attacks. If you render an `<a>` tag with an `href` attribute set to a user-provided link, that link could potentially execute JavaScript when clicked by another user. If you splat user-provided attributes when rendering any HTML tag, malicious event attributes could be included in the output, executing JavaScript when the events are triggered by another user. Patches are available on RubyGems for all 1.x minor versions. Users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should consider configuring a content security policy that does not allow `unsafe-inline`.
Severity
7.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-12 15:49 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/phlex-ruby/phlex/commit/aa50c6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| phlex-ruby | phlex |
Affected:
= 1.9.0
Affected: >= 1.8.0, < 1.8.2 Affected: = 1.7.0 Affected: >= 1.6.0, < 1.6.2 Affected: >= 1.5.0, < 1.5.2 Affected: = 1.4.0 Affected: >= 1.3.0, < 1.3.3 Affected: >= 1.2.0, < 1.2.2 Affected: = 1.1.0 Affected: < 1.0.1 |
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CVE-2024-28190 (GCVE-0-2024-28190)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-04-09 13:48 – Updated: 2024-08-02 00:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Contao core bundle vulnerable to cross site scripting in the file manager
Summary
Contao is an open source content management system. Starting in version 4.0.0 and prior to version 4.13.40 and 5.3.4, users can inject malicious code in filenames when uploading files (back end and front end), which is then executed in tooltips and popups in the back end. Contao versions 4.13.40 and 5.3.4 have a patch for this issue. As a workaround, remove upload fields from frontend forms and disable uploads for untrusted back end users.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-04-09 17:12 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/contao/contao/security/advisor… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/contao/contao/commit/878d28dbe… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/contao/contao/commit/b794e14ff… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://contao.org/en/security-advisories/cross-s… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
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CVE-2024-28175 (GCVE-0-2024-28175)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-03-13 20:48 – Updated: 2024-08-21 23:20
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cross-site scripting on application summary component in argo-cd
Summary
Argo CD is a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes. Due to the improper URL protocols filtering of links specified in the `link.argocd.argoproj.io` annotations in the application summary component, an attacker can achieve cross-site scripting with elevated permissions. All unpatched versions of Argo CD starting with v1.0.0 are vulnerable to a cross-site scripting (XSS) bug allowing a malicious user to inject a javascript: link in the UI. When clicked by a victim user, the script will execute with the victim's permissions (up to and including admin). This vulnerability allows an attacker to perform arbitrary actions on behalf of the victim via the API, such as creating, modifying, and deleting Kubernetes resources. A patch for this vulnerability has been released in Argo CD versions v2.10.3 v2.9.8, and v2.8.12. There are no completely-safe workarounds besides upgrading. The safest alternative, if upgrading is not possible, would be to create a Kubernetes admission controller to reject any resources with an annotation starting with link.argocd.argoproj.io or reject the resource if the value use an improper URL protocol. This validation will need to be applied in all clusters managed by ArgoCD.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-03-14 15:46 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/commit/479b55… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
2 products
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CVE-2024-28165 (GCVE-0-2024-28165)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-05-14 03:51 – Updated: 2025-12-16 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Cross site scripting vulnerability in SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform
Summary
SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence Platform is vulnerable to stored XSS allowing an attacker to manipulate a parameter in the Opendocument URL which could lead to high impact on Confidentiality and Integrity of the application
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-05-17 04:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation
Assigner
References
2 references
Impacted products
3 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| SAP_SE | SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform |
Affected:
430
Affected: 440 |
|
| sap | business_objects_business_intelligence_platform |
Affected:
430
cpe:2.3:a:sap:business_objects_business_intelligence_platform:430:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| sap | business_objects_business_intelligence_platform |
Affected:
440
cpe:2.3:a:sap:business_objects_business_intelligence_platform:440:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
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CVE-2024-28142 (GCVE-0-2024-28142)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2024-12-12 12:35 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:54
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Stored cross site scripting
Summary
Due to missing input sanitization, an attacker can perform cross-site-scripting attacks and run arbitrary Javascript in the browser of other users. The "File Name" page (/cgi/uset.cgi?-cfilename) in the User Settings menu improperly filters the "file name" and wildcard character input field. By exploiting the wildcard character feature, attackers are able to store arbitrary Javascript code which is being triggered if the page is viewed afterwards, e.g. by higher privileged users such as admins.
This attack can even be performed without being logged in because the affected functions are not fully protected. Without logging in, only the file name parameter of the "Default" User can be changed.
Severity
4.7 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2024-12-12 15:26 UTC
CWE
- CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or 'Cross-site Scripting')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://r.sec-consult.com/imageaccess | third-party-advisory |
| https://www.imageaccess.de/?page=SupportPortal&lang=en | patch |
| http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/2 |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Image Access GmbH | Scan2Net |
Affected:
0 , < 7.40
(custom)
|
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"description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation (XSS or \u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027)",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2024-12-12T12:35:15.731Z",
"orgId": "551230f0-3615-47bd-b7cc-93e92e730bbf",
"shortName": "SEC-VLab"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"third-party-advisory"
],
"url": "https://r.sec-consult.com/imageaccess"
},
{
"tags": [
"patch"
],
"url": "https://www.imageaccess.de/?page=SupportPortal\u0026lang=en"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "\u003cspan style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"\u003eThe vendor provides a firmware update to version 7.40 (or higher) which can be downloaded via the vendor\u0027s customer server portal.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e"
}
],
"value": "The vendor provides a firmware update to version 7.40 (or higher) which can be downloaded via the vendor\u0027s customer server portal."
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "Stored cross site scripting",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "551230f0-3615-47bd-b7cc-93e92e730bbf",
"assignerShortName": "SEC-VLab",
"cveId": "CVE-2024-28142",
"datePublished": "2024-12-12T12:35:15.731Z",
"dateReserved": "2024-03-05T09:15:40.202Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T21:54:26.598Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- Examples of libraries and frameworks that make it easier to generate properly encoded output include Microsoft's Anti-XSS library, the OWASP ESAPI Encoding module, and Apache Wicket.
Mitigation
Implementation
Architecture and Design
- Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages. Study all expected communication protocols and data representations to determine the required encoding strategies.
- For any data that will be output to another web page, especially any data that was received from external inputs, use the appropriate encoding on all non-alphanumeric characters.
- Parts of the same output document may require different encodings, which will vary depending on whether the output is in the:
- etc. Note that HTML Entity Encoding is only appropriate for the HTML body.
- Consult the XSS Prevention Cheat Sheet [REF-724] for more details on the types of encoding and escaping that are needed.
- HTML body
- Element attributes (such as src="XYZ")
- URIs
- JavaScript sections
- Cascading Style Sheets and style property
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-27
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Parameterization
If available, use structured mechanisms that automatically enforce the separation between data and code. These mechanisms may be able to provide the relevant quoting, encoding, and validation automatically, instead of relying on the developer to provide this capability at every point where output is generated.
Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation
Strategy: Output Encoding
- Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
- The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation
With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.
Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When dynamically constructing web pages, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set based on the expected value of the parameter in the request. All input should be validated and cleansed, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. It is common to see data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.
- Note that proper output encoding, escaping, and quoting is the most effective solution for preventing XSS, although input validation may provide some defense-in-depth. This is because it effectively limits what will appear in output. Input validation will not always prevent XSS, especially if you are required to support free-form text fields that could contain arbitrary characters. For example, in a chat application, the heart emoticon ("<3") would likely pass the validation step, since it is commonly used. However, it cannot be directly inserted into the web page because it contains the "<" character, which would need to be escaped or otherwise handled. In this case, stripping the "<" might reduce the risk of XSS, but it would produce incorrect behavior because the emoticon would not be recorded. This might seem to be a minor inconvenience, but it would be more important in a mathematical forum that wants to represent inequalities.
- Even if you make a mistake in your validation (such as forgetting one out of 100 input fields), appropriate encoding is still likely to protect you from injection-based attacks. As long as it is not done in isolation, input validation is still a useful technique, since it may significantly reduce your attack surface, allow you to detect some attacks, and provide other security benefits that proper encoding does not address.
- Ensure that you perform input validation at well-defined interfaces within the application. This will help protect the application even if a component is reused or moved elsewhere.
Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-16
Operation
Implementation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-209: XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch
An adversary creates a file with scripting content but where the specified MIME type of the file is such that scripting is not expected. The adversary tricks the victim into accessing a URL that responds with the script file. Some browsers will detect that the specified MIME type of the file does not match the actual type of its content and will automatically switch to using an interpreter for the real content type. If the browser does not invoke script filters before doing this, the adversary's script may run on the target unsanitized, possibly revealing the victim's cookies or executing arbitrary script in their browser.
CAPEC-588: DOM-Based XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is inserted into the client-side HTML being parsed by a web browser. Content served by a vulnerable web application includes script code used to manipulate the Document Object Model (DOM). This script code either does not properly validate input, or does not perform proper output encoding, thus creating an opportunity for an adversary to inject a malicious script launch a XSS attack. A key distinction between other XSS attacks and DOM-based attacks is that in other XSS attacks, the malicious script runs when the vulnerable web page is initially loaded, while a DOM-based attack executes sometime after the page loads. Another distinction of DOM-based attacks is that in some cases, the malicious script is never sent to the vulnerable web server at all. An attack like this is guaranteed to bypass any server-side filtering attempts to protect users.
CAPEC-591: Reflected XSS
This type of attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is "reflected" off a vulnerable web application and then executed by a victim's browser. The process starts with an adversary delivering a malicious script to a victim and convincing the victim to send the script to the vulnerable web application.
CAPEC-592: Stored XSS
An adversary utilizes a form of Cross-site Scripting (XSS) where a malicious script is persistently "stored" within the data storage of a vulnerable web application as valid input.
CAPEC-63: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
An adversary embeds malicious scripts in content that will be served to web browsers. The goal of the attack is for the target software, the client-side browser, to execute the script with the users' privilege level. An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute code and scripts. Web browsers, for example, have some simple security controls in place, but if a remote attacker is allowed to execute scripts (through injecting them in to user-generated content like bulletin boards) then these controls may be bypassed. Further, these attacks are very difficult for an end user to detect.
CAPEC-85: AJAX Footprinting
This attack utilizes the frequent client-server roundtrips in Ajax conversation to scan a system. While Ajax does not open up new vulnerabilities per se, it does optimize them from an attacker point of view. A common first step for an attacker is to footprint the target environment to understand what attacks will work. Since footprinting relies on enumeration, the conversational pattern of rapid, multiple requests and responses that are typical in Ajax applications enable an attacker to look for many vulnerabilities, well-known ports, network locations and so on. The knowledge gained through Ajax fingerprinting can be used to support other attacks, such as XSS.