Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-80

Allowed

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS)

Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product receives input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special characters such as "<", ">", and "&" that could be interpreted as web-scripting elements when they are sent to a downstream component that processes web pages.

936 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-5P4X-FJ73-85H8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-30 15:30 – Updated: 2025-06-30 15:30
VLAI
Details

IBM Cloud Pak System 2.3.3.6, 2.3.36 iFix1, 2.3.3.7, 2.3.3.7 iFix1, 2.3.4.0, 2.3.4.1, and 2.3.4.1 iFix1 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remote attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim's Web browser within the security context of the hosting site.

Severity
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-2895"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-30T15:15:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IBM Cloud Pak System 2.3.3.6, 2.3.36 iFix1, 2.3.3.7, 2.3.3.7 iFix1, 2.3.4.0, 2.3.4.1, and 2.3.4.1 iFix1 is vulnerable to HTML injection. A remote attacker could inject malicious HTML code, which when viewed, would be executed in the victim\u0027s Web browser within the security context of the hosting site.",
  "id": "GHSA-5p4x-fj73-85h8",
  "modified": "2025-06-30T15:30:38Z",
  "published": "2025-06-30T15:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2895"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7237164"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5QFH-QXWG-GPXG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-07 15:30 – Updated: 2026-05-18 15:30
VLAI
Details

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in UBIT Information Technologies Student Information Management System.This issue affects Student Information Management System: before 20211126.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-44197"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in UBIT Information Technologies Student Information Management System.This issue affects Student Information Management System: before 20211126.",
  "id": "GHSA-5qfh-qxwg-gpxg",
  "modified": "2026-05-18T15:30:31Z",
  "published": "2023-03-07T15:30:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44197"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimleri/detay/tr-23-0131"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.usom.gov.tr/bildirim/tr-23-0131"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-5VP3-3CG6-2RQ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-24 19:22 – Updated: 2026-03-24 19:22
VLAI
Summary
JustHTML is vulnerable to XSS via code fence breakout in <pre> content
Details

Summary

to_markdown() is vulnerable when serializing attacker-controlled <pre> content. The <pre> handler emits a fixed three-backtick fenced code block, but writes decoded text content into that fence without choosing a delimiter longer than any backtick run inside the content.

An attacker can place backticks and HTML-like text inside a sanitized <pre> element so that the generated Markdown closes the fence early and leaves raw HTML outside the code block. When that Markdown is rendered by a CommonMark/GFM-style renderer that allows raw HTML, the HTML executes.

This is a bypass of the v1.12.0 Markdown hardening. That fix escaped HTML-significant characters for regular text nodes, but <pre> uses a separate serialization path and does not apply the same protection.

Details

The vulnerable <pre> Markdown path:

  • extracts decoded text from the <pre> subtree
  • opens a fenced block with a fixed delimiter of ``````
  • writes the decoded text directly into the output
  • closes with another fixed ``````

Because the fence length is fixed, attacker-controlled content containing a backtick run of length 3 or more can terminate the code block. If the content also contains decoded HTML-like text such as &lt;img ...&gt;, that text appears outside the fence in the resulting Markdown and is treated as raw HTML by downstream Markdown renderers.

The issue is not that HTML-like text appears inside code blocks. The issue is that the serializer allows attacker-controlled <pre> text to break out of the fixed fence.

Reproduction

from justhtml import JustHTML

payload = "<pre>&#96;&#96;&#96;\n&lt;img src=x onerror=alert(1)&gt;</pre>"
doc = JustHTML(payload, fragment=True)  # default sanitize=True

print(doc.to_html(pretty=False))
# <pre>```
# &lt;img src=x onerror=alert(1)&gt;</pre>

print(doc.to_markdown())
# ```
# ```
# <img src=x onerror=alert(1)>
# ```

Rendered as CommonMark/GFM-style Markdown, that output is interpreted as:

  1. Line 1 opens a fenced code block
  2. Line 2 closes it
  3. Line 3 is raw HTML outside the fence
  4. Line 4 opens a new fence

Impact

Applications that treat JustHTML(..., sanitize=True).to_markdown() output as safe for direct rendering in Markdown contexts may be exposed to XSS, depending on the downstream Markdown renderer's raw-HTML handling.

Root Cause

The <pre> Markdown serializer uses a fixed fence instead of selecting a delimiter longer than the longest backtick run in the content.

Fix

When serializing <pre> content to Markdown, choose a fence length longer than any backtick run present in the code block content, with a minimum length of 3.

Severity
7.1 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.12.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "justhtml"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.13.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-24T19:22:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\n`to_markdown()` is vulnerable when serializing attacker-controlled `\u003cpre\u003e` content. The `\u003cpre\u003e` handler emits a fixed three-backtick fenced code block, but writes decoded text content into that fence without choosing a delimiter longer than any backtick run inside the content.\n\nAn attacker can place backticks and HTML-like text inside a sanitized `\u003cpre\u003e` element so that the generated Markdown closes the fence early and leaves raw HTML outside the code block. When that Markdown is rendered by a CommonMark/GFM-style renderer that allows raw HTML, the HTML executes.\n\nThis is a bypass of the v1.12.0 Markdown hardening. That fix escaped HTML-significant characters for regular text nodes, but `\u003cpre\u003e` uses a separate serialization path and does not apply the same protection.\n\n## Details\n\nThe vulnerable `\u003cpre\u003e` Markdown path:\n\n- extracts decoded text from the `\u003cpre\u003e` subtree\n- opens a fenced block with a fixed delimiter of ``````\n- writes the decoded text directly into the output\n- closes with another fixed ``````\n\nBecause the fence length is fixed, attacker-controlled content containing a backtick run of length 3 or more can terminate the code block. If the content also contains decoded HTML-like text such as `\u0026lt;img ...\u0026gt;`, that text appears outside the fence in the resulting Markdown and is treated as raw HTML by downstream Markdown renderers.\n\nThe issue is not that HTML-like text appears inside code blocks. The issue is that the serializer allows attacker-controlled `\u003cpre\u003e` text to break out of the fixed fence.\n\n## Reproduction\n\n```python\nfrom justhtml import JustHTML\n\npayload = \"\u003cpre\u003e\u0026#96;\u0026#96;\u0026#96;\\n\u0026lt;img src=x onerror=alert(1)\u0026gt;\u003c/pre\u003e\"\ndoc = JustHTML(payload, fragment=True)  # default sanitize=True\n\nprint(doc.to_html(pretty=False))\n# \u003cpre\u003e```\n# \u0026lt;img src=x onerror=alert(1)\u0026gt;\u003c/pre\u003e\n\nprint(doc.to_markdown())\n# ```\n# ```\n# \u003cimg src=x onerror=alert(1)\u003e\n# ```\n\n```\n\nRendered as CommonMark/GFM-style Markdown, that output is interpreted as:\n\n1. Line 1 opens a fenced code block\n2. Line 2 closes it\n3. Line 3 is raw HTML outside the fence\n4. Line 4 opens a new fence\n\n## Impact\n\nApplications that treat `JustHTML(..., sanitize=True).to_markdown()` output as safe for direct rendering in Markdown contexts may be exposed to XSS, depending on the downstream Markdown renderer\u0027s raw-HTML handling.\n\n## Root Cause\n\nThe `\u003cpre\u003e` Markdown serializer uses a fixed fence instead of selecting a delimiter longer than the longest backtick run in the content.\n\n## Fix\n\nWhen serializing `\u003cpre\u003e` content to Markdown, choose a fence length longer than any backtick run present in the code block content, with a minimum length of 3.",
  "id": "GHSA-5vp3-3cg6-2rq3",
  "modified": "2026-03-24T19:22:21Z",
  "published": "2026-03-24T19:22:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml/security/advisories/GHSA-5vp3-3cg6-2rq3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml/commit/f35f8f723c713bd8f912d86e9ec6881275ff5af9"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/EmilStenstrom/justhtml/releases/tag/v1.13.0"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JustHTML is vulnerable to XSS via code fence breakout in \u003cpre\u003e content"
}

GHSA-5W7W-X467-8495

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-13 03:30 – Updated: 2024-11-13 03:30
VLAI
Details

The WP-Strava plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via admin settings in all versions up to, and including, 2.12.1 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level permissions and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This only affects multi-site installations and installations where unfiltered_html has been disabled.

Severity
6.1 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-10038"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-13T02:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The WP-Strava plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via admin settings in all versions up to, and including, 2.12.1 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level permissions and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page. This only affects multi-site installations and installations where unfiltered_html has been disabled.",
  "id": "GHSA-5w7w-x467-8495",
  "modified": "2024-11-13T03:30:45Z",
  "published": "2024-11-13T03:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10038"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cmanon/wp-strava/blob/5b9499dab0eeada3887e5b64cf471e7978147154/src/WPStrava/Auth.php#L92-L93"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9f200526-890c-4a2a-9d8e-334443ef7e0b?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-62R2-GCXR-426X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-30 17:48 – Updated: 2024-09-30 20:11
VLAI
Summary
starcitizentools/citizen-skin vulnerable to stored, self-XSS in the "real name" field
Details

Summary

A user with the editmyprivateinfo right or who can otherwise change their name can XSS themselves by setting their "real name" to an XSS payload.

Details

Here's the offending line: https://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen/blob/d45c3d69f30863f622f16eb40dd41d3ca943454a/includes/Components/CitizenComponentUserInfo.php#L137

This was introduced in 717d16af35b10dab04d434aefddbf991fc8c168c

PoC

  1. Login
  2. Go to Special:Preferences
  3. Set the real name field to a string like <script>alert("Admin with a propensity for self-XSSes")</script>
  4. Save your settings and use Citizen if it's not being used already

Impact

Any user who can change their name (whether it's through the editmyprivateinfo right or through other means) can add XSS payloads that trigger for themselves only.

Severity
4.6 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "starcitizentools/citizen-skin"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.6.3"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.31.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47536"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-09-30T17:48:33Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-09-30T17:15:04Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nA user with the `editmyprivateinfo` right or who can otherwise change their name can XSS themselves by setting their \"real name\" to an XSS payload.\n\n### Details\nHere\u0027s the offending line:\nhttps://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen/blob/d45c3d69f30863f622f16eb40dd41d3ca943454a/includes/Components/CitizenComponentUserInfo.php#L137\n\nThis was introduced in 717d16af35b10dab04d434aefddbf991fc8c168c\n\n### PoC\n1. Login\n2. Go to Special:Preferences\n3. Set the real name field to a string like `\u003cscript\u003ealert(\"Admin with a propensity for self-XSSes\")\u003c/script\u003e`\n4. Save your settings and use Citizen if it\u0027s not being used already\n\n![](https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/22adbb70-fcd7-4f81-8e53-1f5f3a730270)\n\n### Impact\nAny user who can change their name (whether it\u0027s through the editmyprivateinfo right or through other means) can add XSS payloads that trigger for themselves only. ",
  "id": "GHSA-62r2-gcxr-426x",
  "modified": "2024-09-30T20:11:49Z",
  "published": "2024-09-30T17:48:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen/security/advisories/GHSA-62r2-gcxr-426x"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47536"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen/commit/717d16af35b10dab04d434aefddbf991fc8c168c"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen/commit/86da3e07718c8d8da6f4310386fef85599606f9b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/StarCitizenTools/mediawiki-skins-Citizen/blob/d45c3d69f30863f622f16eb40dd41d3ca943454a/includes/Components/CitizenComponentUserInfo.php#L137"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": " starcitizentools/citizen-skin vulnerable to stored, self-XSS in the \"real name\" field"
}

GHSA-62RH-Q3WQ-2PXP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 12:31 – Updated: 2024-06-04 12:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in pluginever WP Content Pilot – Autoblogging & Affiliate Marketing Plugin allows Code Injection.This issue affects WP Content Pilot – Autoblogging & Affiliate Marketing Plugin: from n/a through 1.3.3.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-45053"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-04T10:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in pluginever WP Content Pilot \u2013 Autoblogging \u0026 Affiliate Marketing Plugin allows Code Injection.This issue affects WP Content Pilot \u2013 Autoblogging \u0026 Affiliate Marketing Plugin: from n/a through 1.3.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-62rh-q3wq-2pxp",
  "modified": "2024-06-04T12:31:03Z",
  "published": "2024-06-04T12:31:03Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45053"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/wp-content-pilot/wordpress-wp-content-pilot-autoblogging-affiliate-marketing-plugin-plugin-1-3-3-html-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-636J-9GRP-54FW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-04 00:30 – Updated: 2024-06-04 00:30
VLAI
Details

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Brainstorm Force Spectra allows Code Injection.This issue affects Spectra: from n/a through 2.3.0.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-23735"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-79",
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-03T22:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in Brainstorm Force Spectra allows Code Injection.This issue affects Spectra: from n/a through 2.3.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-636j-9grp-54fw",
  "modified": "2024-06-04T00:30:47Z",
  "published": "2024-06-04T00:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23735"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ultimate-addons-for-gutenberg/wordpress-spectra-wordpress-gutenberg-blocks-plugin-2-3-0-unauthenticated-email-html-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-657P-G22X-9V25

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-22 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34
VLAI
Details

Thunderbird executed javascript: URLs when used in object and embed tags. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 141, Firefox ESR < 128.13, Firefox ESR < 140.1, Thunderbird < 141, Thunderbird < 128.13, and Thunderbird < 140.1.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8029"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-22T21:15:50Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Thunderbird executed `javascript:` URLs when used in `object` and `embed` tags. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 141, Firefox ESR \u003c 128.13, Firefox ESR \u003c 140.1, Thunderbird \u003c 141, Thunderbird \u003c 128.13, and Thunderbird \u003c 140.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-657p-g22x-9v25",
  "modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:10Z",
  "published": "2025-07-22T21:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8029"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1928021"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00016.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-56"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-58"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-59"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-61"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-62"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2025-63"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-65CV-R6X7-79HV

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-03-19 17:30 – Updated: 2023-02-03 20:47
VLAI
Summary
Cross site scripting vulnerability in ActionView
Details

There is a possible cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in ActionView's JavaScript literal escape helpers. Views that use the j or escape_javascript methods may be susceptible to XSS attacks.

Impact

There is a possible XSS vulnerability in the j and escape_javascript methods in ActionView. These methods are used for escaping JavaScript string literals. Impacted code will look something like this:

<script>let a = `<%= j unknown_input %>`</script>

or

<script>let a = `<%= escape_javascript unknown_input %>`</script>

Releases

The 6.0.2.2 and 5.2.4.2 releases are available at the normal locations.

Workarounds

For those that can't upgrade, the following monkey patch may be used:

ActionView::Helpers::JavaScriptHelper::JS_ESCAPE_MAP.merge!(
  {
    "`" => "\\`",
    "$" => "\\$"
  }
)

module ActionView::Helpers::JavaScriptHelper
  alias :old_ej :escape_javascript
  alias :old_j :j

  def escape_javascript(javascript)
    javascript = javascript.to_s
    if javascript.empty?
      result = ""
    else
      result = javascript.gsub(/(\\|<\/|\r\n|\342\200\250|\342\200\251|[\n\r"']|[`]|[$])/u, JS_ESCAPE_MAP)
    end
    javascript.html_safe? ? result.html_safe : result
  end

  alias :j :escape_javascript
end

Patches

To aid users who aren't able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for the two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a single changeset.

Please note that only the 5.2 and 6.0 series are supported at present. Users of earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we cannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported releases.

Credits

Thanks to Jesse Campos from Chef Secure

Severity
4.8 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.2.4.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "actionview"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "5.2.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 6.0.2.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "actionview"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "6.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.0.2.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-5267"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2020-03-19T17:29:40Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-03-19T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "There is a possible cross site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in ActionView\u0027s JavaScript literal escape helpers.  Views that use the `j` or `escape_javascript` methods may be susceptible to XSS attacks.\n\n### Impact\n\nThere is a possible XSS vulnerability in the `j` and `escape_javascript` methods in ActionView.  These methods are used for escaping JavaScript string literals.  Impacted code will look something like this:\n\n```erb\n\u003cscript\u003elet a = `\u003c%= j unknown_input %\u003e`\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n\nor\n\n```erb\n\u003cscript\u003elet a = `\u003c%= escape_javascript unknown_input %\u003e`\u003c/script\u003e\n```\n\n### Releases\n\nThe 6.0.2.2 and 5.2.4.2 releases are available at the normal locations.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor those that can\u0027t upgrade, the following monkey patch may be used:\n\n```ruby\nActionView::Helpers::JavaScriptHelper::JS_ESCAPE_MAP.merge!(\n  {\n    \"`\" =\u003e \"\\\\`\",\n    \"$\" =\u003e \"\\\\$\"\n  }\n)\n\nmodule ActionView::Helpers::JavaScriptHelper\n  alias :old_ej :escape_javascript\n  alias :old_j :j\n\n  def escape_javascript(javascript)\n    javascript = javascript.to_s\n    if javascript.empty?\n      result = \"\"\n    else\n      result = javascript.gsub(/(\\\\|\u003c\\/|\\r\\n|\\342\\200\\250|\\342\\200\\251|[\\n\\r\"\u0027]|[`]|[$])/u, JS_ESCAPE_MAP)\n    end\n    javascript.html_safe? ? result.html_safe : result\n  end\n\n  alias :j :escape_javascript\nend\n```\n\n### Patches\n\nTo aid users who aren\u0027t able to upgrade immediately we have provided patches for\nthe two supported release series. They are in git-am format and consist of a\nsingle changeset.\n\n* [5-2-js-helper-xss.patch](https://gist.github.com/tenderlove/c042ff49f0347c37e99183a6502accc6#file-5-2-js-helper-xss-patch) - Patch for 5.2 series\n* [6-0-js-helper-xss.patch](https://gist.github.com/tenderlove/c042ff49f0347c37e99183a6502accc6#file-6-0-js-helper-xss-patch) - Patch for 6.0 series\n\nPlease note that only the 5.2 and 6.0 series are supported at present. Users\nof earlier unsupported releases are advised to upgrade as soon as possible as we\ncannot guarantee the continued availability of security fixes for unsupported\nreleases.\n\n### Credits\n\nThanks to Jesse Campos from Chef Secure",
  "id": "GHSA-65cv-r6x7-79hv",
  "modified": "2023-02-03T20:47:05Z",
  "published": "2020-03-19T17:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisories/GHSA-65cv-r6x7-79hv"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5267"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/033a738817abd6e446e1b320cb7d1a5c15224e9a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/actionview/CVE-2020-5267.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rubyonrails-security/55reWMM_Pg8"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/03/msg00022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XJ7NUWXAEVRQCROIIBV4C6WXO6IR3KSB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-05/msg00019.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/03/19/1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Cross site scripting vulnerability in ActionView"
}

GHSA-65JG-J4JJ-9WFR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-08 09:31 – Updated: 2026-04-09 21:31
VLAI
Details

Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in kutethemes TechOne techone allows Code Injection.This issue affects TechOne: from n/a through <= 3.0.3.

Severity
5.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-39625"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-80"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T09:16:32Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper Neutralization of Script-Related HTML Tags in a Web Page (Basic XSS) vulnerability in kutethemes TechOne techone allows Code Injection.This issue affects TechOne: from n/a through \u003c= 3.0.3.",
  "id": "GHSA-65jg-j4jj-9wfr",
  "modified": "2026-04-09T21:31:28Z",
  "published": "2026-04-08T09:31:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-39625"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/techone/vulnerability/wordpress-techone-theme-3-0-3-arbitrary-shortcode-execution-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation
Implementation

Carefully check each input parameter against a rigorous positive specification (allowlist) defining the specific characters and format allowed. All input should be neutralized, not just parameters that the user is supposed to specify, but all data in the request, including hidden fields, cookies, headers, the URL itself, and so forth. A common mistake that leads to continuing XSS vulnerabilities is to validate only fields that are expected to be redisplayed by the site. We often encounter data from the request that is reflected by the application server or the application that the development team did not anticipate. Also, a field that is not currently reflected may be used by a future developer. Therefore, validating ALL parts of the HTTP request is recommended.

Mitigation MIT-30.1
Implementation

Strategy: Output Encoding

  • Use and specify an output encoding that can be handled by the downstream component that is reading the output. Common encodings include ISO-8859-1, UTF-7, and UTF-8. When an encoding is not specified, a downstream component may choose a different encoding, either by assuming a default encoding or automatically inferring which encoding is being used, which can be erroneous. When the encodings are inconsistent, the downstream component might treat some character or byte sequences as special, even if they are not special in the original encoding. Attackers might then be able to exploit this discrepancy and conduct injection attacks; they even might be able to bypass protection mechanisms that assume the original encoding is also being used by the downstream component.
  • The problem of inconsistent output encodings often arises in web pages. If an encoding is not specified in an HTTP header, web browsers often guess about which encoding is being used. This can open up the browser to subtle XSS attacks.
Mitigation MIT-43
Implementation

With Struts, write all data from form beans with the bean's filter attribute set to true.

Mitigation MIT-31
Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

To help mitigate XSS attacks against the user's session cookie, set the session cookie to be HttpOnly. In browsers that support the HttpOnly feature (such as more recent versions of Internet Explorer and Firefox), this attribute can prevent the user's session cookie from being accessible to malicious client-side scripts that use document.cookie. This is not a complete solution, since HttpOnly is not supported by all browsers. More importantly, XmlHttpRequest and other powerful browser technologies provide read access to HTTP headers, including the Set-Cookie header in which the HttpOnly flag is set.

CAPEC-18: XSS Targeting Non-Script Elements

This attack is a form of Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) where malicious scripts are embedded in elements that are not expected to host scripts such as image tags (<img>), comments in XML documents (< !-CDATA->), etc. These tags may not be subject to the same input validation, output validation, and other content filtering and checking routines, so this can create an opportunity for an adversary to tunnel through the application's elements and launch a XSS attack through other elements. As with all remote attacks, it is important to differentiate the ability to launch an attack (such as probing an internal network for unpatched servers) and the ability of the remote adversary to collect and interpret the output of said attack.

CAPEC-193: PHP Remote File Inclusion

In this pattern the adversary is able to load and execute arbitrary code remotely available from the application. This is usually accomplished through an insecurely configured PHP runtime environment and an improperly sanitized "include" or "require" call, which the user can then control to point to any web-accessible file. This allows adversaries to hijack the targeted application and force it to execute their own instructions.

CAPEC-32: XSS Through HTTP Query Strings

An adversary embeds malicious script code in the parameters of an HTTP query string and convinces a victim to submit the HTTP request that contains the query string to a vulnerable web application. The web application then procedes to use the values parameters without properly validation them first and generates the HTML code that will be executed by the victim's browser.

CAPEC-86: XSS Through HTTP Headers

An adversary exploits web applications that generate web content, such as links in a HTML page, based on unvalidated or improperly validated data submitted by other actors. XSS in HTTP Headers attacks target the HTTP headers which are hidden from most users and may not be validated by web applications.

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