Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-829

Allowed

Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product imports, requires, or includes executable functionality (such as a library) from a source that is outside of the intended control sphere.

396 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3MVQ-5WH9-4R44

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 21:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:32
VLAI
Details

NVIDIA TensorRT-LLM for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause improper control of code generation. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, data tampering, and information disclosure.

Severity
6.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-24226"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T21:16:43Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "NVIDIA TensorRT-LLM for Linux contains a vulnerability where an attacker could cause improper control of code generation. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, data tampering, and information disclosure.",
  "id": "GHSA-3mvq-5wh9-4r44",
  "modified": "2026-07-14T21:32:21Z",
  "published": "2026-07-14T21:32:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-24226"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-24226"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3QPV-XF3V-MM45

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-02 21:00 – Updated: 2026-05-06 23:22
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: Workspace `.env` can override the bundled hooks root and load attacker hook code
Details

Summary

Workspace .env can override the bundled hooks root and load attacker hook code

Current Maintainer Triage

  • Status: open
  • Normalized severity: high
  • Assessment: v2026.3.28 still lets workspace .env override OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_HOOKS_DIR, which can replace trusted default-on bundled hooks from an untrusted workspace.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Latest published npm version: 2026.3.31
  • Vulnerable version range: <=2026.3.28
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.3.31
  • First stable tag containing the fix: v2026.3.31

Fix Commit(s)

  • 330a9f98cb29c79b1c16a2117e03d6276a0d6289 — 2026-03-31T19:25:12+09:00

OpenClaw thanks @nexrin for reporting.

Severity
7.8 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.5 (High)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.28"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.31"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41336"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-15",
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-02T21:00:16Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nWorkspace `.env` can override the bundled hooks root and load attacker hook code\n\n## Current Maintainer Triage\n- Status: open\n- Normalized severity: high\n- Assessment: v2026.3.28 still lets workspace .env override OPENCLAW_BUNDLED_HOOKS_DIR, which can replace trusted default-on bundled hooks from an untrusted workspace.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.3.31`\n- Vulnerable version range: `\u003c=2026.3.28`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.31`\n- First stable tag containing the fix: `v2026.3.31`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `330a9f98cb29c79b1c16a2117e03d6276a0d6289` \u2014 2026-03-31T19:25:12+09:00\n\nOpenClaw thanks @nexrin for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-3qpv-xf3v-mm45",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T23:22:25Z",
  "published": "2026-04-02T21:00:16Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-3qpv-xf3v-mm45"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41336"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/330a9f98cb29c79b1c16a2117e03d6276a0d6289"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.31"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arbitrary-hook-code-execution-via-openclaw-bundled-hooks-dir-environment-variable-override"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: Workspace `.env` can override the bundled hooks root and load attacker hook code"
}

GHSA-3R8C-RQQR-C7H4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:04 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:04
VLAI
Details

An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Annex Cloud Loyalty Experience Platform <2021.1.0.1 allows any authenticated attacker to modify any existing user, including users assigned to different environments and clients. It was fixed in v2021.1.0.2.

Severity
4.3 (Medium)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31927"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-06-10T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "An Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability in Annex Cloud Loyalty Experience Platform \u003c2021.1.0.1 allows any authenticated attacker to modify any existing user, including users assigned to different environments and clients. It was fixed in v2021.1.0.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-3r8c-rqqr-c7h4",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:04:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:04:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31927"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Accenture/AARO-Bugs/blob/master/AARO-CVE-List.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.annexcloud.com"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3RPH-74JP-P9FC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:37
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in Trend Micro Smart Protection Server (Standalone) versions 3.2 and below could allow an attacker to perform remote command execution via a local file inclusion on a vulnerable system.

Severity
8.1 (High)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-14095"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-19T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in Trend Micro Smart Protection Server (Standalone) versions 3.2 and below could allow an attacker to perform remote command execution via a local file inclusion on a vulnerable system.",
  "id": "GHSA-3rph-74jp-p9fc",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:37:38Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:37:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14095"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/solution/1118992"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.coresecurity.com/advisories/trend-micro-smart-protection-server-multiple-vulnerabilities"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/43388"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102275"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-42MX-VP8M-J7QH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-07 18:11 – Updated: 2026-05-06 23:25
VLAI
Summary
OpenClaw: OpenShell `mirror` mode can convert untrusted sandbox files into explicitly enabled workspace hooks and execute them on the host during gateway startup
Details

Summary

OpenShell mirror mode can convert untrusted sandbox files into explicitly enabled workspace hooks and execute them on the host during gateway startup

Current Maintainer Triage

  • Status: narrow
  • Normalized severity: medium
  • Assessment: Real on shipped <=2026.3.22 OpenShell mirror sync, but exploit needs mirror mode plus hooks enabled plus explicit hook opt-in plus restart, so high is overstated even though the direct fix shipped in v2026.3.28.

Affected Packages / Versions

  • Package: openclaw (npm)
  • Latest published npm version: 2026.3.31
  • Vulnerable version range: <=2026.3.24
  • Patched versions: >= 2026.3.28
  • First stable tag containing the fix: v2026.3.28

Fix Commit(s)

  • c02ee8a3a4cb390b23afdf21317aa8b2096854d1 — 2026-03-25T19:59:07Z

Release Process Note

  • The fix is already present in released version 2026.3.28.
  • This draft looks ready for final maintainer disposition or publication, not additional code-fix work.

Thanks @tdjackey for reporting.

Severity
7.3 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.4 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.24"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "openclaw"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2026.3.28"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41355"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-07T18:11:21Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\nOpenShell `mirror` mode can convert untrusted sandbox files into explicitly enabled workspace hooks and execute them on the host during gateway startup\n\n## Current Maintainer Triage\n- Status: narrow\n- Normalized severity: medium\n- Assessment: Real on shipped \u003c=2026.3.22 OpenShell mirror sync, but exploit needs mirror mode plus hooks enabled plus explicit hook opt-in plus restart, so high is overstated even though the direct fix shipped in v2026.3.28.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Latest published npm version: `2026.3.31`\n- Vulnerable version range: `\u003c=2026.3.24`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.3.28`\n- First stable tag containing the fix: `v2026.3.28`\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `c02ee8a3a4cb390b23afdf21317aa8b2096854d1` \u2014 2026-03-25T19:59:07Z\n\n## Release Process Note\n- The fix is already present in released version `2026.3.28`.\n- This draft looks ready for final maintainer disposition or publication, not additional code-fix work.\n\nThanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
  "id": "GHSA-42mx-vp8m-j7qh",
  "modified": "2026-05-06T23:25:20Z",
  "published": "2026-04-07T18:11:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-42mx-vp8m-j7qh"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41355"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/c02ee8a3a4cb390b23afdf21317aa8b2096854d1"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openshell-arbitrary-code-execution-via-mirror-mode-sandbox-file-conversion"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "OpenClaw: OpenShell `mirror` mode can convert untrusted sandbox files into explicitly enabled workspace hooks and execute them on the host during gateway startup"
}

GHSA-433H-WV4R-9P9X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-06 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-06 18:31
VLAI
Details

FIBARO System Home Center 5.021 contains a remote file inclusion vulnerability in the undocumented proxy API that allows attackers to include arbitrary client-side scripts. Attackers can exploit the 'url' GET parameter to inject malicious JavaScript and potentially hijack user sessions or manipulate page content.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
5.1 (Medium)
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-36905"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-06T16:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "FIBARO System Home Center 5.021 contains a remote file inclusion vulnerability in the undocumented proxy API that allows attackers to include arbitrary client-side scripts. Attackers can exploit the \u0027url\u0027 GET parameter to inject malicious JavaScript and potentially hijack user sessions or manipulate page content.",
  "id": "GHSA-433h-wv4r-9p9x",
  "modified": "2026-01-06T18:31:33Z",
  "published": "2026-01-06T18:31:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36905"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2020030140"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/178269"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetstorm.news/files/id/156869"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/48240"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.fibaro.com"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/fibaro-system-home-center-remote-file-inclusion-via-proxy-api"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2020-5563.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-44X3-2GC7-3W5M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-27 21:32 – Updated: 2024-06-27 21:32
VLAI
Details

An unauthenticated IEEE 802.15.4 'co-ordinator realignment' packet can be used to force Zigbee nodes to change their network identifier (pan ID), leading to a denial of service. This packet type is not useful in production and should be used only for PHY qualification.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-3043"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-27T19:15:14Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An unauthenticated IEEE 802.15.4 \u0027co-ordinator realignment\u0027 packet can be used to force Zigbee nodes to change their network identifier (pan ID), leading to a denial of service. This packet type is not useful in production and should be used only for PHY qualification.",
  "id": "GHSA-44x3-2gc7-3w5m",
  "modified": "2024-06-27T21:32:07Z",
  "published": "2024-06-27T21:32:07Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3043"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://community.silabs.com/069Vm000005UCH0IAO"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/SiliconLabs/gecko_sdk"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4G4C-8GQH-M4VM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-07-16 00:41 – Updated: 2023-08-29 14:11
VLAI
Summary
paranoid2 gem Code backdoor
Details

The paranoid2 gem 1.1.6 for Ruby, as distributed on RubyGems.org, included a code-execution backdoor inserted by a third party. The current version, without this backdoor, is 1.1.5.

Severity
9.8 (Critical)
CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "RubyGems",
        "name": "paranoid2"
      },
      "versions": [
        "1.1.6"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-13589"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2019-07-15T23:22:39Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-07-14T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The paranoid2 gem 1.1.6 for Ruby, as distributed on RubyGems.org, included a code-execution backdoor inserted by a third party. The current version, without this backdoor, is 1.1.5.",
  "id": "GHSA-4g4c-8gqh-m4vm",
  "modified": "2023-08-29T14:11:16Z",
  "published": "2019-07-16T00:41:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-13589"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubygems/rubygems.org/issues/2051"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/anjlab/paranoid2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/paranoid2/CVE-2019-13589.yml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://rubygems.org/gems/paranoid2/versions"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-RUBY-PARANOID2-451600"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/109281"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "paranoid2 gem Code backdoor"
}

GHSA-4M4M-M2PR-J3Q8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 06:30 – Updated: 2026-03-10 18:31
VLAI
Details

Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere vulnerability in WP Royal Royal Elementor Addons royal-elementor-addons allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Royal Elementor Addons: from n/a through <= 1.7.1049.

Severity
8.2 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
Show details on source website
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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28135"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T06:16:48Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Inclusion of Functionality from Untrusted Control Sphere vulnerability in WP Royal Royal Elementor Addons royal-elementor-addons allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Royal Elementor Addons: from n/a through \u003c= 1.7.1049.",
  "id": "GHSA-4m4m-m2pr-j3q8",
  "modified": "2026-03-10T18:31:14Z",
  "published": "2026-03-05T06:30:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28135"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/royal-elementor-addons/vulnerability/wordpress-royal-elementor-addons-plugin-1-7-1049-other-vulnerability-type-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4PQQ-WQ2G-6RCM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-28 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-05 00:00
VLAI
Details

Cuppa CMS v1.0 was discovered to contain a local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability via the component /templates/default/html/windows/right.php.

Severity
7.5 (High)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Show details on source website
To clipboard 

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-34121"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-829"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-27T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cuppa CMS v1.0 was discovered to contain a local file inclusion (LFI) vulnerability via the component /templates/default/html/windows/right.php.",
  "id": "GHSA-4pqq-wq2g-6rcm",
  "modified": "2022-08-05T00:00:29Z",
  "published": "2022-07-28T00:00:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-34121"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/CuppaCMS/CuppaCMS/issues/18"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/hansmach1ne/MyExploits/tree/main/LFI_in_CuppaCMS_templates"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-21.1
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

  • When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
  • For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-5.1
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
  • Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-34
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
  • This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-6
Architecture and Design Implementation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

  • Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
  • Many file inclusion problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, especially for cookies and URL components.
Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-175: Code Inclusion

An adversary exploits a weakness on the target to force arbitrary code to be retrieved locally or from a remote location and executed. This differs from code injection in that code injection involves the direct inclusion of code while code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.

CAPEC-201: Serialized Data External Linking

An adversary creates a serialized data file (e.g. XML, YAML, etc...) that contains an external data reference. Because serialized data parsers may not validate documents with external references, there may be no checks on the nature of the reference in the external data. This can allow an adversary to open arbitrary files or connections, which may further lead to the adversary gaining access to information on the system that they would normally be unable to obtain.

CAPEC-228: DTD Injection

An attacker injects malicious content into an application's DTD in an attempt to produce a negative technical impact. DTDs are used to describe how XML documents are processed. Certain malformed DTDs (for example, those with excessive entity expansion as described in CAPEC 197) can cause the XML parsers that process the DTDs to consume excessive resources resulting in resource depletion.

CAPEC-251: Local Code Inclusion

The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from the local machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-252: PHP Local File Inclusion

The attacker loads and executes an arbitrary local PHP file on a target machine. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of PHP files that have known vulnerabilities, to load PHP files that the attacker placed on the local machine during a prior attack, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-253: Remote Code Inclusion

The attacker forces an application to load arbitrary code files from a remote location. The attacker could use this to try to load old versions of library files that have known vulnerabilities, to load malicious files that the attacker placed on the remote machine, or to otherwise change the functionality of the targeted application in unexpected ways.

CAPEC-263: Force Use of Corrupted Files

This describes an attack where an application is forced to use a file that an attacker has corrupted. The result is often a denial of service caused by the application being unable to process the corrupted file, but other results, including the disabling of filters or access controls (if the application fails in an unsafe way rather than failing by locking down) or buffer overflows are possible.

CAPEC-538: Open-Source Library Manipulation

Adversaries implant malicious code in open source software (OSS) libraries to have it widely distributed, as OSS is commonly downloaded by developers and other users to incorporate into software development projects. The adversary can have a particular system in mind to target, or the implantation can be the first stage of follow-on attacks on many systems.

CAPEC-549: Local Execution of Code

An adversary installs and executes malicious code on the target system in an effort to achieve a negative technical impact. Examples include rootkits, ransomware, spyware, adware, and others.

CAPEC-640: Inclusion of Code in Existing Process

The adversary takes advantage of a bug in an application failing to verify the integrity of the running process to execute arbitrary code in the address space of a separate live process. The adversary could use running code in the context of another process to try to access process's memory, system/network resources, etc. The goal of this attack is to evade detection defenses and escalate privileges by masking the malicious code under an existing legitimate process. Examples of approaches include but not limited to: dynamic-link library (DLL) injection, portable executable injection, thread execution hijacking, ptrace system calls, VDSO hijacking, function hooking, reflective code loading, and more.

CAPEC-660: Root/Jailbreak Detection Evasion via Hooking

An adversary forces a non-restricted mobile application to load arbitrary code or code files, via Hooking, with the goal of evading Root/Jailbreak detection. Mobile device users often Root/Jailbreak their devices in order to gain administrative control over the mobile operating system and/or to install third-party mobile applications that are not provided by authorized application stores (e.g. Google Play Store and Apple App Store). Adversaries may further leverage these capabilities to escalate privileges or bypass access control on legitimate applications. Although many mobile applications check if a mobile device is Rooted/Jailbroken prior to authorized use of the application, adversaries may be able to "hook" code in order to circumvent these checks. Successfully evading Root/Jailbreak detection allows an adversary to execute administrative commands, obtain confidential data, impersonate legitimate users of the application, and more.

CAPEC-695: Repo Jacking

An adversary takes advantage of the redirect property of directly linked Version Control System (VCS) repositories to trick users into incorporating malicious code into their applications.

CAPEC-698: Install Malicious Extension

An adversary directly installs or tricks a user into installing a malicious extension into existing trusted software, with the goal of achieving a variety of negative technical impacts.

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