CWE-862
Allowed-with-ReviewMissing Authorization
Abstraction: Class · Status: Incomplete
The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.
14803 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-PW36-HXW6-V2X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-22 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36Missing Authorization vulnerability in ONTRAPORT PilotPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects PilotPress: from n/a through 2.0.35.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-22T19:16:06Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in ONTRAPORT PilotPress allows Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels. This issue affects PilotPress: from n/a through 2.0.35.",
"id": "GHSA-pw36-hxw6-v2x3",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:14Z",
"published": "2025-09-22T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/pilotpress/vulnerability/wordpress-pilotpress-plugin-2-0-35-broken-access-control-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PW4G-JCP5-63M9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-28 00:00 – Updated: 2023-10-27 20:19Jenkins rpmsign-plugin Plugin 0.5.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.
This allows attackers with Item/Read permission but without Item/Workspace or Item/Configure permission to check whether attacker-specified file patterns match workspace contents. A sequence of requests can be used to effectively list workspace contents.
rpmsign-plugin Plugin 0.5.1 requires Item/Workspace permission to validate patterns with workspace contents.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 0.5.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:rpmsign-plugin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36893"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-08-10T22:09:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-27T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins rpmsign-plugin Plugin 0.5.0 and earlier does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation.\n\nThis allows attackers with Item/Read permission but without Item/Workspace or Item/Configure permission to check whether attacker-specified file patterns match workspace contents. A sequence of requests can be used to effectively list workspace contents.\n\nrpmsign-plugin Plugin 0.5.1 requires Item/Workspace permission to validate patterns with workspace contents.",
"id": "GHSA-pw4g-jcp5-63m9",
"modified": "2023-10-27T20:19:17Z",
"published": "2022-07-28T00:00:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/rpmsign-plugin/commit/1b136cddf908138864cfe1c9c861114f5d263871"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-07-27/#SECURITY-2403"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/07/27/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins rpmsign-plugin does not perform a permission check in a method implementing form validation"
}
GHSA-PW5X-2MF9-3XC8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 19:39 – Updated: 2026-06-09 10:23A missing authorization check in MantisBT's file visibility function allows any authenticated user (REPORTER+) to download attachments on private bugnotes they should not be able to access, via the REST API endpoint GET /api/rest/issues/{id}/files and SOAP API mc_issue_attachment_get endpoint.
Impact
- REPORTER (access level 25) can view file attachments that were uploaded to private bugnotes by DEVELOPER/MANAGER/ADMIN users
- Private bugnotes are intended for internal developer discussion; their attachments (logs, screenshots, patches) should be equally protected
- The web UI is NOT affected — it filters through bugnote_get_all_visible_bugnotes() first
Patches
- 029d9d203d9e4ae96b3e59d552fa7395cc1e5071
Workarounds
None
Credits
Thanks to the following security researchers for independently discovering and responsibly reporting the issue. - Vishal Shukla - Tristan Madani (@TristanInSec) from Talence Security - Tang Cheuk Hei (@siunam321)
This advisory's contents was largely copied from Tristan's well-written report.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.28.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "mantisbt/mantisbt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.23.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.28.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-11T19:39:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T21:16:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A missing authorization check in MantisBT\u0027s file visibility function allows any authenticated user (REPORTER+) to download attachments on private bugnotes they should not be able to access, via the REST API endpoint GET /api/rest/issues/{id}/files and SOAP API mc_issue_attachment_get endpoint.\n\n### Impact\n- REPORTER (access level 25) can view file attachments that were uploaded to private bugnotes by DEVELOPER/MANAGER/ADMIN users\n- Private bugnotes are intended for internal developer discussion; their attachments (logs, screenshots, patches) should be equally protected\n- The web UI is NOT affected \u2014 it filters through bugnote_get_all_visible_bugnotes() first\n\n### Patches\n- 029d9d203d9e4ae96b3e59d552fa7395cc1e5071\n\n### Workarounds\nNone\n\n### Credits\nThanks to the following security researchers for independently discovering and responsibly reporting the issue.\n- Vishal Shukla \n- Tristan Madani (@TristanInSec) from Talence Security \n- Tang Cheuk Hei (@siunam321) \n\nThis advisory\u0027s contents was largely copied from Tristan\u0027s well-written report.",
"id": "GHSA-pw5x-2mf9-3xc8",
"modified": "2026-06-09T10:23:52Z",
"published": "2026-05-11T19:39:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/security/advisories/GHSA-pw5x-2mf9-3xc8"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt/commit/029d9d203d9e4ae96b3e59d552fa7395cc1e5071"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-xjmx-cprh-646r"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mantisbt/mantisbt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=27039"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=36985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mantisbt.org/bugs/view.php?id=37092"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "MantisBT has a Private Bugnote Attachment Content Leak via REST API"
}
GHSA-PW7C-2549-52JP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-19 21:35 – Updated: 2024-08-19 21:35Missing Authorization vulnerability in Jamie Bergen Plugin Notes Plus allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Plugin Notes Plus: from n/a through 1.2.7.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-43326"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-19T20:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Missing Authorization vulnerability in Jamie Bergen Plugin Notes Plus allows Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs.This issue affects Plugin Notes Plus: from n/a through 1.2.7.",
"id": "GHSA-pw7c-2549-52jp",
"modified": "2024-08-19T21:35:11Z",
"published": "2024-08-19T21:35:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-43326"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/plugin-notes-plus/wordpress-plugin-notes-plus-plugin-1-2-7-arbitrary-content-deletion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PW97-45HW-HHM3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-02 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The Advanced Post Block – Display Posts, Pages, or Custom Posts on Your Page plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the apbPosts() function hooked via an AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve all post data, including those that may be password protected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-0908"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-02T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Advanced Post Block \u2013 Display Posts, Pages, or Custom Posts on Your Page plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to a missing capability check on the apbPosts() function hooked via an AJAX action in all versions up to, and including, 1.13.1. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to retrieve all post data, including those that may be password protected.",
"id": "GHSA-pw97-45hw-hhm3",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:00Z",
"published": "2024-05-02T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0908"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advanced-post-block/trunk/plugin.php#L173"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3081482/advanced-post-block/trunk/plugin.php?old=3077963\u0026old_path=advanced-post-block%2Ftrunk%2Fplugin.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/8fb6c221-d885-42b5-977c-39e8608e3e31?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PW97-6V74-9W3P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-25 00:01 – Updated: 2024-04-25 20:40EC-CUBE 3.0.0 to 3.0.18-p3 and EC-CUBE 4.0.0 to 4.1.1 improperly handle HTTP Host header values, which may lead a remote unauthenticated attacker to direct the vulnerable version of EC-CUBE to send an Email with some forged reissue-password URL to EC-CUBE users.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "ec-cube/ec-cube"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.0.0"
},
{
"last_affected": "3.0.18-p3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.1.1"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "ec-cube/ec-cube"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25355"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-04-25T20:40:50Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-24T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "EC-CUBE 3.0.0 to 3.0.18-p3 and EC-CUBE 4.0.0 to 4.1.1 improperly handle HTTP Host header values, which may lead a remote unauthenticated attacker to direct the vulnerable version of EC-CUBE to send an Email with some forged reissue-password URL to EC-CUBE users.",
"id": "GHSA-pw97-6v74-9w3p",
"modified": "2024-04-25T20:40:50Z",
"published": "2022-02-25T00:01:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25355"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/EC-CUBE/ec-cube"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN53871926/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ec-cube.net/info/weakness/20220221"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "EC-CUBE improperly handles HTTP Host header values"
}
GHSA-PWF8-FHFW-QVGQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-07 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:38Several WordPress plugins developed by Cool Plugins are vulnerable to arbitrary plugin installation and activation that can lead to remote code execution by authenticated attackers with minimal permissions, such as a subscriber.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-4950"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-07T02:15:15Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Several WordPress plugins developed by Cool Plugins are vulnerable to arbitrary plugin installation and activation that can lead to remote code execution by authenticated attackers with minimal permissions, such as a subscriber.",
"id": "GHSA-pwf8-fhfw-qvgq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:38:52Z",
"published": "2023-06-07T03:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-4950"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.nintechnet.com/8-wordpress-plugins-fixed-high-severity-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2705076/cool-timeline/trunk/admin/timeline-addon-page/timeline-addon-page.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/f6f0fb78-ad6b-4a9e-ae1a-5793f3426379?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWFP-FM3H-8FRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-27 18:30 – Updated: 2023-04-01 03:30The Gallery Blocks with Lightbox WordPress plugin before 3.0.8 has an AJAX endpoint that can be accessed by any authenticated users, such as subscriber. The callback function allows numerous actions, the most serious one being reading and updating the WordPress options which could be used to enable registration with a default administrator user role.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-27T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Gallery Blocks with Lightbox WordPress plugin before 3.0.8 has an AJAX endpoint that can be accessed by any authenticated users, such as subscriber. The callback function allows numerous actions, the most serious one being reading and updating the WordPress options which could be used to enable registration with a default administrator user role.",
"id": "GHSA-pwfp-fm3h-8frv",
"modified": "2023-04-01T03:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-03-27T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/11703e49-c042-4eb6-9a5f-6e006e3725a0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWGC-G75R-HXQW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-11 00:02 – Updated: 2022-03-19 00:01SAP Financial Consolidation - version 10.1, does not perform necessary authorization checks for updating homepage messages, resulting for an unauthorized user to alter the maintenance system message.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26104"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-10T17:47:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SAP Financial Consolidation - version 10.1, does not perform necessary authorization checks for updating homepage messages, resulting for an unauthorized user to alter the maintenance system message.",
"id": "GHSA-pwgc-g75r-hxqw",
"modified": "2022-03-19T00:01:29Z",
"published": "2022-03-11T00:02:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://dam.sap.com/mac/embed/public/pdf/a/ucQrx6G.htm?rc=10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3144941"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PWHP-X5RW-QGJJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-05-27 00:31A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester eDoc Doctor Appointment System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/delete-session.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to missing authorization. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9603"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-26T22:16:44Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A security vulnerability has been detected in SourceCodester eDoc Doctor Appointment System 1.0. This affects an unknown part of the file /admin/delete-session.php. The manipulation of the argument ID leads to missing authorization. Remote exploitation of the attack is possible. The exploit has been disclosed publicly and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-pwhp-x5rw-qgjj",
"modified": "2026-05-27T00:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T00:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9603"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NARKHEDE-VAIBHAV/poc/blob/main/CVE-2026-9603-Missing-Authorization/Advisory.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NARKHEDE-VAIBHAV/poc/blob/main/CVE-2026-9603-Missing-Authorization/poc.sh"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/817935"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/365676/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the product into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully mapping roles with data and functionality. Use role-based access control (RBAC) [REF-229] to enforce the roles at the appropriate boundaries.
- Note that this approach may not protect against horizontal authorization, i.e., it will not protect a user from attacking others with the same role.
Mitigation
Ensure that access control checks are performed related to the business logic. These checks may be different than the access control checks that are applied to more generic resources such as files, connections, processes, memory, and database records. For example, a database may restrict access for medical records to a specific database user, but each record might only be intended to be accessible to the patient and the patient's doctor [REF-7].
Mitigation MIT-4.4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using authorization frameworks such as the JAAS Authorization Framework [REF-233] and the OWASP ESAPI Access Control feature [REF-45].
Mitigation
- For web applications, make sure that the access control mechanism is enforced correctly at the server side on every page. Users should not be able to access any unauthorized functionality or information by simply requesting direct access to that page.
- One way to do this is to ensure that all pages containing sensitive information are not cached, and that all such pages restrict access to requests that are accompanied by an active and authenticated session token associated with a user who has the required permissions to access that page.
Mitigation
Use the access control capabilities of your operating system and server environment and define your access control lists accordingly. Use a "default deny" policy when defining these ACLs.
CAPEC-665: Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws
An adversary leverages a firmware weakness within the Thunderbolt protocol, on a computing device to manipulate Thunderbolt controller firmware in order to exploit vulnerabilities in the implementation of authorization and verification schemes within Thunderbolt protection mechanisms. Upon gaining physical access to a target device, the adversary conducts high-level firmware manipulation of the victim Thunderbolt controller SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) flash, through the use of a SPI Programing device and an external Thunderbolt device, typically as the target device is booting up. If successful, this allows the adversary to modify memory, subvert authentication mechanisms, spoof identities and content, and extract data and memory from the target device. Currently 7 major vulnerabilities exist within Thunderbolt protocol with 9 attack vectors as noted in the Execution Flow.