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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-915

Allowed

Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes

Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete

The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies multiple attributes, properties, or fields that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control which attributes can be modified.

319 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-43MQ-6XMG-29VM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-11 18:30 – Updated: 2025-07-15 23:05
VLAI
Summary
Apache Struts file upload logic is flawed
Details

File upload logic is flawed vulnerability in Apache Struts. An attacker can manipulate file upload params to enable paths traversal and under some circumstances this can lead to uploading a malicious file which can be used to perform Remote Code Execution.

This issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.0.0 before 6.4.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 6.4.0 at least and migrate to the new file upload mechanism https://struts.apache.org/core-developers/file-upload. If you are not using an old file upload logic based on FileuploadInterceptor your application is safe.

You can find more details in  https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-067 .

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.apache.struts:struts2-core"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "6.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-53677"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-22",
      "CWE-434",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-12-11T22:02:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-11T16:15:14Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "File upload logic is flawed vulnerability in Apache Struts. An attacker can manipulate file upload params to enable paths traversal and under some circumstances this can lead to uploading a malicious file which can be used to perform Remote Code Execution.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Struts: from 2.0.0 before 6.4.0.\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 6.4.0 at least and migrate to the new file upload mechanism https://struts.apache.org/core-developers/file-upload. If you are not using an old file upload logic based on FileuploadInterceptor your application is safe.\n\nYou can find more details in\u00a0 https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-067 .",
  "id": "GHSA-43mq-6xmg-29vm",
  "modified": "2025-07-15T23:05:23Z",
  "published": "2024-12-11T18:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53677"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/1ecfbae46543a83e131404f8dcc84b3d0d554854"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/3ef9ade8902a63bb560892453eeca02bfddefc78"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/930fef7679d7247db9e460c146b1698a9d7ad1e4"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/WW/S2-067"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/apache/struts"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250103-0005"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://struts.apache.org/core-developers/file-upload"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.dynatrace.com/news/blog/the-anatomy-of-broken-apache-struts-2-a-technical-deep-dive-into-cve-2024-53677"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/S:N/AU:Y/R:A/V:C/RE:L/U:Red",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Apache Struts file upload logic is flawed"
}

GHSA-44VG-5WV2-H2HG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-13 20:56 – Updated: 2026-06-08 19:47
VLAI
Summary
SimpleEval: Objects (including modules) can leak dangerous modules through to direct access inside the sandbox
Details

Impact

If the objects passed in as names to SimpleEval have modules or other disallowed / dangerous objects available as attrs. Additionally, dangerous functions or modules could be accessed by passing them as callbacks to other safe functions to call.

Examples (found by @ByamB4):

Any module where non-underscore attribute chains reach os or sys: - os.path, pathlib, shutil, glob (direct .os / .sys attributes) - statistics (has .sys) - numpy (has .ctypeslib.os and .f2py.sys) - urllib.parse (has .warnings.sys)

Patches

The latest version 1.0.5 has this issue fixed.

Workarounds

Don't pass in objects or modules which have direct attributes to potentially dangerous items. Use a wrapper to wrap the potentially vulnerable items (See the ModuleWrapper in version 1.0.5)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "simpleeval"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-32640"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-13T20:56:26Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:19:40Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nIf the objects passed in as `names` to SimpleEval have modules or other disallowed / dangerous objects available as attrs.\nAdditionally, dangerous functions or modules could be accessed by passing them as callbacks to other safe functions to call.\n\nExamples (found by @ByamB4):\n\nAny module where non-underscore attribute chains reach os or sys:\n- os.path, pathlib, shutil, glob (direct .os / .sys attributes)\n- statistics (has .sys)\n- numpy (has .ctypeslib.os and .f2py.sys)\n- urllib.parse (has .warnings.sys)\n\n### Patches\nThe latest version 1.0.5 has this issue fixed.\n\n### Workarounds\nDon\u0027t pass in objects or modules which have direct attributes to potentially dangerous items.\nUse a wrapper to wrap the potentially vulnerable items (See the ModuleWrapper in version 1.0.5)",
  "id": "GHSA-44vg-5wv2-h2hg",
  "modified": "2026-06-08T19:47:08Z",
  "published": "2026-03-13T20:56:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/danthedeckie/simpleeval/security/advisories/GHSA-44vg-5wv2-h2hg"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32640"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/danthedeckie/simpleeval"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/danthedeckie/simpleeval/releases/tag/1.0.5"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/simpleeval/PYSEC-2026-132.yaml"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/04/msg00023.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "SimpleEval: Objects (including modules) can leak dangerous modules through to direct access inside the sandbox"
}

GHSA-48HH-VCM6-636V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-13 21:36 – Updated: 2026-08-13 21:36
VLAI
Details

Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (CWE-915) in the case management functionality of Elastic Security in Kibana can lead to unauthorized modification of case data by an authenticated user who has not been granted case editing privileges, via Manipulating User-Controlled Variables (CAPEC-77). Object attributes accepted by the case management API were not subject to the same authorization enforcement applied in the user interface, so a low-privileged user could alter case records they were only entitled to view.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-72655"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-13T20:17:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improperly Controlled Modification of Dynamically-Determined Object Attributes (CWE-915) in the case management functionality of Elastic Security in Kibana can lead to unauthorized modification of case data by an authenticated user who has not been granted case editing privileges, via Manipulating User-Controlled Variables (CAPEC-77). Object attributes accepted by the case management API were not subject to the same authorization enforcement applied in the user interface, so a low-privileged user could alter case records they were only entitled to view.",
  "id": "GHSA-48hh-vcm6-636v",
  "modified": "2026-08-13T21:36:08Z",
  "published": "2026-08-13T21:36:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-72655"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-19-20-9-4-5-security-update-esa-2026-110/389523"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-48M6-CH88-55MJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 21:44 – Updated: 2026-04-24 20:57
VLAI
Summary
Flowise: Improper Mass Assignment in Account Registration Enables Unauthorized Organization Association
Details

Summary

An improper mass assignment (JSON injection) vulnerability in the account registration endpoint of Flowise Cloud allows unauthenticated attackers to inject server-managed fields and nested objects during account creation. This enables client-controlled manipulation of ownership metadata, timestamps, organization association, and role mappings, breaking trust boundaries in a multi-tenant environment.

Details

The POST /api/v1/account/register endpoint is intended to accept a minimal payload to create a new user account (e.g., name, email, password). However, the backend fails to enforce a strict allowlist or DTO-based validation and instead blindly maps client-supplied JSON to internal domain models.

As a result, attackers can include additional nested objects and server-managed fields in the request body such as organization, organizationUser, workspace, workspaceUser, and metadata fields like createdBy, updatedBy, createdDate, and updatedDate. These fields are persisted as provided by the client rather than being generated or validated server-side.

This behavior demonstrates a trust boundary violation where authorization and ownership decisions that must be enforced by the server are effectively delegated to untrusted client input. In a multi-tenant SaaS context, this can lead to unauthorized organization association and role assignment during registration.

PoC

Send a standard registration request:

POST /api/v1/account/register HTTP/2
Host: cloud.flowiseai.com
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "user": {
    "name": "Test User",
    "email": "testuser@example.com",
    "credential": "StrongPassword123!"
  }
}

Observe the 201 Created response returning a newly created user and related objects (organization, workspace, roles).

Send a modified registration request that injects additional server-managed fields and nested objects:

POST /api/v1/account/register HTTP/2 Host: cloud.flowiseai.com Content-Type: application/json

{
  "user": {
    "name": "Injected User",
    "email": "injected@example.com",
    "credential": "StrongPassword123!",
    "createdBy": "<arbitrary-uuid>",
    "updatedBy": "<arbitrary-uuid>",
    "createdDate": "1999-12-27T13:10:47.666Z",
    "updatedDate": "1999-12-27T13:10:47.666Z"
  },
  "organization": {
    "id": "<existing-organization-uuid>",
    "name": "Injected Organization"
  },
  "organizationUser": {
    "organizationId": "<existing-organization-uuid>",
    "roleId": "<owner-role-uuid>"
  }
}

Observe that the server responds with 201 Created and persists the injected fields, reflecting client-controlled values for ownership metadata, timestamps, and organization association.

Impact

  • Vulnerability Class: Mass Assignment / JSON Injection / Improper Input Validation.
  • Who is impacted: All deployments of Flowise Cloud exposing the registration endpoint.

By supplying a known organizationId during registration, an unauthenticated attacker can create a new user account directly associated with an existing organization they do not belong to. This results in unauthorized cross-tenant access and privilege escalation at account creation time, completely bypassing organizational ownership and trust boundaries.

Security Consequences:

  1. Client-controlled manipulation of server-managed fields (audit timestamps, ownership metadata).
  2. Unauthorized association of newly created accounts with existing organizations.
  3. Injection of role and membership relationships during registration.
  4. Violation of trust boundaries in a multi-tenant environment, increasing the risk of privilege abuse and audit integrity failures.
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.0.13"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "flowise"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.1.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-41267"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-639",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-16T21:44:24Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-23T20:16:15Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nAn improper mass assignment (JSON injection) vulnerability in the account registration endpoint of Flowise Cloud allows unauthenticated attackers to inject server-managed fields and nested objects during account creation. This enables client-controlled manipulation of ownership metadata, timestamps, organization association, and role mappings, breaking trust boundaries in a multi-tenant environment.\n\n### Details\n\nThe POST /api/v1/account/register endpoint is intended to accept a minimal payload to create a new user account (e.g., name, email, password). However, the backend fails to enforce a strict allowlist or DTO-based validation and instead blindly maps client-supplied JSON to internal domain models.\n\nAs a result, attackers can include additional nested objects and server-managed fields in the request body such as organization, organizationUser, workspace, workspaceUser, and metadata fields like createdBy, updatedBy, createdDate, and updatedDate. These fields are persisted as provided by the client rather than being generated or validated server-side.\n\nThis behavior demonstrates a trust boundary violation where authorization and ownership decisions that must be enforced by the server are effectively delegated to untrusted client input. In a multi-tenant SaaS context, this can lead to unauthorized organization association and role assignment during registration.\n\n### PoC\nSend a standard registration request:\n\n```http\nPOST /api/v1/account/register HTTP/2\nHost: cloud.flowiseai.com\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\n  \"user\": {\n    \"name\": \"Test User\",\n    \"email\": \"testuser@example.com\",\n    \"credential\": \"StrongPassword123!\"\n  }\n}\n```\n\n\nObserve the 201 Created response returning a newly created user and related objects (organization, workspace, roles).\n\nSend a modified registration request that injects additional server-managed fields and nested objects:\n\nPOST /api/v1/account/register HTTP/2\nHost: cloud.flowiseai.com\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n```http\n{\n  \"user\": {\n    \"name\": \"Injected User\",\n    \"email\": \"injected@example.com\",\n    \"credential\": \"StrongPassword123!\",\n    \"createdBy\": \"\u003carbitrary-uuid\u003e\",\n    \"updatedBy\": \"\u003carbitrary-uuid\u003e\",\n    \"createdDate\": \"1999-12-27T13:10:47.666Z\",\n    \"updatedDate\": \"1999-12-27T13:10:47.666Z\"\n  },\n  \"organization\": {\n    \"id\": \"\u003cexisting-organization-uuid\u003e\",\n    \"name\": \"Injected Organization\"\n  },\n  \"organizationUser\": {\n    \"organizationId\": \"\u003cexisting-organization-uuid\u003e\",\n    \"roleId\": \"\u003cowner-role-uuid\u003e\"\n  }\n}\n```\n\n\nObserve that the server responds with 201 Created and persists the injected fields, reflecting client-controlled values for ownership metadata, timestamps, and organization association.\n\n### Impact\n- Vulnerability Class: Mass Assignment / JSON Injection / Improper Input Validation.\n- Who is impacted: All deployments of Flowise Cloud exposing the registration endpoint.\n\nBy supplying a known organizationId during registration, an unauthenticated attacker can create a new user account directly associated with an existing organization they do not belong to. This results in unauthorized cross-tenant access and privilege escalation at account creation time, completely bypassing organizational ownership and trust boundaries.\n\n**Security Consequences**:\n\n1. Client-controlled manipulation of server-managed fields (audit timestamps, ownership metadata).\n2. Unauthorized association of newly created accounts with existing organizations.\n3. Injection of role and membership relationships during registration.\n4. Violation of trust boundaries in a multi-tenant environment, increasing the risk of privilege abuse and audit integrity failures.",
  "id": "GHSA-48m6-ch88-55mj",
  "modified": "2026-04-24T20:57:49Z",
  "published": "2026-04-16T21:44:24Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise/security/advisories/GHSA-48m6-ch88-55mj"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-41267"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/FlowiseAI/Flowise"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Flowise: Improper Mass Assignment in Account Registration Enables Unauthorized Organization Association"
}

GHSA-4FH9-H7WG-Q85M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-02 01:25 – Updated: 2026-02-06 19:00
VLAI
Summary
mdast-util-to-hast has unsanitized class attribute
Details

Impact

Multiple (unprefixed) classnames could be added in markdown source by using character references. This could make rendered user supplied markdown code elements appear like the rest of the page. The following markdown:

```js&#x20;xss
```

Would create <pre><code class="language-js xss"></code></pre> If your page then applied .xss classes (or listeners in JS), those apply to this element. For more info see https://github.com/ChALkeR/notes/blob/master/Improper-markup-sanitization.md#unsanitized-class-attribute

Patches

The bug was patched. When using regular semver, run npm install. For exact ranges, make sure to use 13.2.1.

Workarounds

Update.

References

  • bug introduced in https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/commit/6fc783ae6abdeb798fd5a68e7f3f21411dde7403
  • bug fixed in https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/commit/ab3a79570a1afbfa7efef5d4a0cd9b5caafbc5d7
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "mdast-util-to-hast"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "13.0.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "13.2.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-66400"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-02T01:25:46Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-12-01T23:15:53Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nMultiple (unprefixed) classnames could be added in markdown source by using character references.\nThis could make rendered user supplied markdown `code` elements appear like the rest of the page.\nThe following markdown:\n\n````markdown\n```js\u0026#x20;xss\n```\n````\n\nWould create `\u003cpre\u003e\u003ccode class=\"language-js xss\"\u003e\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e`\nIf your page then applied `.xss` classes (or listeners in JS), those apply to this element.\nFor more info see \u003chttps://github.com/ChALkeR/notes/blob/master/Improper-markup-sanitization.md#unsanitized-class-attribute\u003e\n\n### Patches\n\nThe bug was patched. When using regular semver, run `npm install`. For exact ranges, make sure to use `13.2.1`.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nUpdate.\n\n### References\n\n* bug introduced in https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/commit/6fc783ae6abdeb798fd5a68e7f3f21411dde7403\n* bug fixed in https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/commit/ab3a79570a1afbfa7efef5d4a0cd9b5caafbc5d7",
  "id": "GHSA-4fh9-h7wg-q85m",
  "modified": "2026-02-06T19:00:13Z",
  "published": "2025-12-02T01:25:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/security/advisories/GHSA-4fh9-h7wg-q85m"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66400"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/commit/6fc783ae6abdeb798fd5a68e7f3f21411dde7403"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast/commit/ab3a79570a1afbfa7efef5d4a0cd9b5caafbc5d7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/syntax-tree/mdast-util-to-hast"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "mdast-util-to-hast has unsanitized class attribute"
}

GHSA-4FR2-J4G9-MPPF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-24 15:42 – Updated: 2023-09-07 22:37
VLAI
Summary
Prototype Pollution in deephas
Details

Prototype pollution vulnerability in 'deephas' versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "deephas"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.0.0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "1.0.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-28271"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-07-26T18:25:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-12T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Prototype pollution vulnerability in \u0027deephas\u0027 versions 1.0.0 through 1.0.5 allows attacker to cause a denial of service and may lead to remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-4fr2-j4g9-mppf",
  "modified": "2023-09-07T22:37:35Z",
  "published": "2021-09-24T15:42:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28271"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sharpred/deepHas/commit/2fe011713a6178c50f7deb6f039a8e5435981e20"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28271"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.whitesourcesoftware.com/vulnerability-database/CVE-2020-28271,"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype Pollution in deephas"
}

GHSA-4GHJ-75G5-H9PF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-24 18:31 – Updated: 2026-08-27 00:30
VLAI
Details

Craft CMS versions from 4.0.0-RC1 before 4.18.2 and from 5.0.0-RC1 before 5.10.6 contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in control panel element-search condition handling. A JSON cleanse bypass in condition.config allows Yii behavior/event configuration keys to be interpreted after decoding, enabling command execution as the PHP/web user.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-78416"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-24T16:17:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Craft CMS versions from 4.0.0-RC1 before 4.18.2 and from 5.0.0-RC1 before 5.10.6 contain an authenticated remote code execution vulnerability in control panel element-search condition handling. A JSON cleanse bypass in condition.config allows Yii behavior/event configuration keys to be interpreted after decoding, enabling command execution as the PHP/web user.",
  "id": "GHSA-4ghj-75g5-h9pf",
  "modified": "2026-08-27T00:30:28Z",
  "published": "2026-08-24T18:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78416"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/releases/tag/5.10.6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.hckrt.com/hacktivity/HCKRT-JD662P"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-4MVJ-RQ4V-2FXW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-21 17:50 – Updated: 2022-12-03 03:56
VLAI
Summary
Prototype Pollution in x-assign
Details

This vulnerability affects all versions of package x-assign. The global proto object can be polluted using the proto object.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "x-assign"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "0.1.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-23452"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-1321",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-21T14:54:57Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-20T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability affects all versions of package x-assign. The global proto object can be polluted using the __proto__ object.",
  "id": "GHSA-4mvj-rq4v-2fxw",
  "modified": "2022-12-03T03:56:39Z",
  "published": "2021-10-21T17:50:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23452"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/mvoorberg/x-assign"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://runkit.com/embed/sq8qjwemyn8t"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-XASSIGN-1759314"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Prototype Pollution in x-assign"
}

GHSA-4XJ4-JMCC-9RQ7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-27 06:31 – Updated: 2026-08-27 06:31
VLAI
Details

Spring Data REST does not guard identifier (@Id) and version (@Version) properties against mutation via RFC 6902 JSON Patch (application/json-patch+json) requests. Spring Data REST 5.1.0 Spring Data REST 5.0.0 - 5.0.6 Spring Data REST 4.5.0 - 4.5.12 Spring Data REST 4.0.0 - 4.4.15 Spring Data REST 3.7.20 and earlier

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-47849"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-08-27T06:17:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Spring Data REST does not guard identifier (@Id) and version (@Version) properties against mutation via RFC 6902 JSON Patch (application/json-patch+json) requests.\nSpring Data REST 5.1.0\nSpring Data REST 5.0.0 - 5.0.6\nSpring Data REST 4.5.0 - 4.5.12\nSpring Data REST 4.0.0 - 4.4.15\nSpring Data REST 3.7.20 and earlier",
  "id": "GHSA-4xj4-jmcc-9rq7",
  "modified": "2026-08-27T06:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-08-27T06:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47849"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-47849"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-538C-55JV-C5G9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-01 21:10 – Updated: 2026-04-01 21:10
VLAI
Summary
ONNX: Malicious ONNX models can crash servers by exploiting unprotected object settings.
Details

Summary

The ExternalDataInfo class in ONNX was using Python’s setattr() function to load metadata (like file paths or data lengths) directly from an ONNX model file. The problem? It didn’t check if the "keys" in the file were valid. Because it blindly trusted the file, an attacker could craft a malicious model that overwrites internal object properties.

Why its Dangerous

Instant Crash DoS: An attacker can set the length property to a massive number like 9 petabytes. When the system tries to load the model, it attempts to allocate all that RAM at once, causing the server to crash or freeze Out of Memory.

Access Bypass: By setting a negative offset -1, an attacker can trick the system into reading parts of a file it wasn't supposed to touch.

Object Corruption: Attackers can even inject "dunder" attributes like class to change the object's type entirely, which could lead to more complex exploits.

Fixed: https://github.com/onnx/onnx/pull/7751 object state corruption and DoS via ExternalDataInfo attribute injection

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.20.1"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "onnx"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.21.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-34445"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-20",
      "CWE-400",
      "CWE-915"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-01T21:10:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-01T18:16:30Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nThe ExternalDataInfo class in ONNX was using Python\u2019s setattr() function to load metadata (like file paths or data lengths) directly from an ONNX model file. The problem? It didn\u2019t check if the \"keys\" in the file were valid. Because it blindly trusted the file, an attacker could craft a malicious model that overwrites internal object properties.\n\n### Why its Dangerous\n**Instant Crash DoS**: An attacker can set the length property to a massive number like 9 petabytes. When the system tries to load the model, it attempts to allocate all that RAM at once, causing the server to crash or freeze Out of Memory.\n\n**Access Bypass**: By setting a negative offset -1, an attacker can trick the system into reading parts of a file it wasn\u0027t supposed to touch.\n\n**Object Corruption**: Attackers can even inject \"dunder\" attributes like __class__ to change the object\u0027s type entirely, which could lead to more complex exploits.\n\n**Fixed**: https://github.com/onnx/onnx/pull/7751 object state corruption and DoS via ExternalDataInfo attribute injection",
  "id": "GHSA-538c-55jv-c5g9",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T21:10:52Z",
  "published": "2026-04-01T21:10:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/onnx/onnx/security/advisories/GHSA-538c-55jv-c5g9"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-34445"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/onnx/onnx/pull/7751"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/onnx/onnx/commit/e30c6935d67cc3eca2fa284e37248e7c0036c46b"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/onnx/onnx"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "ONNX: Malicious ONNX models can crash servers by exploiting unprotected object settings."
}

Mitigation
Implementation
  • If available, use features of the language or framework that allow specification of allowlists of attributes or fields that are allowed to be modified. If possible, prefer allowlists over denylists.
  • For applications written with Ruby on Rails, use the attr_accessible (allowlist) or attr_protected (denylist) macros in each class that may be used in mass assignment.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

For any externally-influenced input, check the input against an allowlist of internal object attributes or fields that are allowed to be modified.

Mitigation
Implementation Architecture and Design

Strategy: Refactoring

Refactor the code so that object attributes or fields do not need to be dynamically identified, and only expose getter/setter functionality for the intended attributes.

No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.