CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8562 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3GHP-8R47-4GJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-10 20:03A flaw has been found in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. This vulnerability affects the function ActionNode.xml_fill of the file metagpt/actions/action_node.py of the component XML Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "metagpt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.8.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5971"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-10T20:03:43Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-09T18:17:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in FoundationAgents MetaGPT up to 0.8.1. This vulnerability affects the function ActionNode.xml_fill of the file metagpt/actions/action_node.py of the component XML Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to improper neutralization of directives in dynamically evaluated code. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.",
"id": "GHSA-3ghp-8r47-4gj4",
"modified": "2026-04-10T20:03:43Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T18:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/issues/1928"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT/issues/1956"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/FoundationAgents/MetaGPT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/791734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356525"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/356525/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "FoundationAgents MetaGPT vulnerable to eval injection"
}
GHSA-3GJ4-2F6H-GGHR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-31 21:32 – Updated: 2025-04-02 15:31Netgear WNR854T 1.5.2 (North America) is vulnerable to Command Injection. An attacker can send a specially crafted request to post.cgi, updating the nvram parameter wan_hostname and forcing a reboot. This will result in command injection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54804"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-31T21:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Netgear WNR854T 1.5.2 (North America) is vulnerable to Command Injection. An attacker can send a specially crafted request to post.cgi, updating the nvram parameter wan_hostname and forcing a reboot. This will result in command injection.",
"id": "GHSA-3gj4-2f6h-gghr",
"modified": "2025-04-02T15:31:18Z",
"published": "2025-03-31T21:32:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://faultpoint.com/post/2025-03-25-8-cves-on-the-wnr854t-junkyard/#804"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GM5-3V88-C49W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-06 15:32 – Updated: 2026-08-06 15:32Shop manager Remote Code Execution (RCE) in CTX Feed <= 6.6.42 versions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-66709"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-06T15:17:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Shop manager Remote Code Execution (RCE) in CTX Feed \u003c= 6.6.42 versions.",
"id": "GHSA-3gm5-3v88-c49w",
"modified": "2026-08-06T15:32:48Z",
"published": "2026-08-06T15:32:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-66709"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/webappick-product-feed-for-woocommerce/vulnerability/wordpress-ctx-feed-plugin-6-6-42-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GM7-V7VW-866C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-08-01 19:17 – Updated: 2025-10-22 17:44In Apache Solr, the DataImportHandler, an optional but popular module to pull in data from databases and other sources, has a feature in which the whole DIH configuration can come from a request's "dataConfig" parameter. The debug mode of the DIH admin screen uses this to allow convenient debugging / development of a DIH config. Since a DIH config can contain scripts, this parameter is a security risk. Starting with version 8.2.0 of Solr, use of this parameter requires setting the Java System property "enable.dih.dataConfigParam" to true.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.solr:solr-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-0193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-08-01T19:07:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-01T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Apache Solr, the DataImportHandler, an optional but popular module to pull in data from databases and other sources, has a feature in which the whole DIH configuration can come from a request\u0027s \"dataConfig\" parameter. The debug mode of the DIH admin screen uses this to allow convenient debugging / development of a DIH config. Since a DIH config can contain scripts, this parameter is a security risk. Starting with version 8.2.0 of Solr, use of this parameter requires setting the Java System property \"enable.dih.dataConfigParam\" to true.",
"id": "GHSA-3gm7-v7vw-866c",
"modified": "2025-10-22T17:44:24Z",
"published": "2019-08-01T19:17:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-0193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr/commit/02c693f3713add1b4891cbaa87127de3a55c10f7"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/lucene-solr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r19d23e8640236a3058b4d6c23e5cd663fde182255f5a9d63e0606a66@%3Cdev.lucene.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1d4a247329a8478073163567bbc8c8cb6b49c6bfc2bf58153a857af1%40%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r1d4a247329a8478073163567bbc8c8cb6b49c6bfc2bf58153a857af1@%3Ccommits.druid.apache.org%3E"
},
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r339865b276614661770c909be1dd7e862232e3ef0af98bfd85686b51%40%3Cdev.lucene.apache.org%3E"
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc400db37710ee79378b6c52de3640493ff538c2beb41cefdbbdf2ab8%40%3Ccommits.submarine.apache.org%3E"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rc400db37710ee79378b6c52de3640493ff538c2beb41cefdbbdf2ab8@%3Ccommits.submarine.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/rca37935d661f4689cb4119f1b3b224413b22be161b678e6e6ce0c69b%40%3Ccommits.nifi.apache.org%3E"
},
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/10/msg00013.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/08/msg00025.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGAPACHESOLR-536063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2019-0193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SOLR-13669"
},
{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/1addbb49a1fc0947fb32ca663d76d93cfaade35a4848a76d4b4ded9c%40%3Cissues.lucene.apache.org%3E"
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r140128dc6bb4f4e0b6a39e962c7ca25a8cbc8e48ed766176c931fccc%40%3Cusers.solr.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r140128dc6bb4f4e0b6a39e962c7ca25a8cbc8e48ed766176c931fccc@%3Cusers.solr.apache.org%3E"
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{
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"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r19d23e8640236a3058b4d6c23e5cd663fde182255f5a9d63e0606a66%40%3Cdev.lucene.apache.org%3E"
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],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "XML External Entity (XXE) Injection in Apache Solr"
}
GHSA-3GQR-FC98-CHWR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:44 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:44PHP local file inclusion vulnerability in index.php in IDevspot iSupport 1.8 allows remote attackers to include local files via the include_file parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-6539"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-12-27T23:46:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP local file inclusion vulnerability in index.php in IDevspot iSupport 1.8 allows remote attackers to include local files via the include_file parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-3gqr-fc98-chwr",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:44:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:44:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-6539"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/39184"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/39801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/485392/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/26961"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3GRG-FGCC-7F3V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-12 00:31NetGain EM Plus 10.1.68 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by submitting malicious parameters to the script_test.jsp endpoint. Attackers can send POST requests with shell commands embedded in the 'content' parameter to execute code and retrieve command output.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25468"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-11T19:16:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "NetGain EM Plus 10.1.68 contains a remote code execution vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary system commands by submitting malicious parameters to the script_test.jsp endpoint. Attackers can send POST requests with shell commands embedded in the \u0027content\u0027 parameter to execute code and retrieve command output.",
"id": "GHSA-3grg-fgcc-7f3v",
"modified": "2026-03-12T00:31:16Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T21:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/47391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgain-em-plus-remote-code-execution-via-script-test-jsp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/netgain-em-plus-remote-code-execution-via-script-testjsp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://netgain-systems.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GW2-886W-QHJ3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:55 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:55HPE Operations Manager 8.x and 9.0 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted serialized Java object, related to the Apache Commons Collections library.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1985"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2016-01-30T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "HPE Operations Manager 8.x and 9.0 on Windows allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted serialized Java object, related to the Apache Commons Collections library.",
"id": "GHSA-3gw2-886w-qhj3",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:55:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:55:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c04953244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/82259"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3GX8-JJH4-8PVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 17:51 – Updated: 2022-05-01 17:51Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in aWeb Labs aWebNews 1.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the path_to_news parameter to (1) listing.php or (2) visview.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-1247"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-03-03T20:19:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in aWeb Labs aWebNews 1.5 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the path_to_news parameter to (1) listing.php or (2) visview.php.",
"id": "GHSA-3gx8-jjh4-8pvh",
"modified": "2022-05-01T17:51:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T17:51:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-1247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/32770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/33824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/33825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/24351"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/2365"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/461680/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/461684/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/22781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/0808"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3GX9-37WW-9QW6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-04 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-11 21:37In Spring Cloud Gateway versions prior to 3.1.1+ and 3.0.7+ , applications are vulnerable to a code injection attack when the Gateway Actuator endpoint is enabled, exposed, and unsecured. A remote attacker could make a maliciously crafted request resulting in arbitrary remote execution on the remote host.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.0.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.springframework.cloud:spring-cloud-gateway"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22947"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-917",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-03-04T21:06:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-03T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Spring Cloud Gateway versions prior to 3.1.1+ and 3.0.7+ , applications are vulnerable to a code injection attack when the Gateway Actuator endpoint is enabled, exposed, and unsecured. A remote attacker could make a maliciously crafted request resulting in arbitrary remote execution on the remote host.",
"id": "GHSA-3gx9-37ww-9qw6",
"modified": "2022-08-11T21:37:05Z",
"published": "2022-03-04T00:00:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tanzu.vmware.com/security/cve-2022-22947"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166219/Spring-Cloud-Gateway-3.1.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168742/Spring-Cloud-Gateway-3.1.0-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Spring Cloud Gateway vulnerable to Code Injection when Gateway Actuator endpoint enabled, exposed, unsecured"
}
GHSA-3H39-QXGG-P476
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:53 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:31A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Jet Database Engine improperly handles objects in memory, aka 'Jet Database Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability'. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-1146, CVE-2019-1147, CVE-2019-1155, CVE-2019-1156.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-1157"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-14T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote code execution vulnerability exists when the Windows Jet Database Engine improperly handles objects in memory, aka \u0027Jet Database Engine Remote Code Execution Vulnerability\u0027. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2019-1146, CVE-2019-1147, CVE-2019-1155, CVE-2019-1156.",
"id": "GHSA-3h39-qxgg-p476",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:31:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:53:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1157"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2019-1157"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.