CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8604 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-4WHV-MHHP-7QCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-13 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-14 18:31myBB version 1.6.4 was distributed with an unauthorized backdoor embedded in the source code. The backdoor allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by injecting payloads into a specially crafted collapsed cookie. This vulnerability was introduced during packaging and was not part of the intended application logic. Exploitation requires no authentication and results in full compromise of the web server under the context of the web application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-10018"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-13T21:15:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "myBB version 1.6.4 was distributed with an unauthorized backdoor embedded in the source code. The backdoor allowed remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code by injecting payloads into a specially crafted collapsed cookie. This vulnerability was introduced during packaging and was not part of the intended application logic. Exploitation requires no authentication and results in full compromise of the web server under the context of the web application.",
"id": "GHSA-4whv-mhhp-7qcj",
"modified": "2025-08-14T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2025-08-13T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-10018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.mybb.com/2011/10/06/1-6-4-security-vulnerabilit"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/master/modules/exploits/unix/webapp/mybb_backdoor.rb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20111015224948/http://secunia.com/advisories/46300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/17949"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mybb-backdoor-arbitrary-command-execution"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WHV-V32X-QRPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:22Eval injection vulnerability in the fillpdf_form_export_decode function in fillpdf.admin.inc in the Fill PDF module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.16 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with administer PDFs privileges to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors. NOTE: Some of these details are obtained from third party information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-1625"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2012-09-20T03:46:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Eval injection vulnerability in the fillpdf_form_export_decode function in fillpdf.admin.inc in the Fill PDF module 6.x-1.x before 6.x-1.16 and 7.x-1.x before 7.x-1.2 for Drupal allows remote authenticated users with administer PDFs privileges to execute arbitrary PHP code via unspecified vectors. NOTE: Some of these details are obtained from third party information.",
"id": "GHSA-4whv-v32x-qrpg",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:22:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:22:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-1625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://drupal.org/node/1394428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/78182"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/47418"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/04/07/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/51288"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-4WM9-3QMV-GVXJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-01 15:32 – Updated: 2024-07-12 19:08rjrodger jsonic-next v2.12.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function empty. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "jsonic"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.12.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1321",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-01T21:52:44Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-01T13:15:04Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "rjrodger jsonic-next v2.12.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function empty. This vulnerability allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.",
"id": "GHSA-4wm9-3qmv-gvxj",
"modified": "2024-07-12T19:08:25Z",
"published": "2024-07-01T15:32:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/mestrtee/9a2b522d59c53f31f45c1edb96459693"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jsonicjs/jsonic"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "jsonic was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function empty.",
"withdrawn": "2024-07-12T19:08:25Z"
}
GHSA-4WRJ-QHHF-3C55
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 15:31 – Updated: 2024-08-22 15:31An issue in D3D Security D3D IP Camera (D8801) v.V9.1.17.1.4-20180428 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41623"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T14:15:12Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in D3D Security D3D IP Camera (D8801) v.V9.1.17.1.4-20180428 allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted payload",
"id": "GHSA-4wrj-qhhf-3c55",
"modified": "2024-08-22T15:31:18Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T15:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41623"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Anonymous120386/Anonymous"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://d3d.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WRR-9H5R-M92W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-04 00:29 – Updated: 2026-04-24 21:11The ExceptionDelegator component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.struts:struts2-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.struts.xwork:xwork-core"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.3.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-0391"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-08-29T20:37:05Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2012-01-08T15:55:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The `ExceptionDelegator` component in Apache Struts before 2.2.3.1 interprets parameter values as OGNL expressions during certain exception handling for mismatched data types of properties, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary Java code via a crafted parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-4wrr-9h5r-m92w",
"modified": "2026-04-24T21:11:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-04T00:29:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-0391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/25e50069d60434a30395e3a98357ffba2bed427e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/5f54b8d087f5125d96838aafa5f64c2190e6885b"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/struts/commit/b4265d369dc29d57a9f2846a85b26598e83f3892"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/struts"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/WW-3668"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2012-0391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec-consult.com/files/20120104-0_Apache_Struts2_Multiple_Critical_Vulnerabilities.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2012-01/0031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/47393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/s2-008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://struts.apache.org/2.x/docs/version-notes-2311.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/18329"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Struts Remote Java Code Execution"
}
GHSA-4WV4-MGFQ-598V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-03-12 23:00 – Updated: 2021-03-12 19:13Code injection through use of eval.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nobelprizeparser"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.0.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-03-12T19:13:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Code injection through use of eval.",
"id": "GHSA-4wv4-mgfq-598v",
"modified": "2021-03-12T19:13:27Z",
"published": "2021-03-12T23:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AnneTheDev/nobelprize/security/advisories/GHSA-4wv4-mgfq-598v"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AnneTheDev/nobelprize/commit/00639d375b0efd097bc1eca18d9dc021691b9286"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/package/nobelprizeparser"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Code injection in nobelprizeparser"
}
GHSA-4WVJ-8V7H-XG58
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:04 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:04A vulnerability in Trend Micro Maximum Security's (Consumer) 2018 (versions 12.0.1191 and below) User-Mode Hooking (UMH) driver could allow an attacker to create a specially crafted packet that could alter a vulnerable system in such a way that malicious code could be injected into other processes.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-3608"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-06T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Trend Micro Maximum Security\u0027s (Consumer) 2018 (versions 12.0.1191 and below) User-Mode Hooking (UMH) driver could allow an attacker to create a specially crafted packet that could alter a vulnerable system in such a way that malicious code could be injected into other processes.",
"id": "GHSA-4wvj-8v7h-xg58",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:04:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:04:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3608"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://esupport.trendmicro.com/en-US/home/pages/technical-support/1120237.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://esupport.trendmicro.com/support/vb/solution/ja-jp/1120144.aspx"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WW3-585W-6P9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-04 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-10 21:30There is an HTML injection vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS <=11.0 that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL which, when clicked, could potentially generate a message that may entice an unsuspecting victim to visit an arbitrary website. This could simplify phishing attacks.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25706"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-79",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-04T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "There is an HTML injection vulnerability in Esri Portal for ArcGIS \u003c=11.0 that may allow a remote, unauthenticated attacker to craft a URL which, when clicked, could potentially generate a message that may entice an unsuspecting victim to visit an arbitrary website. This could simplify phishing attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-4ww3-585w-6p9r",
"modified": "2025-04-10T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-04-04T18:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-enterprise/administration/portal-for-arcgis-security-2024-update-2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WXW-JXM6-5CH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:22 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:22IBM Security Identity Manager 6.0 and 7.0 could allow an attacker to create unexpected control flow paths through the application, potentially bypassing security checks. Exploitation of this weakness can result in a limited form of code injection. IBM X-Force ID: 156162.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-4038"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-02-04T21:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Security Identity Manager 6.0 and 7.0 could allow an attacker to create unexpected control flow paths through the application, potentially bypassing security checks. Exploitation of this weakness can result in a limited form of code injection. IBM X-Force ID: 156162.",
"id": "GHSA-4wxw-jxm6-5ch2",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:22:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:22:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-4038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/156162"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10869604"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:P/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4WXX-XMRX-3XQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:31 – Updated: 2025-10-22 03:30win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TrueType font, as exploited in the wild in October 2014, aka "TrueType Font Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-4148"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-10-15T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "win32k.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Server 2003 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 Gold and R2, and Windows RT Gold and 8.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted TrueType font, as exploited in the wild in October 2014, aka \"TrueType Font Parsing Remote Code Execution Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-4wxx-xmrx-3xq9",
"modified": "2025-10-22T03:30:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-4148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2014/ms14-058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/96995"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2014-4148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://blogs.technet.com/b/srd/archive/2014/10/14/accessing-risk-for-the-october-2014-security-updates.aspx"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/60970"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/70429"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.