CWE-94
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a code segment using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the syntax or behavior of the intended code segment.
8430 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GF8M-2MWV-92MG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:43 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:43PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in modules/basicfog/basicfogfactory.class.php in PhpBlock A8.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the PATH_TO_CODE parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1776"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-04-14T16:05:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in modules/basicfog/basicfogfactory.class.php in PhpBlock A8.4 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the PATH_TO_CODE parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-gf8m-2mwv-92mg",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:43:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:43:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1776"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/41616"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5348"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/28588"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GFCC-X5PV-WRJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:36 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:36Eval injection vulnerability in modules/execute.php in the Sniplets 1.1.2 and 1.2.2 plugin for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the text parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-1060"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-02-28T19:44:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Eval injection vulnerability in modules/execute.php in the Sniplets 1.1.2 and 1.2.2 plugin for WordPress allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via the text parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-gfcc-x5pv-wrjh",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:36:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:36:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-1060"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/40831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/5194"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/29099"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/3706"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/488734/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/27985"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GFF5-24H3-HXCW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-02 03:26 – Updated: 2022-05-02 03:26The map_yp_alias function in functions/imap_general.php in SquirrelMail before 1.4.18 and NaSMail before 1.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a username string that is used by the ypmatch program.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2009-1579"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-05-14T17:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The map_yp_alias function in functions/imap_general.php in SquirrelMail before 1.4.18 and NaSMail before 1.7 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via shell metacharacters in a username string that is used by the ypmatch program.",
"id": "GHSA-gff5-24h3-hxcw",
"modified": "2022-05-02T03:26:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-02T03:26:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2009-1579"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=500360"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/50461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gna.org/forum/forum.php?forum_id=2146"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A10986"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-May/msg00566.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-May/msg00572.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.redhat.com/archives/fedora-package-announce/2009-May/msg00577.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://download.gna.org/nasmail/nasmail-1.7.zip"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2010//Jun/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35073"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/35259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/37415"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/40220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://squirrelmail.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/squirrelmail/branches/SM-1_4-STABLE/squirrelmail/doc/ChangeLog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://squirrelmail.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/squirrelmail/branches/SM-1_4-STABLE/squirrelmail/functions/imap_general.php?r1=13674\u0026r2=13673\u0026pathrev=13674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://squirrelmail.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/squirrelmail?view=rev\u0026revision=13674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://support.apple.com/kb/HT4188"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2009/dsa-1802"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2009:110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2009-1066.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/34916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.squirrelmail.org/security/issue/2009-05-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/1296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2009/3315"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1481"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GFH5-5Q87-HR66
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-01 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 21:30IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 is vulnerable to remote code execution caused by the bypass of security controls.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9311"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T19:16:55Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM WebSphere Application Server 9.0, and 8.5 is vulnerable to remote code execution caused by the bypass of security controls.",
"id": "GHSA-gfh5-5q87-hr66",
"modified": "2026-06-01T21:30:44Z",
"published": "2026-06-01T21:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9311"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7274733"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFH7-3MX2-9P35
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:26An issue in SeaCMS v.12.8 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the admin_ Weixin.php component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-44847"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T01:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in SeaCMS v.12.8 allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code via the admin_ Weixin.php component.",
"id": "GHSA-gfh7-3mx2-9p35",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:26:48Z",
"published": "2023-10-10T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-44847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.csdn.net/2301_79997870/article/details/133661890?spm=1001.2014.3001.5502"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFJW-37RR-7CF3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:44 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:44Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in 29o3 CMS 0.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the LibDir parameter to (1) lib/page/pageDescriptionObject.php, and (2) layoutHeaderFuncs.php, (3) layoutManager.php, and (4) layoutParser.php in lib/layout/.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1922"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2010-05-12T16:07:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple PHP remote file inclusion vulnerabilities in 29o3 CMS 0.1 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the LibDir parameter to (1) lib/page/pageDescriptionObject.php, and (2) layoutHeaderFuncs.php, (3) layoutManager.php, and (4) layoutParser.php in lib/layout/.",
"id": "GHSA-gfjw-37rr-7cf3",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:44:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:44:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1922"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.org/1005-exploits/29o3cms-rfi.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/511222/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/40049"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2010/1120"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GFMP-6WVC-G9JJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 18:01 – Updated: 2022-05-01 18:01PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in lib/pcltar.lib.php (aka pcltar.php) in the PclTar module 1.3 and 1.3.1 for Vincent Blavet PhpConcept Library, as used in multiple products including (1) Joomla! 1.5.0 Beta, (2) N/X Web Content Management System (WCMS) 4.5, (3) CJG EXPLORER PRO 3.3, and (4) phpSiteBackup 0.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the g_pcltar_lib_dir parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2007-2199"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2007-04-24T20:19:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "PHP remote file inclusion vulnerability in lib/pcltar.lib.php (aka pcltar.php) in the PclTar module 1.3 and 1.3.1 for Vincent Blavet PhpConcept Library, as used in multiple products including (1) Joomla! 1.5.0 Beta, (2) N/X Web Content Management System (WCMS) 4.5, (3) CJG EXPLORER PRO 3.3, and (4) phpSiteBackup 0.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code via a URL in the g_pcltar_lib_dir parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-gfmp-6wvc-g9jj",
"modified": "2022-05-01T18:01:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T18:01:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2007-2199"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/33837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/34273"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/35092"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/3781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/3915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/4111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/34803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/36009"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/25230"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.attrition.org/pipermail/vim/2007-May/001618.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.hackers.ir/advisories/joomla.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/466687/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/478503/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/23613"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/23708"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/24660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/25528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2007/1511"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GFQF-9C7Q-2QMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-22 03:30 – Updated: 2026-07-23 12:31A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in SketchUp 2026's Dynamic Components feature allows remote code execution and local file exfiltration through maliciously crafted SKP files. The vulnerability stems from improper input sanitization in the component options window, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary system commands and read local files without user interaction by exploiting an embedded Internet Explorer 11 browser.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9264"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-22T02:16:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in SketchUp 2026\u0027s Dynamic Components feature allows remote code execution and local file exfiltration through maliciously crafted SKP files. The vulnerability stems from improper input sanitization in the component options window, enabling attackers to execute arbitrary system commands and read local files without user interaction by exploiting an embedded Internet Explorer 11 browser.",
"id": "GHSA-gfqf-9c7q-2qmr",
"modified": "2026-07-23T12:31:52Z",
"published": "2026-05-22T03:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9264"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://trust.trimble.com/?tcuUid=52252bc0-c196-4b1f-9f13-4e4c9ba247d9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFQW-7Q63-8QV4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:08 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:08The web framework in IronPort AsyncOS on Cisco Web Security Appliance devices before 7.1.3-013, 7.5 before 7.5.0-838, and 7.7 before 7.7.0-550 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via crafted command-line input in a URL sent over IPv4, aka Bug ID CSCzv69294.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3383"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-06-27T21:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The web framework in IronPort AsyncOS on Cisco Web Security Appliance devices before 7.1.3-013, 7.5 before 7.5.0-838, and 7.7 before 7.7.0-550 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary commands via crafted command-line input in a URL sent over IPv4, aka Bug ID CSCzv69294.",
"id": "GHSA-gfqw-7q63-8qv4",
"modified": "2022-05-17T05:08:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:08:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20130626-wsa"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-GFWF-X23P-XH3Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-06 00:31 – Updated: 2024-12-18 18:30Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Open Robotics Robotic Operating System 2 (ROS2) navigation2- ROS2-humble and navigation 2-humble allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the nav2_amcl process
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-05T23:15:05Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Buffer Overflow vulnerability in Open Robotics Robotic Operating System 2 (ROS2) navigation2- ROS2-humble and navigation 2-humble allows a local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the nav2_amcl process",
"id": "GHSA-gfwf-x23p-xh3q",
"modified": "2024-12-18T18:30:50Z",
"published": "2024-12-06T00:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ros-planning/navigation2/issues/4177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ros-planning/navigation2/pull/4206"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/GoesM/ROS-CVE-CNVDs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Refactoring
Refactor your program so that you do not have to dynamically generate code.
Mitigation
- Run your code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which code can be executed by your product.
- Examples include the Unix chroot jail and AppArmor. In general, managed code may provide some protection.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of your application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of code injection, use stringent allowlists that limit which constructs are allowed. If you are dynamically constructing code that invokes a function, then verifying that the input is alphanumeric might be insufficient. An attacker might still be able to reference a dangerous function that you did not intend to allow, such as system(), exec(), or exit().
Mitigation
Use dynamic tools and techniques that interact with the product using large test suites with many diverse inputs, such as fuzz testing (fuzzing), robustness testing, and fault injection. The product's operation may slow down, but it should not become unstable, crash, or generate incorrect results.
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Compilation or Build Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation MIT-32
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run the code in an environment that performs automatic taint propagation and prevents any command execution that uses tainted variables, such as Perl's "-T" switch. This will force the program to perform validation steps that remove the taint, although you must be careful to correctly validate your inputs so that you do not accidentally mark dangerous inputs as untainted (see CWE-183 and CWE-184).
Mitigation
For Python programs, it is frequently encouraged to use the ast.literal_eval() function instead of eval, since it is intentionally designed to avoid executing code. However, an adversary could still cause excessive memory or stack consumption via deeply nested structures [REF-1372], so the python documentation discourages use of ast.literal_eval() on untrusted data [REF-1373].
CAPEC-242: Code Injection
An adversary exploits a weakness in input validation on the target to inject new code into that which is currently executing. This differs from code inclusion in that code inclusion involves the addition or replacement of a reference to a code file, which is subsequently loaded by the target and used as part of the code of some application.
CAPEC-35: Leverage Executable Code in Non-Executable Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's trust in configuration and resource files. When the executable loads the resource (such as an image file or configuration file) the attacker has modified the file to either execute malicious code directly or manipulate the target process (e.g. application server) to execute based on the malicious configuration parameters. Since systems are increasingly interrelated mashing up resources from local and remote sources the possibility of this attack occurring is high.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.